neonatal aortic thrombosis

In a typical open-heart surgery, the blood flow through the aortic cannula is a critical element of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedure. Especially for the neonatal and pediatric CPB flow conditions, the need for small hydraulic diameter and large blood flow results confined turbulent jet flow regimes that exacerbate blood damage and platelet activation. Simultaneously, the confined jet wake leads to complex stagnation and recirculating flows that cause considerable thrombosis, blood and endothelial cell damage through the aorta...

Aortic arch thrombosis is an extremely rare but life-threatening diagnosis that is often misdiagnosed in the neonatal period. Strategies including surgical intervention, systemic anticoagulation, and thrombolysis have been previously described in the treatment of these neonates. We describe the case of a neonate who presented with concern for interrupted aortic arch and was diagnosed with an in utero aortic arch thrombosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case with evidence of aortic arch thrombosis in fetal life...

INTRODUCTION: The hybrid Norwood (HN) is a relatively new first stage palliative procedure for neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, in which a sustainable uni-ventricular circulation is established in a less invasive manner than with the standard Norwood procedure. A computational multiscale model of the circulation following the HN procedure was used to obtain detailed hemodynamics. Implementation of a reverse-BT shunt (RBTS), a synthetic bypass from the main pulmonary to the innominate artery placed to counteract aortic arch stenosis, and its effects on local and global hemodynamics were studied...

Thrombosis and systemic embolization are important complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We present a 2.5 kg neonate born at 37.4 weeks with hypoplastic left heart supported on ECMO that developed an acute, occlusive distal aortic thrombus that was emergently managed by transcatheter Angiojet® (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA) thrombectomy. The procedure successfully restored perfusion to the lower extremities with sustained result upon 1-week follow-up. This case highlights the Angiojet® thrombectomy as a treatment option for limb- or organ-threatening acute thrombus in even the most complex ECMO patients...

Neonatal aortic bifurcation thrombosis can cause occlusion of iliac arteries causing abnormal pelvic vasculature and claudication in childhood. A bifurcation graft normalizes the perfusion of the legs but not of the pelvis. In a girl, this does not preclude successful pregnancies in adult life. It has not been reported before.

The placenta is a complex organ that influences prenatal growth and development, and through fetal programming impacts postnatal health and well-being lifelong. Little information exists on placental pathology in the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD). Our objective is to characterize the placenta in CHD and investigate for distinctions based on type of malformation present. Placental pathology from singleton neonates prenatally diagnosed and delivered at > 37 weeks gestation was analyzed. Placental findings of absolute weight, placental weight-to-newborn birth weight ratio, chorangiosis, villus maturity, thrombosis, and infarction were recorded and analyzed based on four physiological categories of CHD: (1) single ventricle-aortic obstruction, (2) single ventricle-pulmonic obstruction, (3) two-ventricle anomalies, and (4) transposition of the great arteries (TGA)...

Objective  We study whether using an intra-aortic balloon (IAB) during cesarean hysterectomy decreases delivery morbidity in patients with suspected morbidly adherent placentation. Study Design  This is a retrospective cohort study of deliveries complicated by suspected abnormal placentation between 2009 and 2016 comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes with an IAB placed prior to cesarean hysterectomy versus no IAB. The primary outcome included quantified blood loss (QBL). Results  Thirty-five cases were reviewed, 16 with IAB and 19 without IAB...

Arterial thrombosis of the newborn is rare and associated with poor prognosis, often attributed to umbilical arterial catheterization. The aortic and spontaneous forms are exceptional. Its severity requires fast and effective treatment. Although therapeutic means are numerous, no consensus has been established to date although thrombolysis and heparin therapy appear to give good results depending on the site and extent of thrombosis. We report a case of extensive thrombosis of the abdominal aorta in a 5-day-old newborn, revealed by acute hypernatremic dehydration...

Extensive perinatal myocardial infarction caused by coronary artery thrombosis is extremely rare and has a dismal prognosis. We report a 3.5-kg neonate who presented at birth with an extensive myocardial infarction caused by aortic root and left main coronary artery thrombus after an emergency cesarean section. We performed emergency surgical thrombectomy and insertion of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. After subsequent conversion to long-term left ventricular assist device with an EXCOR device (Berlin Heart, Berlin, Germany), the patient had no ventricular recovery after 163 days of support...

In neonates requiring balloon aortic valvuloplasty, both anterograde and retrograde approaches are feasible. A recent comparison of these two approaches is lacking. A retrospective cohort study of neonates at a single center undergoing BAV from 9/00 to 7/14 was performed. Records were reviewed including pre- and post-intervention echocardiograms and catheterization data. Comparisons of acute efficacy and procedural safety were made based on type of approach utilized. Forty-two neonates underwent BAV. Eleven cases utilized exclusively an anterograde approach, while 31 included a retrograde approach (including 4 with both approaches used)...

