Particle disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating condition of relapsing and remitting inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional therapeutic approaches for IBD have shown limited efficacy and detrimental side effects, leading to the quest for novel and effective treatment options for the disease. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing processes from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These vesicles, known to carry bioactive components, are facsimiles of the parent bacterium and have been implicated in the onset and progression, as well as in the amelioration of IBD...

BACKGROUND: Using a multiple-measurement approach, we examined the real-world effectiveness of portable HEPA air filtration devices (air cleaners) in a school setting. METHODS: We collected data over 7 weeks during winter 2022/2023 in 2 Swiss secondary school classes: environmental (CO2 , particle concentrations), epidemiologic (absences related to respiratory infections), audio (coughing), and molecular (bioaerosol and saliva samples). Using a crossover design, we compared particle concentrations, coughing, and risk of infection with and without air cleaners...

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased cardiovascular risk compared with the general population, which is driven, at least in part, by mechanisms that are uniquely associated with kidney disease. In CKD, increased levels of oxidative stress and uraemic retention solutes, including urea and advanced glycation end products, enhance non-enzymatic post-translational modification events, such as protein oxidation, glycation, carbamylation and guanidinylation. Alterations in enzymatic post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and methylation are also detected in CKD...

The symptoms of tracheobronchial foreign body in the elderly are not typical, so they are often missed or misdiagnosed. This study aims to depict the clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial foreign body inhalation in the elderly. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of elder patients (age ≥ 65 years) diagnosed with tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies. The data included age, sex, clinical symptoms, type and location of foreign bodies, prehospital duration, Chest CT, bronchoscopic findings, and frequencies and tools for removing these elderly patients' tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies...

An improved understanding of the underlying physicochemical properties of respiratory aerosol that influence viral infectivity may open new avenues to mitigate the transmission of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Previous studies have shown that an increase in the pH of respiratory aerosols following generation due to changes in the gas-particle partitioning of pH buffering bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide is a significant factor in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. We show here that a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 aerostability results from a moderate increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (e...

BACKGROUND: This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS: This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. RESULTS: Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol...

Mercury is a well-recognized environmental contaminant and neurotoxin, having been associated with a number of deleterious neurological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease. To investigate how mercury and other metals behave in the brain, we used synchrotron micro-x-ray fluorescence to map the distribution pattern and quantify concentrations of metals in human brain. Brain tissue was provided by the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and samples originated from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and without cognitive impairment...

Autophagy is a cellular degradation system that recycles or degrades damaged organelles, viral particles, and aggregated proteins through the lysosomal pathway. Autophagy plays an indispensable role in cellular homeostasis and communication processes. An interesting aspect is that autophagy also mediates the secretion of cellular contents, a process known as secretory autophagy. Secretory autophagy differs from macroautophagy, which sequesters recruited proteins, organelles, or viral particles into autophagosomes and degrades these sequesters in lysosomes, while the secretory autophagy pathway participates in the extracellular export of cellular contents sequestered by autophagosomes through autophagy and endosomal modulators...

Herpetrione(HPE) is an effective compound that has been used in the treatment of liver diseases. To improve its dissolution and absorption, herpetrione nanosuspensions was prepared. Nanosuspensions were proved to achieve intact absorption in vivo. However, the transport mechanisms are not fully understood, especially lack of direct evidence of translocation of particulates. In this study, an environment-responsive dye, P4, was loaded into herpetrione amorphous nanoparticles (HPE-ANPs) to elucidate the absorption and transport mechanism of the nanoparticles...

Recent fresh produce outbreaks potentially associated with bioaerosol contamination from animal operations in adjacent land highlighted the need for further study to better understand the associated risk. The purpose of this research was to evaluate three sampling methods for quantifying target bacterial bioaerosols from animal operations. A dairy cattle and poultry farm located in Georgia, U.S. were visited six times each. Air was collected for 10 min using: 2-stage Andersen impactor with and without mineral oil overlay and impingement samplers...

