Colistine

PURPOSE: Fracture-related infections (FRI) pose a difficult management problem, as they require numerous surgical interventions and extended antibiotic treatments, especially when a multidrug-resistant organism is involved, with a paucity of available literature that provides guidance. RESULTS: A 42 year-old male presents an open diaphyseal tibia and fibula fracture, complicated by soft tissue necrosis and infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDR-Ab)...

The rise of antibiotic resistance in the food chain is influenced by the use of antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, metals, and biocides, throughout the entire farm-to-fork continuum. Besides, non-clinical reservoirs potentially contribute to the transmission of critical pathogens such as multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae . However, limited knowledge exists about the population structure and genomic diversity of K. pneumoniae circulating in conventional poultry production. We conducted a comprehensive characterization of K...

INTRODUCTION: In recent decades, widespread multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a serious problem in healthcare facilities. METHODS: To systematically summarize and investigate the prevalence and genomic features of clinical MDR Acinetobacter baumannii ( A. baumannii ) clinical isolates recovered from the first hospital of Lanzhou University, we collected 50 MDR A. baumannii isolates isolated in the first quarter of 2022 and using whole-genome sequencing investigate the genotypic characteristics...

In this study, the progenitors of MCR-3, MCR-7 and MCR-5, namely NMCR-3, NMCR-4 and NMCR-5, were firstly discovered and indicating Aeromonas was a natural reservoir for MCR-3 and MCR-7. Furthermore, different evolutionary models for MCR-3, MCR-7 and MCR-5 were proposed.

Colistin resistance is a global concern warning for a one health approach to combat the challenge. Colistin resistant E. coli and their resistance determinants are widely distributed in the environment, and rats could be a potential source of these isolates and resistant determinants to a diverse environmental setting. This study was aimed to determine the presence of colistin resistant E. coli (CREC) in wild rats, their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes, and genotypic analysis of mcr-1 CREC through whole genome sequencing (WGS)...

BACKGROUND: Resistant Salmonella infections are a major global public health challenge particularly for multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates manifesting as bloodstream infections (BSIs). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Salmonella enterica BSIs from Qatar. METHODS: Phenotypic ESBL Salmonella enterica from adult patients presenting with positive BSIs were collected between January 2019 to May 2020...

Two Enterobacter hormaechei isolates harbouring three carbapenemase genes each, were isolated from two patients from different ICUs at University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia, which is to our knowledge, the first report of triple carbapenemase ( bla VIM-2 , bla NDM-1 , and bla OXA-48 ) co-existence in E. hormachei strains and also among Enterobacterales members in Croatia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed susceptibility only to colistin and amikacin. The production of carbapenemases was phenotypically tested by immunochromatographic assay and confirmed by PCR...

BACKGROUND: The healthcare water environment is a potential reservoir of carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs). Here, we report the role of the water environment as a reservoir and the infection control measures applied to suppress a prolonged outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Serratia marcescens (KPC-SM) in two intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: The outbreak occurred in the ICUs of a tertiary hospital from October 2020 to July 2021. Comprehensive patient contact tracing and environmental assessments were conducted, and a case-control study was performed to identify factors associated with the acquisition of KPC-SM...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Different Salmonella serotypes are considered one of the most important food pathogens in the world. Poultry meat and eggs are the primary carriers of Salmonella in human populations. This study aimed to estimate the Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium contamination rates of retail hen and quail eggs in Karaj, Iran. Moreover, the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the strains were evaluated, and the efficiency of the standard culture method and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) were compared...

UNLABELLED: The appearance and prevalence of multidrug-resistance (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have limited our antibiotic capacity to control bacterial infections. The clinical efficacy of colistin (COL), considered as the "last resort" for treating GNB infections, has been severely hindered by its increased use as well as the emergence and prevalence of mobile colistin resistance (MCR)-mediated acquired drug resistance. Identifying promising compounds to restore antibiotic activity is becoming an effective strategy to alleviate the crisis of increasing MDR...

