myocardic infarction

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrug, capecitabine, are commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for solid tumor management. While these agents can present with adverse side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and myelosuppression, they can also, less commonly, cause cardiovascular toxicity. This toxicity may manifest as cardiac arrhythmias, myocarditis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and even death. The management of 5-FU-related cardiotoxicity includes early recognition of symptom manifestation so that medication can be discontinued promptly and symptoms can be addressed appropriately...

BACKGROUND: Treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is rapidly evolving for patients with solid tumors. Following metastasectomy, TILs (autologous, intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with the potential to recognize tumor-associated antigens) are isolated and non-specifically expanded ex vivo in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Subsequently, the TILs are adoptively transferred to the patients after a preconditioning non-myeloablative, lymphodepleting chemotherapy regimen, followed by administration of high-dose (HD) IL-2...

BACKGROUND: A deep learning (DL) model that automatically detects cardiac pathologies on cardiac MRI may help streamline the diagnostic workflow. To develop a DL model to detect cardiac pathologies on cardiac MRI T1-mapping and late gadolinium phase sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequences were used. METHODS: Subjects in this study were either diagnosed with cardiac pathology (n = 137) including acute and chronic myocardial infarction, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or classified as normal (n = 63)...

Radiological heart damage (RIHD) is damage caused by unavoidable irradiation of the heart during chest radiotherapy, with a long latency period and a progressively increasing proportion of delayed cardiac damage due to conventional doses of chest radiotherapy. There is a risk of inducing diseases such as acute/chronic pericarditis, myocarditis, delayed myocardial fibrosis and damage to the cardiac conduction system in humans, which can lead to myocardial infarction or even death in severe cases. This paper details the pathogenesis of RIHD and gives potential targets for treatment at the molecular and cellular level, avoiding the drawbacks of high invasiveness and immune rejection due to drug therapy, medical device implantation and heart transplantation...

Management of patients with acute chest pain poses a significant challenge in identifying those requiring urgent coronary reperfusion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) constitutes the cornerstone in making prompt clinical decisions by identifying ST-segment elevation, commonly associated with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. It is important to note that ST-segment elevation can also be a manifestation of various cardiac and non-cardiac conditions, from acute myocarditis, early repolarization syndrome, acute pericarditis, and left bundle branch block to unknown origins...

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the effect of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy on cardiac-related adverse events in patients with advanced or metastatic lung cancer. METHODS: We conducted a detailed search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochran, and Embase for articles on the application of immunotherapy for lung cancer and report cardiac-related adverse events with respect to myocardial ischemia, pericardial effusion, myocarditis, and electrophysiology. The dichotomous variables were assessed by relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)...

INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination can both lead to serious cardiac conditions such as myocarditis, arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction, and coagulopathy. Further studies are needed to better understand the risks and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, and to determine the best course of action for individuals with preexisting heart conditions. AREAS COVERED: The current knowledge and challenges in understanding vaccine-associated heart issues concerning the COVID-19 pandemic are briefly summarized, highlighting similar cardiac conditions caused by either SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination and the potential clinical impacts...

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and it's of great importance to understand its underlying mechanisms and find new treatments. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an active lipid that exerts its effects through S1P receptors on the cell surface or intracellular signal, and regulates many cellular processes such as cell growth, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell survival, and so on. S1PR modulators are a class of modulators that can interact with S1PR subtypes to activate receptors or block their activity, exerting either agonist or functional antagonist effects...

INTRODUCTION: Post-infarction ventricular septal defect (PIVSD) is one of the most serious mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Over the last decade, percutaneous closure is increasingly undertaken, with results similar to cardiac surgery. We present a case of ST-elevated anterior AMI, complicated by apical PIVSD successfully treated with transcatheter closure. CASE REPORT: An 83-year-old man was hospitalized for chest pain occurred 18 hours before, during the night time...

Patients with COVID-19 often experience significant cardiovascular complications, including heart failure, myocarditis, and acute coronary syndrome. We present the case of a male patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, complicated with inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which was attributed to spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). We also make a review of the literature on case reports of patients with COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction due to SCAD. Through these clinical cases, a potential correlation between SCAD and COVID-19 infection is implied...