Neutrophils play an essential role as 'first responders' in the immune response, necessitating many immune-modulating capabilities. Chronic, unresolved inflammation is heavily implicated in the progression and tissue-degrading effects of autoimmune disease. Neutrophils modulate disease pathogenesis by interacting with the inflammatory and autoreactive cells through effector functions, including signaling, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. Since the current gold standard systemic glucocorticoid administration has many drawbacks and side effects, targeting neutrophils in autoimmunity provides a new approach to developing therapeutics...

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and microstructural damage. Morinda Officinalis (MO) contains various components with anti-PMOP activities. Morinda Officinalis-derived extracellular vesicle-like particles (MOEVLPs) are new active components isolated from MO, and no relevant studies have investigated their anti-osteoporosis effect and mechanism. PURPOSE: To investigate the alleviating effect of MOEVLPs on PMOP and the underlying mechanism...

Human enteroviruses are the most common human pathogen with over 300 distinct genotypes. Previous work with poliovirus has suggested that it is possible to generate antibody responses in humans and animals that can recognize members of multiple enterovirus species. However, cross protective immunity across multiple enteroviruses is not observed epidemiologically in humans. Here we investigated whether immunization of mice or baboons with inactivated poliovirus or enterovirus virus-like-particles (VLPs) vaccines generates antibody responses that can recognize enterovirus D68 or A71...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two common conditions that are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this review, we aimed to provide an in-depth and contemporary review of non-invasive approaches to assess subclinical atherosclerotic burden, predict cardiovascular risk, and guide appropriate treatment strategies. We focused this paper on two main imaging modalities: coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and computed tomography coronary angiography...

HIV-1 has a broad range of nuanced interactions with the immune system, and the incorporation of cellular proteins by nascent virions continues to redefine our understanding of the virus-host relationship. Proteins located at the sites of viral egress can be selectively incorporated into the HIV-1 envelope, imparting new functions and phenotypes onto virions, and impacting viral spread and disease. Using virion capture assays and western blot, we show that HIV-1 can incorporate the myeloid antigen CD14 into its viral envelope...

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved in cholesterol transport and inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex and distinct from other components in the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on the 15 or so traditionally named "apo" lipoproteins. Important lipid metabolizing enzymes closely working with the apolipoproteins are also discussed...

Abstract The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus that causes high mortality in humans with a wide geographic range. This enveloped virus has a tri-segmented negative or ambisense RNA genome that harbors two surface glycoproteins (GP), Gn and Gc. The maturation of the Gn/Gc glycoprotein precursor complex takes place in the ER and is completed through the secretion pathway. Here, we aimed at characterizing the trafficking network exploited by CCHFV GPs during the stages of virus assembly, envelopment, and/or egress...

The respiratory disease of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc on the economy of every nation by infecting and killing millions of people. This deadly disease has taken a toll on the life of the entire human race, and an exact cure for it is still not developed. Thus, the control and cure of this disease mainly depend on restricting its transmission rate through early detection. The detection of coronavirus infection facilitates the isolation and exclusive care of infected patients. This research paper proposes a novel data mining system that combines the ensemble feature selection method and machine learning classifier for the effective identification of COVID-19 infection...

The incursion of low-cost sensors (LCS) for monitoring particulate matter in different fractions of particles (PM10 , PM2.5 , and PM1 ) allows the characterization of the concentration levels of specific sources or events, including the analysis of ultrafine fractions (PM1 ). Several studies have documented adverse effects on human health due to exposure to PM1 , such as morbidity and mortality from respiratory, cardiovascular, and, in some cases, carcinogenic diseases. Hence, studying the concentration levels and the sources that cause PM1 is imperative...

PURPOSE: Although ophthalmic viscosurgical devices are quite important for safe cataract surgery, currently, postoperative residual ophthalmic viscosurgical devices can cause various complications. Previously, we developed a method to visualize residual ophthalmic viscosurgical devices after irrigation/aspiration in vitro and found that the amount of residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device on a single-piece intraocular lens was greater than that on a three-piece intraocular lens. In the present study, we compared the amounts of residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device among various foldable intraocular lenses to investigate the factors that determine the quantity of residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device...