IL 1

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Huxin formula (HXF) in curtailing atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: According to random number table method, 24 specific pathogen free male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into model group, HXF low-dose (HXF-L) group (8.4 g/kg daily), HXF high-dose (HXF-H) group (16.8 g/kg daily), and pravastatin (8 mg/kg daily) group in Experiment I (n=6 per group). C57BL/6J mice served as the control group (n=6). ApoE-/- mice in HXF-L, HXF-H, pravastatin groups were fed a Western diet and administered continuously by gavage for 12 weeks, while C57BL/6J mice in the control group were fed conventional lab mouse chow for 12 weeks...

The study aimed to assess 𝛾-Terpinene's (𝛾-TER) neuroprotective potential in acute cerebral ischemia, characterized by reduced cerebral blood flow in rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), a standard method for inducing cerebral ischemia, was employed in male Wistar rats. 𝛾-TER at varying doses (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered during reperfusion onset. Neurological outcomes, cerebral infarct size, edema, and enzymatic activities (SOD, GPx, and catalase) in the brain were evaluated using diverse techniques...

Puerarin (Pue), a flavonoid compound, possesses cytoprotective effects and LPS has been reported to induce renal inflammatory injury in bovine. However, whether Pue inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory damage of bovine kidney cells remains unknown. Based on an in vitro model with Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line, it has found that Pue attenuated LPS-induced damage of MDBK cells, as evidenced by cell viability and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release rescued by Pue (P < 0...

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex, severe psychotic disorder that is highly persistent. Patients often cannot control their emotions and have delusions of victimization, world-weariness, and even suicide. Therefore, safer and more effective drugs are urgently needed. Rannasangpei (RNSP) from "the four medicine tantras" was used as a neuroprotective agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of RNSP on MK-801-induced SCZ in mice. Fifty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, an RNSP group, a crocin (CRO) group, and an olanzapine (OLA) group, except for the normal group...

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can be used as an immunomodulator in cancer immunotherapy. And it has demonstrated enormous potential in inhibiting tumor growth and improving the tumor microenvironment (TME) by several preclinical models. However, some disappointing results have showed in the early clinical trials when IL-12 used as a single agent for systemic cancer therapy. Combination therapy is an effective way to significantly fulfill the great potential of IL-12 as an immunomodulator. Here, we discuss the effects of IL-12 combined with traditional methods (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery), targeted therapy or immunotherapy in the preclinical and clinical studies...

BACKGROUND: The Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis 2023 was extensively revised to reflect the latest advances in antineoplastic agents, antiemetics, and antineoplastic regimens. This update provides new evidence on the efficacy of antiemetic regimens. METHODS: Guided by the Minds Clinical Practice Guideline Development Manual of 2017, a rigorous approach was used to update the guidelines; a thorough literature search was conducted from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2020...

This current in vitro , ex vivo , and in vivo research aims to evaluate and analyze the linalool-zinc oxide nanocomposite (Lin-ZNP) for treating cystic echinococcosis. Lin-ZNP was synthesized using an ethanolic solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The protoscolicidal effects of Lin-ZNP were tested on hydatid cyst protoscoleces (PTS) in both in vitro and ex vivo by eosin exclusion test. The study also examined the impact on caspase-3 gene expression and the external structure of PTS. The in vivo effect was measured by examining hydatid cysts' quantity, dimensions, and weight in mice intraperitoneally infected with 0...

BACKGROUND: Many studies have documented the protective effects of regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization in inflammatory diseases characterized by their imbalance state. In pathological diseases associated with inflammation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate macrophages, thereby having anti-inflammatory and tissue regenerative effects. Exosomes have been suggested as an alternative mechanism that underlies the paracrine function of MSCs. Thus, this study explored the anti-inflammatory impact of human umbilical cord MSCssecreted exosomes (hucMSCs-EX) by influencing macrophage polarization in normal and inflammatory environments in vitro...

