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Vadim Belinschi, Charity Iheagwara, Ala Muhanna
Cryptococcal meningitis should be considered in individuals diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and presenting with a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)-helper T cell count below 100 cells/ml. The 2022 guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) advocate for initiating treatment with a high dose (10 mg/kg) of liposomal amphotericin B, followed by flucytosine and fluconazole for a two-week duration. Additionally, alternative treatment options involving a combination of flucytosine and fluconazole are recommended...
March 2024: Curēus
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anchal Kumar Jain, Yamini Gupta, Jagram Verma, Surbhi Godha, Indra Prakash Prajapati
Mucormycosis is an aggressive, fatal fungal infection. The fungal organisms are ubiquitous and easily affect immunocompromised patients. The main aim of this article is to emphasize over the knowledge of different diagnostic methods (diagnostic nasal endoscopy, ct/ contrast mri pns + orbit + brain, Wet KOH mount), the importance of practising an aggressive surgical resection, medical treatments (liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin gel, tablet posaconazole, nasal douching, retrorbital amphotericin injection), suction cleaning and regular follow up of the patient after surgical management...
April 2024: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
#23
REVIEW
Sunita Panda, Mahesh Chandra Sahu, Jyotirmayee Turuk, Sanghamitra Pati
Mucormycosis is the third most frequent invasive mycosis, following candidiasis and aspergillosis. It is frequently neglected due to its rare occurrence; but recently attend the status of notifiable disease due to its higher incidence in both developed and developing nations. India has received global notice since its estimated instances were greater than the global estimated figures. Mucormycosis has several clinical manifestations, including rhino-orbital-cerebral (ROCM), pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, renal, and diffuse Mucormycosis...
April 1, 2024: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology: [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
#24
Abdisalam Abdullahi Yusuf, Ismail Gedi Ibrahim, Ibrahim Mohamed Hirsi, Ali Adali, Yonis Yusuf Hassan, Mehmet Zeki Yasar, Ismail Mohamoud Abdullahi, Mohamed Sheikh Hassan
Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal condition with a high mortality rate, particularly when there is extra nasal involvement, and it is rare for patients with fungal brain disease to survive. It mostly affects patients who are metabolically or immunologically compromised, which constitutes one of the three classical stages of the progression of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM). Stage I: infection of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses; Stage II: orbital involvement; Stage III: cerebral involvement...
2024: International Medical Case Reports Journal
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Manickam Ponnaiah, Tarun Bhatnagar, Devika S, Amanda G A Rozario, Gayathri K, Malu Mohan, Michaelraj E, Divya Saravanakumar, Aditya Moorthy, Amit Kumar Tyagi, Bhagirathsinh D Parmar, K Devaraja, Gaurav Medikeri, Jutika Ojah, Kajal Srivastava, Karthikeyan K, Nandini Das, Niharika B, Parul Sharma, Pradipta Kumar Parida, Prasanna Kumar Saravanam, Praveen Kulkarni, Priya S, Pushpa Patil S, Rahul Kumar Bagla, Ramesh D, Renuka S Melkundi, Satish S Satpute, Seetharaman Narayanan, Shubhashri Jahagirdar, Simmi Dube, Sunil Kumar Panigrahi, Surendra Babu D, Vaibhav Saini, Rita Singh Saxena, Abhinav Srivastava, Achyut Chandra Baishya, Ajai Garg, Amit Kumar Mishra, Anjan Jyoti Talukdar, Ankita Kankaria, Arathi Karat, Arul Sundaresh Kumar, Ashi Chug, Ashok Vankundre, Balakrishnan Ramaswamy, Bharathi Mb, Bhargav R Jadav, Muthuswamy Dhiwakar, Girija Ghate, Hardik V Shah, Ipsita Saha, Kavya Sivapuram, Krupal J Joshi, Mahendra Singh, Mukesh Chand Bairwa, Divya K, Karthikeyan K, Muthurajesh E, Navneh Samagh, Nethra Dinakaran, Nikhil Gupta, Nitin Gupta, Nitin M Nagarkar, Nitin Solanki, Prasan Kumar Panda, Prithvi Bachalli, Raghunath Shanbag, Rajashri Patil, Rajesh Kumar A, Rakesh Narayan Patil, Ramanikanth Thookkanaickenpalayam Vijayaraghavan, Ramesh Hanumantappa, Rathinavel A, Saleel Kumar Mandal, Sanjay Pandharinath Kishve, Sara Varghese Thomas, Saurav Sarkar, Shalini Thakur, Siddaram Patil, Somu Lakshmanan, Srinivas D Rao, Sumathi V, Tulasi Nayak, Umesh R Dixit, Unnikrishnan B, Varsha Backiavathy, Vijendra Shenoy, Vinay Kumar Hallur, Aparna Bhatnagar, Manoj V Murhekar
In India, the incidence of mucormycosis reached high levels during 2021-2022, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this, we established a multicentric ambispective cohort of patients hospitalised with mucormycosis across India. In this paper, we report their baseline profile, clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge. Patients hospitalized for mucormycosis during March-July 2021 were included. Mucormycosis was diagnosed based on mycological confirmation on direct microscopy (KOH/Calcofluor white stain), culture, histopathology, or supportive evidence from endoscopy or imaging...
