Nootropics

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of guayusa extract and Nordic Lion's Mane (LM) on cognition. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we examined the effects of a single dose of 650 mg guayusa extract (AMT: AmaTea® Max) vs. 1 g Nordic-grown Lion's Mane (LM) vs. placebo (PL). Participants attended three testing visits consisting of neuropsychological tests (Go/No-go, N-Back, and Serial 7 s tasks) assessing performance, subjective assessments of cognitive perception, and vital signs...

BACKGROUND: Myrtus communis L. (MC) has been used in Mesopotamian medicine. Here, the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory potential of its methyl alcohol extracts has been investigated and computationally dissected. METHOD: The ChE inhibition has been measured based on usual Ellman's colorimetric method compared to a canonical ChE inhibitor, eserine. Through a deep text mining, the structures of phytocompounds (= ligands) of MC were curated from ChemSpider, PubChem, and ZINC databases and docked into protein targets, AChE (PDB 1EVE) and BChE (PDB 1P0I) after initial in silico preparedness and binding affinity (BA; kcal/mol) reported as an endpoint...

Bacosides are the main biologically active components derived from the plant bacopa monnieri ( Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.), which has been used as a nootropic in Indian medicine for many centuries. In recent years, these compounds have attracted attention because of their wide range of neurobiological effects. The neuroprotective effects of bacosides on brain neurons under the influence of various damaging factors (neurotoxins, oxidative stress, beta-amyloid deposition, cigarette smoke, etc.) have been established...

This study assessed the acute effects of oral methylliberine (DynamineTM ) supplementation on cognitive function and indices of well-being. This was a double-blind, randomized, within-subject crossover trial. In total, 25 healthy men and women (33.5 ± 10.7 yr, 172.7 ± 8.6 cm, 73.3 ± 11.0 kg) underwent pretesting before ingesting methylliberine (100 mg) or a placebo (PLA) for 3 days. On the fourth day, the participants were tested before their fourth dose (baseline) and every hour post-ingestion for 3 h...

Sea fennel and seaside arrowgrass are two abundant but underutilized halophytes along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. This study investigated the antioxidant capacity and the potential antihypertensive (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I, ACE-I inhibition), hypoglycaemic (Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV, DPP-IV inhibition), and nootropic (Prolyl Endopeptidase, PEP inhibition) activity of their polyphenol extracts. They had a high phenol content (21-24 mEq GA/g), antioxidant capacity evaluated using the ABTS (17-2 mg ascorbic acid/g) and FRAP (170-270 mM Mohr's salt/g) assays, and effective ACE-inhibiting properties (80-90% inhibiting activity at final concentration of 0...

PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: Phenibut (4-amino-3-phenyl-butyric acid) is a structural analog of GABA with central nervous system depressant and anxiolytic properties, developed in the former Soviet Union for anxiety, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal. Its primary mechanism of action is believed to be a GABA-B receptor agonist-with high affinity at the α 2 δ subunit-containing voltage-dependent calcium channels and therefore gabapentinoid activity-as well as, to a lesser extent, GABA-A agonist activity...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the concept of, ethics surrounding, and arguments for and against cosmetic psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS: Cosmetic psychiatry may be defined as the science and practice of interventions that subjectively enhance the mental states of healthy people. Cosmetic medicine (including surgery) is a professionally and socially accepted part of contemporary medical practice; cosmetic psychiatry is not. Like cosmetic medicine, there are significant risks associated with cosmetic psychiatry...

Health concerns associated with the consumption of food supplements rise in parallel with the rise in the popularity and market availability of these products. In pursuit of data related to the unauthorized presence of pharmaceuticals in food supplements, the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database was searched for the 2011-2022 period. The most "popular" pharmaceuticals for the adulteration of food supplements were phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (235 records); anorexics and laxatives (76), including sibutramine and its active metabolite N-didesmethyl sibutramine, phenolphthalein and 2,4-dinitrophenol; stimulants, among which 1,3-dimethylamine (97), and synephrine (53) were the most numerous; nootropic drugs (24); anabolics and prohormones (16); and cannabinoid cannabidiol (14) (pending authorization as a novel food ingredient)...

This study aimed to analyze whether taurine has a nootropic effect on short-term and long-term memory in a model of sporadic dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Moreover, we evaluated the immunoreactivity and insulin receptor (IR) distribution and markers for neurons and glial cells in the hippocampus of rats with SDAT and treated with taurine. For this, Male Wistar rats received STZ (ICV, 3 mg/kg, bilateral, 5ul per site, aCFS vehicle) and were treated with taurine (100 mg/kg orally, 1 time per day, saline vehicle) for 25 days...