BACKGROUND: Thrombosis in neonates is commonly a central venous access device (CVAD) associated complication. Furthermore, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is frequently seen in preterm infants. Even though a coincidence of both is not unusual, detaching of the thrombus and organisation of an aortic embolism has not been described until now. Treatment recommendations of CVAD-associated thrombosis in neonates do not consider frequently seen complications of preterm infants e.g. intraventricular haemorrhage...

The article reviews the intestinal ischemia theme on newborn and children. The intestinal ischemia may be either acute - intestinal infarction (by vascular obstruction or by reduced mesenteric blood flow besides the occlusive mechanism), either chronic. In neonates, acute intestinal ischemia may be caused by aortic thrombosis, volvulus or hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In children, acute intestinal ischemia may be caused by fibromuscular dysplasia, volvulus, abdominal compartment syndrome, Burkitt lymphoma, dermatomyositis (by vascular obstruction) or familial dysautonomia, Addison's disease, situs inversus abdominus (intraoperative), burns, chemotherapy administration (by nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia)...

Neonatal arterial thrombosis is unusual and generally associated with an arterial umbilical catheter. Spontaneous aortic thrombosis is exceptional but its severity is related to high mortality rate and renovascular morbidity. We report here the observation of a 10-day-old term infant showing a large abdominal aortic thrombosis revealed by cardiogenic shock induced by systemic arterial hypertension. The resolution was fast following anticoagulant and antihypertensive therapy. Etiologic investigations showed renal failure and moderate hyperhomocysteinemia controlled by a vitamin supplement...

Abdominal aortic thrombosis is a rare entity in neonates and has mostly been associated with umbilical artery or cardiac catheterization. We present a complicated case of an otherwise healthy neonate who developed thrombosis of abdominal aorta with renal failure. Therapy with intravenous heparin was unsuccessful, and thrombolysis was contraindicated because of disseminated intravascular coagulation so we decided to perform open thrombectomy using the left retroperitoneal approach. The following day, thrombosis recurred in the same extent and despite high risk of bleeding Alteplase was eventually given, which resulted in recanalization of the aorta 6 hours later...

Neonatal arterial thrombosis is a very rare entity with clinical findings resembling coarctation of aorta or interrupted aortic arch. A two day-old male newborn was admitted to a different hospital with difficulty in sucking and sleepiness. On echocardiographic examination, a diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch was made and he was treated with prostoglandin E2. When the patient presented to our center, physical examination revealed that his feet were bilaterally cold. The pulses were not palpable and there were ecchymotic regions in the lower extremities...

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Cardiac surgery during pregnancy is rarely required and potentially increases feto-maternal mortality. The study aim was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in females who underwent open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during pregnancy. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2014, a total of 16 pregnant women (mean age 27 ± 7 years; mean gestational age 13 ± 7.7 weeks) underwent urgent cardiac surgery using CPB. The preoperative diagnosis included prosthetic valve dysfunction in 12 women (five aortic, seven mitral), native valve endocarditis and critical aortic stenosis each in one woman, and intracardiac masses in two women...

Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of infant death in the United States with over 36,000 newborns affected each year. Despite this growing problem there are few mechanical circulatory support devices designed specifically for pediatric and neonate patients. Previous research has been done investigating pediatric ventricular assist devices (PVADs) assuming blood to be a Newtonian fluid in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, ignoring its viscoelastic and shear-thinning properties. In contrast to adult VADs, PVADs may be more susceptible to hemolysis and thrombosis due to altered flow into the aorta, and therefore, a more accurate blood model should be used...

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is the most common diagnosis among infants requiring cardiac extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in the neonatal period, with more than half of patients experiencing an ECLS-related complication. We present a case of nearly obstructing neoaortic thrombus during ECLS occurring in the early postoperative period after modified Norwood palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Stasis within the neoaortic root due to the increased ventricular afterload associated with venoarterial ECLS may have potentiated this complication...

The central aortic shunt, consisting of a Gore-Tex (polytetrafluoroethylene) tube (graft) connecting the ascending aorta to the pulmonary artery, is a palliative operation for neonates with cyanotic congenital heart disease. These tubes often have an extended length, and therefore must be angulated to complete the connection to the posterior pulmonary arteries. Thrombosis of the graft is not uncommon and can be life-threatening. We have shown that a viscous fluid (such as blood) traversing a curve or bend in a small-caliber vessel or conduit can give rise to marked increases in wall shear stress, which is the major mechanical factor responsible for vascular thrombosis...

The aortic thrombosis is not frequent during the neonatal period. The canalization of umbilical artery is the main risk factor. There are several options for the treatment, such as thrombolysis, thrombectomy and the anticoagulation, which are used in terms of the thrombosis localization and the symptoms that are observed. We present the case of a newborn who consulted for weak femoral pulses, coldness and poor perfusion of lower limbs. The aorta restriction was ruled out using the echocardiography; Doppler abdominal ecography showed aortic thrombosis at an underrenal level...