BACKGROUND: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in diabetic patients. Depressive mood associated with obesity/metabolic disorders is related to the inflammatory response caused by long-term consumption of high-fat diets, but its molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the antidepressant effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in high-fat diet rats works through the P2X7R/NLRP3/IL-1β pathway. METHODS: We first used 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and LC-MS metabolomics assays in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with long-term high-fat diet (Purina #5008) induced significant depression-like behaviors...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by persistent activation of immune cells and overproduction of autoantibodies. The accumulation of senescent T and B cells has been observed in SLE and other immune-mediated diseases. However, the exact mechanistic pathways contributing to this process in SLE remain incompletely understood. In this study, we found that in SLE patients: (1) the frequency of CD4+ CD57+ senescent T cells was significantly elevated and positively correlated with disease activity; (2) the expression levels of B-lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family and interferon-induced genes (ISGs) were significantly upregulated; and (3) in vitro, the cytokine IL-15 stimulation increased the frequency of senescent CD4+ T cells and upregulated the expression of BCL-2 family and ISGs...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of selenium-methylselenocysteine (SMC) to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and its mechanism of action. METHODS: Rat Schwann cells RSC96 cells were randomly divided into 5 groups, which were group A (without any treatment, control group), group B (adding 100 μmol/L H 2 O 2 ), group C (adding 100 μmol/L H 2 O 2 +100 μmol/L SMC), group D (adding 100 μmol/L H 2 O 2 +200 μmol/L SMC), group E (adding 100 μmol/L H 2 O 2 +400 μmol/L SMC); the effect of SMC on cell proliferation was detected by MTT method, and the level of oxidative stress was detected by immunofluorescence for free radicals [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] after determining the appropriate dose group...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the early effectiveness and influence on cartilage of local injection of multimodal drug cocktail (MDC) during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS: Between February 2022 and August 2023, patients undergone arthroscopic ACLR using autologous hamstring tendons were selected as the study subjects. Among them, 90 patients met the selection criteria and were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =30) according to the different injection drugs after ligament reconstruction...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has significantly risen in the past three decades, prompting researchers to explore the potential contributions of environmental factors during pregnancy to ASD development. One such factor of interest is gestational hypothyroxinemia (HTX), a frequent condition in pregnancy associated with cognitive impairments in the offspring. While retrospective human studies have linked gestational HTX to autistic traits, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of ASD-like phenotypes remain poorly understood...

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that bioactive compounds in berry fruits may mitigate inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) supplementation effects on modulation of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in nondialysis (stages 3 and 4) patients with CKD. Design/Participants . A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed with 30 patients to receive capsules containing cranberry extract (1000 mg/day) or placebo (1000 mg/day of corn starch) for two months...

BACKGROUND: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is the leading cause of mortality in advanced stages of coronavirus patients. This study examined the prophylactic effects of fraxin, quercetin, and a combination of fraxin+quercetin (FQ) on lipopolysaccharide-induced mice. METHODS: Sixty mice were divided into six groups (n=10) as follows: control, LPS only, fraxin (120 mg/Kg), quercetin (100 mg/Kg), dexamethasone (5 mg/Kg), and FQ. All treatments were administered intraperitoneally (IP) one hour before induction by LPS (5 mg/Kg) IP injection...

Combination therapy is one of the promising approaches in developing therapeutics to cure complex diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In Thai traditional medicines, the clinical application often comprises multiple botanical drugs as a formulation. The synergistic interactions between botanical drugs in combination therapies are proposed to have several advantages, including increased therapeutic efficacy, and decreased toxicity and/or adverse effects. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic functions of a botanical hybrid preparation (BHP) of two botanical drugs within a traditional multi-herbal formulation...

The biochemical properties of 2,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHP) have not been extensively studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether DHP could alleviate inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and endotoxemia. The results indicated that DHP effectively reduced mortality and morphological abnormalities, restored heart rate, and mitigated macrophage and neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites in LPS-microinjected zebrafish larvae. Additionally, the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-12 (IL-12), was significantly reduced in the presence of DHP...

Interleukin (IL)-1β is an apex proinflammatory cytokine produced in response to tissue injury and infection. The output of IL-1β from monocytes and macrophages is regulated not only by transcription and translation but also post-translationally. Release of the active cytokine requires activation of inflammasomes, which couple IL-1β post-translational proteolysis with pyroptosis. Among inflammasome platforms, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human disorders in which disease-specific danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) are positioned to drive its activation...

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), an inflammatory disease, include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Dysregulated autoimmune response to gut dysbiosis is mainly involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and is triggered by various inciting environmental factors. With its rising prevalence in every continent, IBD has evolved into a global disease, which is on the rise, affecting people of all ages. There is a growing incidence of IBD in the elderly population, as evidenced by epidemiological data. IBD is characterized by an inflammatory process that requires a lifelong treatment...

INTRODUCTION: Recently, the use of botanicals as an alternative to coccidiostats has been an appealing approach for controlling coccidiosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of aqueous methanolic extract (200 mg/kg) of Krameria lappacea (roots) (KLRE) against infection induced by Eimeria papillata . METHODS: A total of 25 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups (I, II, III, IV, and V). On 1st day of the experiment, all groups except groups I (control) and II (non-infected-treated group with KLRE), were inoculated orally with 103 sporulated E...