Medullary thyroid cancer type g

CONTEXT: Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) occurs in 50% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). It is unknown if the presence of PHEO is associated with more aggressive medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with MEN2 PHEO and evaluate whether PHEO impacts MTC overall survival in patients with RET codon 634 mutations. DESIGN: We performed a retrospective chart review of MEN2 patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1960 through 2012...

A diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma is often morphologically straight-forward; however, the tumor site of origin may remain elusive in a metastatic presentation. Neuroendocrine tumor subtyping has important implications for staging and patient management. In this study, the novel use and performance of a 92-gene molecular cancer classifier for determination of the site of tumor origin are described in a series of 75 neuroendocrine tumors (44 metastatic, 31 primary; gastrointestinal (n=12), pulmonary (n=22), Merkel cell (n=10), pancreatic (n=10), pheochromocytoma (n=10), and medullary thyroid carcinoma (n=11))...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to preoperatively diagnose medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) among multiple international centers and evaluate how the cytological diagnosis alone could impact patient management. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of sporadic MTC (sMTC) patients from 12 institutions over the last 29 years. FNAB cytology results were compared to final pathologic diagnoses to calculate FNAB sensitivity...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the global patterns of aberrant DNA methylation in thyroid cancer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We have used DNA methylation arrays to determine, for the first time, the genome-wide promoter methylation status of papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid tumors. RESULTS: We identified 262 and 352 hypermethylated and 13 and 21 hypomethylated genes in differentiated papillary and follicular tumors, respectively...

BACKGROUND: There has been considerable difference in the mode of the imaging procedure and approach for the workup and post-surgery surveillance of thyroid cancer. Determination of serum thyroglobulin is recommended in the follow-up for monitoring the patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Herein, the precise clinical role of individual imaging modalities is discussed, including ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and scintigraphic procedures for the diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic thyroid cancer...

BACKGROUND: Locally or widely metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is difficult to treat, and therapeutic options are limited. Recently, kinase inhibitors have shown partial efficacy in this cancer, but there is a continued need for the development of novel therapeutics. Within this context, the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been implicated in several types of human tumors, and early clinical trials with Hh antagonists have validated Hh as a novel therapeutic target. For the first time, we evaluated Hh pathway activity in MTC, and examined the effect of Hh pathway perturbation in highly characterized MTC cell lines...

BACKGROUND: We investigated the incidence and impact of postoperative complications in children who underwent total thyroidectomy (TTx). METHODS: The records of all pediatric patients undergoing TTx (2001-2011) at our institution were retrospectively reviewed for the occurrence of biochemical hypothyroidism (thyroid-stimulating hormone >10 mIU/mL), laboratory assessments, and medication nonadherence. RESULTS: The 74 patients (median age, 12...

Cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors are overexpressed in several human tumor types, such as medullary thyroid carcinomas and small cell lung cancers. Several ligands for the CCK2 receptor (CCK2R) have been developed for radionuclide targeting of these tumors. In this study, we evaluated whether radiolabeled DOTA-sCCK8 and its stabilized derivative, DOTA-sCCK8[Phe(2)(p-CH2SO3H), Nle(3,6)], are suitable for imaging of CCK2R-positive tumors, using DOTA-MG0 as a reference. In vivo targeting of CCK2R-positive tumors with DOTA-sCCK8, DOTA-sCCK8[Phe(2)(p-CH2SO3H), Nle(3,6)], and DOTA-MG0, labeled with (111)In or (68)Ga, was evaluated in BALB/c nude mice with a subcutaneous A431-CCK2R tumor...

BACKGROUND: American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines suggest that thyroidectomy can be delayed in some children with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome 2A (MEN2A) if serum calcitonin (Ct) and neck ultrasonography (US) are normal. We hypothesized that normal US would not exclude a final pathology diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). METHODS: We retrospectively queried a MEN2A database for patients aged<18 years, diagnosed through genetic screening, who underwent preoperative US and thyroidectomy at our institution, comparing preoperative US and Ct results with pathologic findings...

Receptor targeting with radiolabeled peptides has become an important topic, particularly in nuclear oncology. Strong research efforts are under way in radiopharmaceutical science laboratories and in nuclear medicine departments in Europe. The target receptors belong to the large family of G-protein-coupled receptors. The prototypes of these radiopeptides are based on analogs of somatostatin targeting somatostatin receptor-positive tumors, particularly well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. These radiopeptides have an important impact not only on diagnosis but also on targeted radionuclide therapy of these tumors...