The emergence of increasingly resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a great public health concern. Understanding the risk factors and clinical characteristics of patients with pandrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (PDR-PA) can help inform clinicians in creating guidelines for both prevention and management. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this scoping review retrieved existing literature on PDR-PA by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases...

INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial infectious ventriculitis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli associated with external ventricular drainage (EVD) placement poses a significant mortality burden and hospital costs. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the characteristics, ventriculitis evolution, treatment, and outcomes of patients with ventriculitis due to MDR Gram-negative bacilli associated with EVD placement. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study focusing on patients with nosocomial infection caused by MDR Gram-negative bacilli while on EVD was conducted from 2019 to 2022...

INTRODUCTION: A survey-based approach to managing antibiotic-resistant infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, with a focus on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) cases, was conducted. Among CRE, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) is a carbapenemase that is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and has a broader spectrum of antimicrobial resistance than other carbapenemase types. The article explains that healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and that carbapenem in combination with other antibiotics are the most potent class of antimicrobial agents effective in treating life-threatening bacterial infections, including those caused by resistant strains...

We aimed to determine the epidemiology and resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria, the risk factors and outcome of bloodstream infection (BSI). In all, 412 episodes in children who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of bacteremia were analyzed. The most common microorganisms were Klebsiella spp. (43.9%), Escherichia coli (13.5 %) and Acinetobacter spp. (10.6 %). Among isolates, 41.2 % were multidrug-resistant, 13.5 % were extensively drug-resistant and 0.4 % were pan-drug-resistant. Carbapenem resistance was revealed in 27...

Escherichia coli (E. coli) plays an important ecological role, and is a useful bioindicator to recognize the evolution of resistance in human, animal and environment. Recently, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E.coli has posed a threat to public health. Generally, captive healthy giant pandas are not exposed to antibiotics; however, they still acquire antimicrobial resistant bacteria. In order to understand whether there is an exchange of resistance genes within the ecosystems of captive giant pandas, this study explored resistance characteristics of 330 commensal E...

UNLABELLED: We describe four cases of a novel carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST179 clone carrying the bla KPC-2 or bla KPC-35 gene together with bla IMP-16 , imported from Peru to Spain and isolated from leukemia patients. All isolates were multidrug-resistant but remained susceptible to fosfomycin, cefiderocol, and colistin. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that bla KPC-2 and bla KPC-35 were located in an IncP6 plasmid, whereas bla IMP-16 was in a chromosomal type 1 integron...

BACKGROUND: In Laos, colistin is not currently registered for use in humans. This One Health study aimed to estimate the prevalence of meat-producing pigs carrying colistin-resistant Escherichia coli, and investigate if E. coli causing invasive human infections were colistin-resistant. METHODS: Between September 2022 and March 2023, rectal swabs were collected from 895 pigs from abattoirs in 9/17 Lao provinces. Pig rectal swabs and stored E. coli isolates from human blood cultures, submitted to Mahosot Hospital Microbiology laboratory between 2005 and 2022, were screened for colistin resistance on selective chromogenic agar with organism identification confirmed using MALDI-TOF MS...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), a predominant pathogen in lung infections, poses significant challenges due to its biofilm formation, which is the primary cause of chronic and recalcitrant pulmonary infections. Bacteria within these biofilms exhibit heightened resistance to antibiotics compared to their planktonic counterparts, and their secreted toxins exacerbate lung infections. Diverging from traditional antibacterial therapy for biofilm eradication, this study introduces a novel dry powder inhalation containing muco-inert ciprofloxacin and colistin co-encapsulated liposomes (Cipro-Col-Lips) prepared using ultrasonic spray freeze drying (USFD) technique...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antibiotics delivered via the respiratory tract in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published in English up to October 25, 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Adult patients with mechanical ventilation of over 48 h and receiving inhaled or instilled antibiotics (with control group) to prevent VAP were included...

OBJECTIVES: Determining the best available therapy for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections is a challenge. Cefiderocol is an attractive alternative drug effective against many resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria. However, its place in the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections remains unclear and much debated, with contradictory results. METHODS: We describe here the case of a 37-year-old man with ventilator-associated bacteraemic CRAB pneumonia in an intensive care unit...