Urinary sodium potassium ratio AND hypertension

Objective　The Kawagoe City Public Health Center implemented a project to reduce salt intake through specific food service facility guidance in workplace cafeterias. Here, we report the study results.Methods　The target worksite was company A, with approximately 270 employees, located in Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture. There were 214 participants (approximately 80%). The project was conducted from November 2019 to November 2021. The long-term goal was to decrease the number of hypertensive cases in the city...

The Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, with its low sodium and high potassium content, acts like a diuretic by reducing sodium reabsorption in the kidney's distal convoluted tubule but without the side effects. Previous studies based on animal models didn't explore changes in human ion channel proteins. Recent insights into urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) suggest they reflect kidney tissue and physiological modifications. In our inpatient study, we shifted hypertensive volunteers from an American diet to the DASH diet, examining changes in those with stage 1 untreated hypertension...

Effective and feasible educational methods are needed to control salt intake. We performed a single-center, non-randomized controlled study to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of self-monitoring using a urinary sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio-measuring device in patients with difficulty in reducing salt intake. This study included 160 patients with hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or heart disease who were followed up in the outpatient clinic of the Dokkyo Medical University Nikko Medical Center...

UNLABELLED: A large proportion of patients with low-renin hypertension (LRH) correspond to primary aldosteronism (PA). However, some of these subjects have low to normal aldosterone. Since low renin is driven by excessive mineralocorticoids or glucocorticoids acting on mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), we hypothesize that a low-cortisone condition, associated classically with 11βHSD2 deficiency, is a proxy of chronic MR activation by cortisol, which can also lead to low renin, elevated blood pressure, and renal and vascular alterations...

Patients with primary aldosteronism have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The response to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists varies among individuals, indicating diverse mineralocorticoid receptor activities in these patients. This study explored the factors linked to the efficacy of blood pressure reduction through mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with primary aldosteronism. We examined the relationship between the reduction in blood pressure and patient characteristics in a group of 41 patients with primary aldosteronism (24 males, mean age 55 ± 13 years, including 34 patients diagnosed with bilateral primary aldosteronism) before and after undergoing treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists...

OBJECTIVE: While diet plays a key role in CKD management, the potential for diet to impact CKD prevention in the general population is less clear. Using a priori knowledge, we derived disease-related dietary patterns (DPs) through reduced rank regression (RRR) and investigated associations with kidney function, separately focusing on generally healthy individuals and those with self-reported kidney diseases, hypertension or diabetes mellitus. METHODS: 8,686 participants from the population-based Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study were split into a group free of kidney disease, hypertension and diabetes (n=6,133) and a group with any of the three conditions (n=2,553)...

Risk factors for hypertension have been emphasized in the Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. However, large-scale studies on the association of smoking, potassium excretion, and gamma-glutamyl transferase level with BP in the Japanese population are limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the association between hypertension risk factors and systolic blood pressure in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study (23,446 men and 38,921 women aged ≥20 years)...

Introduction Subclinical kidney dysfunction may contribute to salt sensitive hypertension. We assessed the association between the urinary sodium-potassium ratio (Na/K-ratio) and blood pressure (BP) in a general population cohort without diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease or treated hypertension. We investigated whether any such association was mediated by the kidney function markers measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR), urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and epidermal growth factor - creatinine ratio (EGF-Cr)...

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Excessive salt intake is one of the causes of hypertension, and reducing salt intake is important for managing the risk of hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular events. Esaxerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, has the potential to exert an antihypertensive effect in hypertensive patients with excessive salt intake, but evidence is still lacking, especially in clinical settings. We aimed to determine if baseline sodium/potassium ratio and baseline estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion can predict the antihypertensive effect of esaxerenone in patients with essential hypertension inadequately controlled with an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) or a calcium channel blocker (CCB)...