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in adults. The disease is classified into papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic types, each with characteristic histology and patterns of biological behavior. Diagnosis of thyroid cancer is usually made by needle aspiration of suspicious thyroid nodules. Disease management of well-differentiated thyroid cancer relies upon characteristic accumulation of radioisotopes of iodine that continues to play a central role in detection and treatment of disease...

CONTEXT: Circulating adiponectin has been inversely associated with risk for several malignancies. Its association with thyroid cancer has not yet been evaluated. OBJECTIVE/METHODS: We measured circulating adiponectin levels in 175 thyroid carcinoma patients and 107 controls. We also examined the expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) using immunohistochemistry in 82 thyroid carcinoma tissues and using RT-qPCR in 40 human thyroid carcinoma tissues (32 papillary, six follicular/Hurthle, one anaplastic, one medullary), four normal human thyroid tissue specimens, and the BHP7 and SW579 thyroid cancer cell lines...

Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, which has been demonstrated to induce anti-tumour effects in different types of neuroendocrine tumours, has never been evaluated in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of everolimus in combination with octreotide in MTC. Two patients with progressive metastatic MTC and high calcitonin levels were treated with everolimus 5-10 mg/day. Both patients were under treatment with octreotide LAR at the study entry...

Malignant tumours specific for the thyroid gland originate from either the follicular cells (papillary, follicular undifferentiated carcinomas) or the parafollicular C-cell system (medullary carcinomas). Regarding the follicle derived carcinomas, various types of data indicate that radiation exposure, for example therapeutic radiation given to children for benign disorders in the head and neck area, is an important risk factor. Dietary components may also be relevant. The marked female predominance. which is not specific for malignant tumours, is probably the result of hormonal cofactors and differences in growth promotion of early lesions (microcarcinomas)...

UNLABELLED: The RET proto-oncogene (REarranged during Transfection; RET) plays an important role in the causation of many thyroid tumours. Germline RET proto-oncogene missense mutations have been clearly linked to medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and the inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2A, MEN2B). METHODS: We investigated a cohort of MEN2-related patients referred to Tygerberg Hospital, W Cape (2003-2009). The study cohort was divided into three groups based on pathology (viz...

CONTEXT: Medullary and papillary thyroid carcinoma (MTC and PTC) are two types of thyroid cancer that can originate from activating mutations or rearrangements in the RET gene. Therapeutic options are limited in recurrent disease, but because RET is a tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor involved in cellular growth and proliferation, treatment with a TK inhibitor might be promising. Several TK inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials, but it is unknown which inhibitor is most effective and whether there is any specificity for particular RET mutations...

BACKGROUND: RET germline mutations predispose to the development of inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). Several variants of the RET proto-oncogene including G691S and S904S have been suggested to act as genetic modifiers at the age of onset ofMEN2. AIM: The aim of this study is to characterize clinically and molecularly 7 Cypriot patients with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) and 1 with MEN2A and also to determine the allelic frequencies of the RET variants G691S and S904S...

BACKGROUND: In 2009, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) published consensus guidelines for timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy (PrThy) for treatment of hereditary medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). The aim of this study was to assess whether the clinical guidelines outlined in the ATA recommendations added to the specific mutation risk level could predict the presence of MTC on final pathology. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of patients undergoing PrThy...

The aim of this study was to define, retrospectively, the utility to perform (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide ((99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC) scan in patients with NET. We studied 50 consecutive patients affected by different types of NET and divided in two groups. Group 1: 34 patients with known lesions in which (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC was performed for staging, characterisation or to choose the appropriate treatment. Group 2: 16 patients suspected of having NET or in follow up after surgery. Patients were injected with 370 MBq of (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide and whole-body and SPET images acquired 2-3 hours after injection...

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to demonstrate the clinical benefits of rearranged during transfection (RET) genetic screening in patients with apparently sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) not only to identify the hereditary nature of the disease in the index case but also to discover family members harbouring the same germline mutations (i.e. gene carriers) who are unaware of their condition. CONTEXT: RET genetic screening allowed the identification of germline RET mutations in apparently sporadic MTC resulting in their re-classification as hereditary forms...