2024: Mycology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joe S Smith, Grace D Malla, Jessica D Garcia, Jessica E Gebert, Charlene V Noll, Pierre-Yves Mulon, Heather K Knych
Lameness is a significant welfare concern in goats. Amphotericin B is used via intraarticular (IA) administration in models to study experimentally induced lameness in large animals. The main objective of this study was to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for amphotericin B in goats after a single IA administration. Liposomal amphotericin B was administered to ten Kiko-cross goats at a dose of 10 mg total (range: 0.34-0.51 mg/kg) via IA administration into the right hind lateral distal interphalangeal joint...
April 1, 2024: Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Teclegiorgis Gebremariam, Sondus Alkhazraji, Yiyou Gu, Laura K Najvar, Katyna Borroto-Esoda, Thomas F Patterson, Scott G Filler, Nathan P Wiederhold, Ashraf S Ibrahim
Ibrexafungerp (formerly SCY-078) is the first member of the triterpenoid class that prevents the synthesis of the fungal cell wall polymer β-(1,3)-D-glucan by inhibiting the enzyme glucan synthase. We evaluated the in vivo efficacy of ibrexafungerp against pulmonary mucormycosis using an established murine model. Neutropenic mice were intratracheally infected with either Rhizopus delemar or Mucor circinelloides . Treatment with placebo (diluent control), ibrexafungerp (30 mg/kg, PO BID), liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB 10 mg/kg IV QD), posaconazole (PSC 30 mg/kg PO QD), or a combination of ibrexafungerp plus LAMB or ibrexafungerp plus PSC began 16 h post-infection and continued for 7 days for ibrexafungerp or PSC and through day 4 for LAMB...
April 1, 2024: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jesús Fortún, Elia Gómez-García de la Pedrosa, Alberto Martínez-Lorca, Patricia Paredes, Pilar Martín-Dávila, Alicia Gómez-López, María José Buitrago, Javier López-Jiménez, Francesca Gioia, Rosa Escudero, Maria Elena Alvarez-Alvarez, Cruz Soriano, Javier Moreno-García, Diana San Miguel, Noelia Vicente, Santiago Moreno
Although nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (NLAB) is being used in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) prophylaxis, no clinical trial has shown its efficacy as a therapeutic strategy. NAIFI is the inaugural randomized, controlled clinical trial designed to examine the safety and effectiveness of NLAB (dosage: 25 mg in 6 mL, three times per week for 6 weeks) against a placebo, in the auxiliary treatment of IPA. Throughout the three-year clinical trial, thirteen patients (six NLAB, seven placebo) were included, with 61% being onco-hematological with less than 100 neutrophils/μL...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benedetta Fumarola, Liana Signorini, Silvia Lorenzotti, Paola Lanza, Barbara Saccani, Evelyn Van Hauwermeiren, Alice Mulè, Simone Piva, Matteo Rota, Francesco Zuccalà, Francesco Antonio Rasulo, Matteo Filippini, Alberto Bertazzoli, Giovanni Del Fabro, Alberto Matteelli
PURPOSE: COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is common and linked with high fatality rates. To assess the impact on the incidence and outcome of CAPA of an antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) we compared two cohorts of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) in Brescia, Italy, from January to August 2021. METHODS: The study cohort included all mechanically ventilated patients observed between April 2021 and August 2021 with SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia, who received AFP with oral posaconazole (200 mg every 6 h) and nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (50 mg every 2 weeks) from ICU admission to 7 days after discharge or, if applicable, until tracheostomy removal...
March 26, 2024: Infection
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabela A G Pereira, Camila S Freitas, Raquel S B Câmara, Marcelo M Jesus, Daniela P Lage, Grasiele S V Tavares, Tauane G Soyer, Fernanda F Ramos, Nícia P Soares, Samira S Santiago, Vívian T Martins, Danniele L Vale, Breno L Pimenta, Fernanda Ludolf, Fabrício M Oliveira, Mariana C Duarte, Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli, Adilson V Costa, Denise U Gonçalves, Bruno M Roatt, Róbson R Teixeira, Eduardo A F Coelho
Treatment against leishmaniasis presents problems, mainly due to the toxicity of the drugs, high cost, and the emergence of resistant strains. A previous study showed that two vanillin-derived synthetic molecules, 3s [4-(2-hydroxy-3-(4-octyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propoxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde] and 3t [4-(3-(4-decyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde], presented antileishmanial activity against Leishmania infantum, L. amazonensis, and L. braziliensis species. In the present work, 3s and 3t were evaluated to treat L...
March 19, 2024: Experimental Parasitology
#31
Chhavi Gupta, Prerna Dogra, Varun Jain, Ravneet Kaur, Jyoti Bala Sharma
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis is an invasive, opportunistic fungal infection seen especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the second leading cause of mortality in HIV patients. We report a case of disseminated cryptococcosis presenting with altered mental status in a newly diagnosed HIV infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 50-year-old with a short history of altered mental sensorium and a history of low-grade fever and weight loss for few months presented at a tertiary care hospital in North India...