Hypertension is the greatest and the most preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Excessive sodium (Na) intake and insufficient potassium (K) intake have been identified as risk factors for hypertension. Socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to diet quality. In Japan, few studies have examined the relationship between urinary Na and K excretion and SES in adults, and there are no studies in children. In 2014, 1944 children (1382 households) in all public elementary schools in Yaese town, Okinawa, Japan were recruited to participate in a study...

The spot urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is a simple measure of salt loading and has been shown to be associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) in middle-aged and older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the spot urinary Na/K ratio and BP in 457 healthy adolescents aged 12-15 years in a school-based setting. The mean urinary Na/K ratio was 4.99 ± 2.76, and no significant difference was found between the boys and girls. When the participants were stratified based on urinary Na/K ratio quartile, age- and sex-adjusted systolic and diastolic BP gradually increased as Na/K ratio increased (systolic BP: 106...

We have previously shown that an excess of deoxycorticosterone acetate and high sodium chloride intake (DOCA/salt) in one-renin gene mice induces a high urinary Na/K ratio, hypokalemia, and cardiac and renal hypertrophy in the absence of hypertension. Dietary potassium supplementation prevents DOCA/salt-induced pathological processes. In the present study, we further study whether DOCA/salt-treated mice progressively develop chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney and whether dietary potassium supplementation can reduce the DOCA/salt-induced renal pathological process...

INTRODUCTION: Empowerment lifestyle programs are needed to reduce the risk of hypertension. Our study compared the effectiveness of two empowerment-based approaches toward blood pressure (BP) reduction: salt reduction-specific program vs. healthy lifestyle general program. METHODS: Three hundred and eleven adults (median age of 44 years, IQR 34-54 years) were randomly assigned to a salt reduction ( n  = 147) or a healthy lifestyle program ( n  = 164)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The early identification of modifiable risk factors is important for preventing kidney stones but determining causal associations can be difficult with epidemiological data. We aimed to genetically assess the causality between modifiable factors (lifestyle factors, serum parameters, and metabolic comorbidities) and the risk of kidney stones. Additionally, we aimed to explore the causal impact of education on kidney stones and its potential mediating pathways...

INTRODUCTION: The EAGLE-DH study assessed the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. METHODS: In this multicenter, open-label, prospective, interventional study, esaxerenone was started at 1.25 or 2.5 mg/day and could be gradually increased to 5 mg/day on the basis of blood pressure (BP) and serum potassium levels. Oral hypoglycemic or antihypertensive medications prior to obtaining consent was continued...

BACKGROUND: Japanese people traditionally consume high quantities of salt. This study aimed to investigate the effects of educating patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on simple methods for reducing their daily dietary salt intake. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective observational study included 115 outpatients with CKD at Kawashima Hospital (Tokushima, Japan). One physician routinely recommended that patients should reduce their salt intake and provided tips for salt restriction...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as well as end-stage kidney disease. Increased dietary sodium (Na) or decreased dietary potassium (K) deteriorates kidney function; however, findings regarding the association of dietary Na/K ratio with kidney function are limited and conflicting. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of urinary Na/K ratio on the development of CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1...

BACKGROUND: AngII (angiotensin II)-dependent hypertension causes comparable elevations of blood pressure (BP), aldosterone levels, and renal ENaC (epithelial Na+ channel) activity in male and female rodents. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism has a limited antihypertensive effect associated with insufficient suppression of renal ENaC in male rodents with AngII-hypertension. While MR blockade effectively reduces BP in female mice with salt-sensitive and leptin-induced hypertension, MR antagonism has not been studied in female rodents with AngII-hypertension...

Higher salt (sodium) intake has been associated with higher blood pressure (BP). The degree of association may be influenced by factors such as age, origin, and dietary components. This study aimed to evaluate the 24 h urinary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) excretion in normotensive and hypertensive Dominican adults and estimate their salt intake. 163 volunteers (18-80 years old) participated in a cross-sectional study. The 24 h Na and K urinary excretion were measured using an ion-selective electrode technique...