Nivolumab can cause fatal myocarditis. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of nivolumab-induced myocarditis and provide evidence for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Studies involving nivolumab-induced myocarditis were identified in electronic databases from 2000 to 2023 for retrospective analysis. A total of 66 patients were included, with a median age of 68 years. The median onset time of myocarditis is 11.5 days. The main organs affected in persons presented with myocarditis are heart (100...

IMPORTANCE: Despite widespread immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), safety concerns remain owing to a lack of statistical power and largely outdated evidence. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between cardiovascular, neurological, and immunological adverse events and PPSV23 vaccination in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based cohort study using a self-controlled risk interval design used a large linked database created by linking the Korea Immunization Registry Information System and the National Health Information Database (2018 to 2021)...

BACKGROUND: cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which encompass heart and blood vessel issues, stand as the leading cause of global mortality for many people. METHODS: the present study intends to perform discrimination between seven well-known CVDs (bundle branch block, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, and dysrhythmia) and one healthy control group, respectively, by feeding a set of machine learning (ML) models with 10 non-linear features extracted every 1 s from electrocardiography (ECG) lead signals of a well-known ECG database (PTB diagnostic ECG database) using multi-band analysis performed by discrete wavelet transform (DWT)...

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial injury is a common diagnosis in the emergency department and differential diagnoses are numerous. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) strain sequences like fSENC are early predictors of myocardial function loss. This study assessed the potential diagnostic and prognostic benefits of a layer-specific approach. METHODS: For this prospective study patients in the emergency department fulfilling rule-in criteria for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) received an ultra-fast fSENC CMR...

Vitamin D hormone is an important regulator of various physiological functions, and its deficiency is characterized by an imbalance in parathyroid hormone and calcium homeostasis. The role of vitamin D in cardiovascular physiology is well demonstrated in animal and humanbased studies. In this context, hyperlipidemia, increased atherogenic plaques, cardiac inflammation, hypertension, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure are some of the commonest known conditions connected with vitamin D deficiency...

Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease (CVD) who experience cardiovascular complications or have pre-existing cardiovascular disease are at an increased risk of death. The primary heart-related consequences associated with COVID-19 encompass venous thromboembolism, shock, heart failure, arrhythmias, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, and acute cardiac damage. The coronavirus has the potential to induce cardiovascular complications or exacerbate pre-existing CVD through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; direct viral toxicity; damage to endothelial cells; formation of blood clots and subsequent inflammation, a phenomenon known as thromboinflammation; an excessive immune response known as cytokine storm; and an imbalance between the demand and supply of oxygen in the body...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Observational studies have shown that obesity considerably affects the cardiovascular system. Thus we conducted this Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal effect of childhood obesity on heart failure (HF) and its risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: We obtained genetic instruments from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that investigated childhood obesity, HF, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), valvular heart disease, myocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperthyroidism...

Cardiovascular disease has become a major cause of death worldwide. Myocardial injury (MI) caused by myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and drug overdose can lead to impaired cardiac function, culminating in serious consequences such as angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Exosomes exhibit high biocompatibility and target specificity, rendering them an important non-cellular therapy for improving MI. Exosomes are diminutive vesicles that encapsulate nucleic acids and proteins. Exosomes derived from cardiac stem cells themselves have therapeutic effects, and they can also serve as carriers to deliver therapeutic drugs to recipient cells, thereby exerting a therapeutic effect...

Myocarditis due to Graves` disease is rare and has a clinical presentation that mimics acute coronary syndrome. In this case report, a 50-year-old woman was admitted with a clinical presentation of very high-risk non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, new-onset atrial fibrillation, and acute heart failure. Normal coronary angiography and the presence of intra-myocardial late gadolinium enhancement based on cardiac MRI led to the diagnosis of myocarditis. The presence of thyroid nodules and elevated thyrotropin receptor antibodies indicated Graves` disease as the underlying cause of myocarditis...

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a unique disorder that manifests as an acute myocardial infarction clinically without overt coronary arteries obstruction on angiography. Herein, we report a 17-year-old male presented with a chest pain occurring 3 hours before admission and fever lasting for 2 days. Electrocardiogram examination showed ST elevation in lead II, III, aVF and V3-V6. Laboratory tests results showed a normal leukocyte level of 9850/µL, an elevated troponin of 3...