wheezing in infant and children

Wheezing is a common and heterogeneous condition in preschool children. In some countries, the prevalence can be as high as 30% and up to 50% of all children experience wheezing before the age of 6. Asthma often starts with preschool wheeze, but not all wheezing children will develop asthma at school age. At this moment, it is not possible to accurately predict which wheezing children will develop asthma. Recently, studying the genetics of wheeze and the childhood-onset of asthma have grown in interest. Childhood-onset asthma has a stronger heritability in comparison with adult-onset asthma...

BACKGROUND: In young healthy children, assessing airflow limitation may be difficult because of narrowing of the airways, which is a pathology of asthma, and responsiveness to bronchodilators. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether lung sound analysis could predict the development of recurrent wheezing (RW), which is one of the signs of asthma. METHODS: In healthy children aged 3 to 24 months, we recorded and analyzed lung sounds before and after inhalation of bronchodilators and conducted a questionnaire survey...

BACKGROUND: Early life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a significant risk factor for childhood asthma. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that decreasing levels of airway matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 during RSV bronchiolitis may be associated with clinical benefits. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether azithromycin therapy during severe RSV bronchiolitis reduces upper airway MMP-9 levels, whether upper airway MMP-9 levels correlate with upper airway interleukin IL-8 levels, and whether MMP-9 level reduction is associated with reduced post-RSV recurrent wheeze (RW)...

BACKGROUND: Early identification of children at risk of asthma can have significant clinical implications for effective intervention and treatment. This study aims to disentangle the relative timing and importance of early markers of asthma. METHODS: Using the CHILD Cohort Study, 132 variables measured in 1754 multi-ethnic children were included in the analysis for asthma prediction. Data up to 4 years of age was used in multiple machine learning models to predict physician-diagnosed asthma at age 5 years...

BACKGROUND: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a known risk factor for a range of adverse outcomes, such as facial dysmorphism, adverse birth outcomes, and neurodevelopmental changes. Preclinical research shows that PAE also inhibits lung development, lowers surfactant protein expression, has detrimental effects on alveolar macrophages, and decreases both T and B cell numbers. However, clinical evidence of respiratory impacts from PAE is limited. This study explored whether lung function, wheeze, and incidence of respiratory infections differ in children with PAE compared with unexposed children...

Recurrent wheezing is very common in infants. When these symptoms appear early without a free interval, a pulmonary malformation should be investigated. Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare abnormality of the lower respiratory tract. Here, we report a case series of six cases of congenital lobar emphysema between 2015 and 2023. Clinical and radiological data were collected according to an operating sheet previously established in our pediatric pneumo-allergology unit. They all had recurrent wheezing and dyspnea...

INTRODUCTION: Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) has been decisive in exploring the mechanisms of IgE sensitization, but the predictive ability to detect asthma has not been addressed. We aim to develop and evaluate the performance of a personalized predictive algorithm for asthma that integrates information on allergic sensitization using CRD. METHODS: One thousand one hundred one twenty-five children from the Generation XXI birth cohort were randomly selected to perform a screening test for allergic sensitization and a subsample was characterized using CRD against 112 allergen components...

Viral infections are common in children. Many can be asymptomatic or have delayed health consequences. In view of increasing availability of point-of-care viral detection technologies, with possible application in newborn screening, this review aimed to (1) identify potentially asymptomatic viruses detectable in infants under one year old, via saliva/nasopharyngeal swab, and (2) describe associations between viruses and long-term health conditions. We systematically searched Embase(Ovid), Medline(Ovid) and PubMed, then further searched the literature in a tiered approach...

<b/>Subglottic cyst is a rare cause of laryngeal tinnitus in infants and young children, and only a few cases have been reported at home and abroad. In this paper, we report the clinical characteristics and treatment experience of three cases of subglottic cysts in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. All the 3 childrem were prematurechildren, with a history of tracheal intubation, and the main symptoms were coughing and wheezing.Electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy revealed spherical neoplasm under the glottis...

<b/>Laryngeal cyst is a cystic lesion occurring in the laryngeal cavity. Large laryngeal cyst in infants and young children can cause laryngeal wheezing and other upper airway obstruction symptoms. In severe cases, it can be even life-threatening and requires timely surgical treatment. Currently, there is a lack of unified clinical treatment strategy for this disease.This article summarizes the surgical methods, the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical methods for laryngeal cysts in recent years...