Metastable polymorphs are frequently used in oral solid dosage forms to enhance the absorption of poorly water-soluble drug compounds. However, the solid phase transformation from the metastable polymorph to the thermodynamically stable polymorph during manufacturing or storage poses a major challenge for product development and quality control. Here, we report that low-content organic acids can exhibit distinct effects on the solid-state polymorphic phase transformation of piracetam (PCM), a nootropic drug used for memory enhancement...

The transmission of acetylcholine (ACh) is critically important for memory, learning, and behaviour. The most promising approaches for the treatment of cholinergic dysfunction involve the enhancement of ACh via nootropic phytomolecules. In the same line, the present study identifies the active molecule Bakuchiol derived from Psoralea corylifolia . Bakuchiol demonstrated significant elevation of ACh transmission, reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and extension of lifespan. Further investigation indicated that modulation of mRNA expression of genes encoding choline transporter, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholine transporter as possible effectors of amassed neural transmission...

OBJECTIVE: Celebrity disclosure of medical conditions may lead to online searches into prevention and treatment. There are no studies examining this effect on dementia screening, prevention, and treatment and, if so, the effects' length. DATA SELECTION: Bruce Willis announced diagnoses of aphasia on 3/30/2022 and frontotemporal dementia on 2/16/2023. U.S. Google search trends (GT) from 3/1/2022-3/1/2023 were accessed for: Bruce Willis, aphasia, and dementia. Wikipedia Pageviews (WP) for 1-week before, week of, and 1-week after each announcement were accessed for: dementia, aphasia; neuropsychological test, neuroimaging; dementia prevention, brain training, nootropics; donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine...

The aging of the population and the associated increase in the share of cognitive impairments in the structure of a wide range of diseases are a serious challenge for modern healthcare. Difficulties in the treatment of cognitive disorders are determined by many factors, including the age of patients, comorbidity, forced polypragmasia and the adequacy of the dosage of drugs that restore cognitive activity. The experts discussed information about the therapeutic potential of the drug Cerebrolysin in the treatment of cognitive disorders of various origins, stated significant experience of its effective and safe use in many clinical studies in mild and moderate forms of dementia...

INTRODUCTION: Video games require precise motor skills, quick reaction times, and cognitive engagement. The tremendous growth of the electronic (e)-gaming industry has increased the demands for cognitive supplements (e.g., nootropics) to help e-athletes gain a competitive edge. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combined caffeine + TeaCrine + Dynamine measures of neurophysiological and first-person shooter game performance in e-gamers. METHODS: Using a randomized double-blinded, crossover design, we assessed the effects of an acute, single-dose treatment of caffeine (200 mg) vs...

Neurodegeneration, characterized by the progressive deterioration of neurons and glial cells, is a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aims to demonstrate that the onset and early progression of neurodegenerative processes in transgenic mice models of AD can be delayed by a cocktail of neurotrophic factors and derived peptides named Nosustrophine, a nootropic supplement made by a peptide complex extracted from the young porcine brain, ensuring neuroprotection and improving neuro-functional recovery...

PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: Phenibut (4-amino-3-phenyl-butyric acid) is a structural analog of GABA with central nervous system depressant and anxiolytic properties, developed in the former Soviet Union for anxiety, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal. Its primary mechanism of action is believed to be a GABA-B receptor agonist-with high affinity at the α2δ subunit-containing voltage-dependent calcium channels and therefore gabapentinoid activity-as well as, to a lesser extent, GABA-A agonist activity...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is used in food-additives, and the Food and Drug Administration has placed it under intense scrutiny following several reports that it causes glutamate neurotoxicity. Ashwagandha (ASH) roots are traditionally used for memory enhancement. This study aimed to evaluate the nootropic activity of ASH as well as its therapeutic anti-amnesic activity against MSG-induced hippocampal-dependent spatial memory impairment and hippocampal-NMDAR modulation...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Although the etiology of PD remains elusive, it has been hypothesized that initial dysregulation may occur in the gastrointestinal tract and may be accompanied by gut barrier defects. A strong clinical interest in developing therapeutics exists, including for the treatment of gut microbiota and physiology. We previously reported the impact of healthy fecal microbiota anaerobic cultures supplemented with nootropic herbs...

BACKGROUND: The primary phytoconstituents reported to have neuroprotective effects are flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Aerva persica roots are reported to be rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the nootropic potential of Aerva persica roots. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nootropic potential of Aerva persica roots against D-galactose-induced memory impairment. METHODS: In this study, the roots of Aerva persica were extracted with 70% ethanol...

<b/> Background: esports, or organized video game competitions, have been expanding quickly. The use of dietary supplements by esports players appears vulgarized but lacks supporting evidence. Objectives: To outline studies that tested the effects of dietary supplements on video gaming, summarize their findings, highlight knowledge gaps, and recommend future research. Eligibility criteria: Clinical trials published in English between 1990 and 2023 that assessed the effects of dietary supplements on the cognitive performance of video gamers...