ultrasound obstetrics gynecology

INTRODUCTION: Trophoblastic neoplasms are often associated with pregnancy, and nongestational trophoblastic neoplasms are extremely rare. Nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma (NGCO) is a highly aggressive germ cell-derived tumor frequently presenting with early hematogenous metastasis. PATIENT CONCERNS: Herein, we report a case of a 28-year-old unmarried woman with regular menstruation who experienced vaginal bleeding 1 week after her last menstrual cycle. Doppler ultrasound revealed bilateral adnexal masses and elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Transvaginal ultrasound is effective in diagnosing endometriosis involving the rectosigmoid bowel. Some authors suggest enhanced detection of rectosigmoid involvement with bowel preparation. Conversely, conflicting views argue that bowel preparation may not improve diagnostic precision, yielding similar results to rectal water contrast. No existing meta-analysis compares these approaches. Our study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of transvaginal ultrasound with bowel preparation, with and without rectal water contrast...

INTRODUCTION: There is a gap in knowledge regarding development of endometriosis and adenomyosis lesions visible at transvaginal ultrasound. The objectives were to evaluate if women with symptoms suggestive of endometriosis or adenomyosis but normal ultrasound examination develop endometriosis or adenomyosis lesions visible at ultrasound over time and if alterations of symptoms over time are associated with ultrasound findings at follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 100 symptomatic women with normal initial ultrasound examination during 2014-2017 who underwent follow-up ultrasound examination in 2022...

BACKGROUND: Brain injury and poor neurodevelopment have consistently been reported in infants and adults born preterm. These changes occur at least in part prenatally and are associated with intra-amniotic inflammation. The pattern of brain changes has been partially documented by magnetic resonance imaging but not with neurosonography in combination with amniotic fluid brain injury biomarkers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prenatal features of brain remodeling and injury in fetuses from patients with preterm labor with intact membranes or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and to investigate the potential influence of intra-amniotic inflammation as a mediator of risk...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between varying degrees of abnormality in the uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index (UtA-PI) and adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS: Prospective study of 33,364 women who gave birth to singleton, non-anomalous babies in Oxford, following universal measurement of UtA-PI in mid-pregnancy. Relative risk ratios for the primary outcomes of extended perinatal mortality and live birth with severe small-for-gestational-age (SGA) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression, for early preterm birth (<34+0 ) and late preterm/term birth (≥34+0 )...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) poses a multifaceted challenge in women's health, necessitating an integrated approach that addresses its diverse etiologies and clinical presentations. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics PALM-COEIN classification system provides a systematic approach to the diagnosis of AUB in non-pregnant women, based on clinical and imaging-based categorization of causes into structural (Polyps, Adenomyosis, Leiomyomas and Malignancy; PALM), and non-structural causes (Coagulopathies, Ovulatory disorders, primary Endometrial disorders, Iatrogenic and Not otherwise classified; COEIN)...

Introduction Genetic disorders pose a significant health challenge in India, with chromosomal abnormalities ranking second only to congenital anomalies in terms of disease burden. Prenatal testing offers a crucial strategy for identifying and managing these disorders. However, the awareness and understanding of prenatal screening tests among pregnant women in India remain understudied. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the awareness quotient of prenatal screening tests for genetic disorders among pregnant women in India...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the imaging features and the molecular characterization of adenomyosis after menopause. STUDY DESIGN: An observational cross-sectional study was performed in a group of postmenopausal patients undergoing a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) (n = 468). Among those presenting the US criteria for adenomyosis, also confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), previous menstrual symptoms, gynecological and obstetric history were reviewed...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews recent advances in ultrasound elastography in diagnosing and evaluating the normal nongravid uterus and the infertile uterus in the gynecologic patient. RECENT FINDINGS: Focusing on the most recent primary literature, studies have demonstrated new findings among a breadth of gynecologic clinical settings. Studies in the nongravid uterus have found that menopausal status, age, and menstrual phase have not been associated with changes in uterine tissue stiffness...

OBJECTIVES: Use of ultrasonography has been suggested as an accurate adjunct to clinical evaluation of fetal position and station during labor. There are no available reports concerning its actual use in delivery wards. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the current practice regarding the use of ultrasonography during labor. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to members of the Italian Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology employed in delivery wards...

BACKGROUND: Cervical cerclage is the only effective treatment for cervical insufficiency, effectively preventing late miscarriage and preterm birth. The effectiveness and safety of emergency cervical cerclage (ECC) as an emergency treatment when the cervix is already dilated or when there is protrusion of the fetal membranes into the vagina remain controversial, especially in pregnancies at 24-28 weeks when the fetus is viable. There is still no consensus on whether emergency cervical cerclage should be performed in such cases...

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is unclear whether the introduction of a universal transvaginal ultrasound cervical length screening program in women at low risk for preterm delivery is associated with a reduction in the frequency of preterm birth. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the introduction of a midtrimester universal transvaginal ultrasound cervical length screening program in asymptomatic singleton pregnancies without prior preterm delivery would reduce the rate of preterm birth at <37 weeks of gestation...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prenatal profiles of pregnancies affected by an atypical chromosomal aberration, focusing on pathogenic copy number variants (pCNVs). Further, we wanted to quantify the performance of combined first-trimester screening (cFTS) and a second-trimester anomaly scan in detecting these conditions. Finally, we aimed to estimate the consequences of a policy of using non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) rather than invasive testing with chromosomal microarray (CMA) to manage pregnancies identified as high risk from cFTS...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: The finding of an abdominal cyst during pregnancy has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1000 pregnancies, mostly in second and third trimester. The detection of a fetal abdominal cyst during the first trimester scan is a rare event, whose natural history and prognosis are often unknown and unpredictable as these anomalies can be related to various underlying conditions and originate from different structures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of fetal abdominal cysts detected in the first trimester in order to understand their possible clinical significance and to offer the proper management according to the available data...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.