February 25, 2024: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Moya-Alarcón, J R Azanza, J Barberán, R Ferrer, M Kwon, A Moreno, C Rubio-Terrés, M Gálvez-Santisteban
BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this work was to compare the costs per adult patient, associated with intravenous isavuconazole (ISAV) followed by oral ISAV versus the regimen of liposomal amphotericin B followed by posaconazole (L-AMB→POSA) in the treatment of IFI. The comparison was conducted from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System (SNS). METHODS: As indirect comparisons have demonstrated similar efficacy between the comparators, a cost-minimization approach was taken...
March 18, 2024: Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
#33
Kiran G Kulirankal, Ann Mary, Merlin Moni, Gopal S Pillai, Dipu T Sathyapalan
A male in his 40's with no known comorbidities developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia and received a four-week course of methylprednisolone. The patient subsequently developed disseminated Aspergillus endocarditis, manifesting as multiple organ involvement including the heart, eyes, and brain. Despite the poor prognosis generally associated with fungal endocarditis, the patient survived following aggressive medical management with a combination of liposomal amphotericin b and voriconazole therapy and is now doing well for over two years and is off antifungal therapy for a year...
March 2024: Medical Mycology Case Reports
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rutuja Chhajed, Prabin Dahal, Sauman Singh-Phulgenda, Matthew Brack, Caitlin Naylor, Shyam Sundar, Fabiana Alves, Kasia Stepniewska, Philippe J Guerin
BACKGROUND: Occurrences of relapse after 6-months post-treatment has been reported in recent Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) efficacy studies. A meta-analysis was carried out to quantify the proportion of relapses observed at and beyond 6-months using the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) systematic review (SR) database. METHODS: Studies in the IDDO SR database (1983-2021; 160 studies) were eligible for inclusion if follow-up was at least 6-months, relapse was clearly reported, and patients with HIV coinfections were excluded...
March 2024: Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia
#35
Lei Qiang, Xianghui Deng, Yong Yang, Zhigan Wang, Wei Gai
Histoplasmosis is an endemic disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum . This systemic disease can affect various organs beyond the lungs, such as the liver, spleen, adrenal gland, and lymph nodes. The clinical symptoms can range from asymptomatic to severe, life-threatening conditions, depending on the state of the patient's immune system. This report describes a 40-year-old male who presented with reports of weight loss, low back pain, and progressively worsening movement disorder of the bilateral lower extremities for months...
2024: Infection and Drug Resistance
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuanfang Li, Sanjing Li, Nadan Lu, Weilin Wang, Dao Wang
Visceral leishmaniasis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (VL-HLH) is indistinguishable from those of HLH of other etiologies due to the overlap symptoms, posing a serious threat to life. In this study, we aimed to provide insights for early diagnosis and improve outcomes in pediatric patients with VL-HLH. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 10 pediatric patients with VL-HLH and 58 pediatric patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH)...
March 12, 2024: Annals of Hematology
#37
Takao Nagashima, Hiroki Yabe, Toshiaki Ogishi, Tsuyoshi Kobashigawa
A teenage girl with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was admitted with fever, dry cough, and dyspnea on exertion. Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral diffuse infiltration and swelling of the mediastinal lymph nodes. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was light red, suggesting diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Therefore, glucocorticoid pulse therapy was initiated. However, blood and BAL fluid cultures showed the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans . The patient was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis...
February 2024: Curēus
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Santiago Ewig, Sören Gatermann, Stathis Phillipou, Christian Giesa, Erich Hecker
We report a patient with severe cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis and Aspergillus niger superinfection, whose only comorbidity was untreated diabetes mellitus. A. niger pneumonia was proven by PCR, sequencing and culture of pleural and respiratory secretions. The patient was successfully treated with a four-drug antituberculous regimen, liposomal amphotericin B (up to 5 mg/kg/d) and pleuro-pneumonectomy. Histology of the resected lung revealed destroyed lung tissue with inflammatory cells and fungal conidia...
September 2023: Pneumologie
#39
Julián Castro Castro, María Dolores Díaz López
Cryptococcal meningitis is an infrequent infection with high morbidity and mortality. Its presentation in immunocompetent patients is rare. We present the case of a 67-year-old male who was admitted for subacute symptoms of gait disturbance and urinary incontinence. Neurological examination revealed inability to stand and memory impairment. Cranial imaging showed obstructive tetraventricular hydrocephalus with areas of gliosis in the cerebellar peduncles. Endoscopic treatment of hydrocephalus was performed and cerebrospinal fluid samples taken revealing the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans...
March 7, 2024: Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a broad-spectrum and potent polyene antifungal drug for the treatment of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). Currently, amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB-D) and three AmB lipid formulations, namely liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB), amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD), and amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) are available for clinical use. In view of clinical concerns and misperceptions in the selection of different formulations of AmB, the present consensus summarized their pharmaceutical characteristics, antifungal mechanism, pharmacokinetics/phamacodynamics, drug interactions, indications, dosage, local administration, and adverse reactions based on the latest clinical research evidence, guidelines, and clinical experience...
March 1, 2024: Zhonghua Nei Ke za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine]
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