Inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by relapsing and remitting inflammation that leads to progressive bowel damage. Despite advances in medical treatment for CD, many patients require surgical intervention. Most studies of surgery rates are from patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) treatments, with comparatively little data on the surgery rates of patients treated with vedolizumab and ustekinumab. SOJOURN aimed to estimate the hazard rate and incidence of the first CD-related surgery following initiation of treatment with vedolizumab or ustekinumab in biologic-naïve patients with CD...

The composition and function of microbes harbored in the human gastrointestinal lumen have been underestimated for centuries because of the underdevelopment of nucleotide sequencing techniques and the lack of humanized gnotobiotic models. Now, we appreciate that the gut microbiome is an integral part of the human body and exerts considerable roles in host health and diseases. Dietary factors can induce changes in the microbial community composition, metabolism, and function, thereby altering the host immune response, and consequently, may influence disease risks...

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at substantially high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). IBD-associated CRC accounts for roughly 10% to 15% of the annual mortality in patients with IBD. IBD-related CRC also affects younger patients compared with sporadic CRC, with a 5-y survival rate of 50%. Regardless of medical therapies, the persistent inflammatory state characterizing IBD raises the risk for precancerous changes and CRC, with additional input from several elements, including genetic and environmental risk factors, IBD-associated comorbidities, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbiota modifications...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: In peripheral blood, DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in inflammatory bowel disease patients reflect inflammatory status rather than disease status. Here, we examined DNAm in diseased rectal mucosa from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, focusing on constituent cell types with the goal of identifying therapeutic targets for UC other than the immune system. We profiled DNAm of rectal mucosal biopsies of pediatric UC at diagnosis (n = 211) and non-IBD control (n = 85) patients and performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of specific cell types to understand DNAm changes in epithelial, immune and fibroblast cells across disease states, course, and clinical outcomes...

The gut microbiome consists of more than thousand different microbes and their associated genes and microbial metabolites. It influences various host metabolic pathways and is therefore important for homeostasis. In recent years, its influence on health and disease was extensively researched. In case of a microbiome disequilibrium called dysbiosis, the gut microbiome is associated with several diseases. Consequent chronic inflammation may lead to or promote inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and other diseases...

Many microplastics and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) exist in the daily environment. The intestinal impact of these exogenous fine particles on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) people may be unpredictable. In this paper, we reviewed the recent progress in the effect of microplastics and ENMs on IBD individuals. We also compared and summarized the various roles of microplastics and ENMs in healthy and IBD bodies, including factors such as particle size, particle properties, intestinal microenvironment, interaction with the intestinal barrier, and molecular mechanism...

Intestinal vascular impairment is critical to the recovery of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and targeting vascular endothelial cells is a promising emerging therapeutic option. Considering the natural homing properties of platelets to activated vascular endothelium, platelet membrane-mimetic nanoparticles are expected to achieve precise treatment of IBD. Patchouli alcohol (PA) has proven efficacy in experimental colitis, yet its pharmacochemical properties require improvement to enhance efficacy. The rationale for targeting vascular lesions in IBD was analyzed by network pharmacology, and PA-affecting pathways were predicted...

OBJECTIVES: Paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) increases the risk of developing several different cancer forms. In this case-control study, we aimed to assess the impact of medical treatment and disease activity on the risk of developing disease-associated cancer (DAC) and treatment-associated cancer (TAC). METHODS: In a previous study, we identified 27 cases of DAC (colorectal cancer, small bowel cancer and cholangiocarcinoma) and 28 TAC (lymphoma and skin cancer) in 6,689 patients with pIBD in Denmark and Finland during the period 1992-2015...

INTRODUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease with rising incidence and unclear etiology. Deep molecular phenotyping by multi omics analyses may provide novel insights into disease processes and characteristic features of remission states. METHODS: UC pathomechanisms were assessed by proteome profiling of human tissue specimen, obtained from five distinct colon locations for each of the 12 patients included in the study. Systemic disease-associated alterations were evaluated thanks to a cross-sectional setting of mass spectrometry-based multi-omics analyses comprising proteins, metabolites and eicosanoids of plasma obtained from UC patients during acute episodes and upon remission in comparison to healthy controls...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC), up to 16% of patients develop Crohn's disease of the pouch (CDP) which is a major cause of pouch failure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify preoperative characteristics and risk factors for CDP development following IPAA. METHODS: A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCare and CINAHL databases was performed for studies that reported data on predictive characteristics and outcomes of CDP development in patients who underwent IPAA for UC between January 1990 and August 2022...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to estimate the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with biologic therapies and small molecules. METHODS: Databases were searched up to July 2022 to identify eligible studies that assessed the risk of MACEs in patients (age ≥18 years) with IBD treated with treated with biologic therapies and small molecules. Primary outcome was the rate of MACEs observed in patients receiving biologic or small molecules therapies during induction and maintenance phases of RCTs...

The inflammasome regulates innate immunity by serving as a signaling platform. The Nod‑like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, equipped with NLRP3, the adaptor protein apoptosis‑associated speck‑like protein (ASC) and pro‑caspase‑1, is by far the most extensively studied and well‑characterized inflammasome. A variety of stimuli can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. When activated, the NLRP3 protein recruits the adaptor ASC protein and activates pro‑caspase‑1, resulting in inflammatory cytokine maturation and secretion, which is associated with inflammation and pyroptosis...

INTRODUCTION: Pain is one of the most substantial factors responsible for lowering quality of life in patients with intestinal diseases. Its multifactorial pathogenesis makes intestinal pain difficult to manage with currently available medications, especially considering the risk of serious adverse effects and exacerbation of underlying disease. AREAS COVERED: The most commonly administered drugs in intestinal pain are medications forming the so-called analgesic ladder, which act directly on pain sensation: acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids in full range of activity strength...

BACKGROUND: Survey studies have found an increased prevalence of migraine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the clinical characteristics of migraines in this population are unknown. We conducted a retrospective medical record review study to characterize migraines in the IBD population. METHODS: Six hundred seventy-five migraine patients (280 with IBD, 395 without IBD) who were evaluated at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Mayo Clinic Arizona, or Mayo Clinic Florida between July 2009 and March 2021 were included...

INSTRUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) can cause a variety of immune-mediated intestinal dysfunctions and is a significant model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colorectal cancer (CRC) mostly occurs in patients with ulcerative colitis. Cuproptosis is a type of procedural death that is associated with different types of diseases to various degrees. METHODS: We used a combination of bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification to study the correlation between copper poisoning and UC...

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a vital immunomodulator that plays critical roles in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling. Stimulated NOD1 and NOD2 interact with RIPK2 and lead to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), followed by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12/23. Defects in NOD/RIPK2 signaling are associated with numerous inflammatory diseases, including asthma, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), multiple sclerosis, and Blau syndrome...

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have indicated associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the causal associations of IBD with PD and other selected neurodegenerative disorders using updated data. METHODS: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization studies using genome-wide association studies summary statistics of IBD and PD. RESULTS: We found a lack of evidence for the causal association of IBD on PD (odds ratio [OR], 1...

Many patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgical intervention during their lifetime. A correct preoperative assessment of the intestinal length is necessary to predict and quickly treat postoperative nutritional disorders. The aim of this paper is to explain the method used in our hospital to measure intestinal length in patients with CD and its usefulness for making the correct therapeutic decision. Vessel analysis software is used to measure small bowel length through computed tomography enterography (CTE) or magnetic resonance enterography (MRE)...