Objective: To analyze the clinical data of laryngeal airway diseases in infants and provide reference for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods: From June 2022 to August 2023, analyze the clinical data of 4 cases of children with laryngeal airway diseases recently admitted to Department of Otolaryngology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, and summarize the experience and lessons of diagnosis and treatment by consulting relevant literature. Results: Three cases had symptoms such as laryngeal wheezing, dyspnea, backward growth and development, etc...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With interventions to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection within reach, this review aims to provide healthcare professionals with the latest information necessary to inform parents and assess the potential impact of RSV prevention on everyday practice. We address frequently asked questions for parental counseling. RECENT FINDINGS: Numerous studies emphasize the major burden of RSV on young children, parents, healthcare and society...

Asthma is a common chronic airway disease in the world. Although the guidelines recommend the diagnostic criteria for asthma and have been widely used in clinical practice, the standardized asthma questionnaire is often recommended for prevalence surveys in large-scale epidemiological surveys of the population, because the standardized asthma questionnaire has the characteristics of high benefit, low cost and high response rate, and the results are also feasible for comparison between different populations or regions...

BACKGROUND: Interventions introduced to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 led to a widespread reduction in childhood infections. However, from spring 2021 onwards the United Kingdom and Ireland experienced an unusual out-of-season epidemic of respiratory disease. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study (BronchStart), enrolling children 0-23 months of age presenting with bronchiolitis, lower respiratory tract infection or first episode of wheeze to 59 Emergency Departments across England, Scotland and Ireland from May 2021 to April 2022...

BACKGROUND: Blood eosinophil count is a well-established biomarker of atopic diseases in older children and adults. However, its predictive role for atopic diseases in preschool children is not well established. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between blood eosinophil count in children and development of atopic diseases up to age 6 years. METHODS: We investigated blood eosinophil count at age 18 months and 6 years in relation to recurrent wheeze/asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization during the first 6 years of life in the two Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood cohorts (n = 1111)...

Wheezing is common among preschool children, representing a group of highly heterogeneous conditions with varying natural history. Several phenotypes of wheezing have been proposed to facilitate the identification of young children who are at risk of subsequent development of asthma. Epidemiological and immunological studies across different populations have revealed the key role of environmental factors in influencing the progression from preschool wheezing to childhood asthma. Significant risk factors include severe respiratory infections, allergic sensitization, and exposure to tobacco smoke...

Supplemental O2 remains a necessary intervention for many premature infants (<34 weeks gestation). Even moderate hyperoxia (<60% O2 ) poses a risk for subsequent airway disease, thereby predisposing premature infants to pediatric asthma involving chronic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway remodeling, and airflow obstruction. Moderate hyperoxia promotes AHR via effects on airway smooth muscle (ASM), a cell type that also contribute to impaired bronchodilation and remodeling (proliferation, altered extracellular matrix)...

RATIONALE: Idiopathic subglottic stenosis is a fibrotic condition of unknown origin that results in blockage of the central airway in the subglottic region. It is widely acknowledged that subglottic stenosis is a relatively uncommon structural anomaly that is difficult to operate on and cure due to its anatomical location. Inguinal hernias are well-established to be prevalent in infants and youngsters. We present a case of subglottic stenosis in a child complicated with an inguinal hernia (IH)...

BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting children's health, and recurrent wheezing in infants is closely related to childhood asthma. However, up to now, there is a lack of unified diagnostic criteria and interventions for recurrent wheezing in infants. By analyzing and discussing the risk factors of recurrent wheezing in infants and related intervention measures, we aim to take individualized treatment for different children and reduce the occurrence of recurrent wheezing in infants...

Asthma represents a chronic respiratory disease affecting millions of children worldwide. The transition from preschool wheezing to school-age asthma involves a multifaceted interplay of various factors, including immunological aspects in early childhood. These factors include complex cellular interactions among different immune cell subsets, induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and the molecular impact of environmental factors like allergens or viral infections on the developing immune system. Furthermore, the activation of specific genes and signalling pathways during this early phase plays a pivotal role in the manifestation of symptoms and subsequent development of asthma...