Multifocal choroiditis

PURPOSE: The aim of this article is to conduct a comprehensive systematic review about the current understandings and differential diagnosis of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) and other several similar diseases, describing their multimodal imaging analysis, prognostic implications, and current types of management. METHODS: This systematic review was performed based on a search on the PubMed database of relevant papers regarding mCNV and other entities discussed in the paper, according to our current knowledge...

A 45-year-old immunocompetent man with a two-week history of unilateral painful red eye was referred to the university hospital for further investigation. High intraocular pressure, corneal edema, large pigmented keratic precipitates, cells and flares in the anterior chamber, patches of iris transillumination with atrophy, multifocal segmental retinal arteritis (SRA) or Kyrieleis arteritis, and peripheral choroidal elevation with overlying vitritis without adjacent old scars were observed. Toxoplasmosis, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus serologies (IgG) were positive...

This study aimed to report the diagnostic process, treatment, and follow-up of a patient with bullous exudative retinal detachment (RD) associated with an atypical variant of bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). A 28-year-old woman was referred to our clinic for total bullous RD in the right eye with a vision level of light perception only. She had been previously diagnosed with idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome and treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy with no response, and was referred to us for scleral window surgery...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ocular changes in Chinese myopic children wearing multifocal soft contact lenses and explore their efficiency and related factors. METHOD: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study. A total of 36 myopic children aged 7 to 12 years were randomly divided into groups wearing multifocal soft contact lenses (MFCLs) or single-vision soft contact lenses (SVCLs) and followed up for 12 months. The spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), choroidal thickness, and vascularity were measured before commencement and after 6 and 12 months of lens wear...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of retinal lesions and describe the fundoscopic findings of retinopathy in Greyhound dogs in the Manawatu/Whanganui region of New Zealand. To examine possible associations between sex, age, and racing variables with retinopathy in the study population. To describe retinal histologic findings in seven Greyhounds with retinopathy in New Zealand. METHODS: Two hundred Greyhound dogs from the Manawatu/Whanganui region of New Zealand underwent fundoscopy and fundic photography to identify and score the degree of retinopathy...

A woman in her late 50s presented with on-and-off redness and diminution of vision in her left eye for 6 months. Her best corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in the right eye and hand motion in the left eye. Anterior segment examination revealed a greyish-white lesion extending from 3 to 6 o'clock hours posterior to the iris and protruding into the anterior chamber. Left eye B-scan ultrasonography showed a multifocal choroidal lesion, a smaller one involving the posterior pole, and a larger lesion involving the complete nasal quadrant and anteriorly extending to the ciliary body and iris...

The association between vaccines and ocular disorders has attracted significant attention in scientific research. Numerous mainstream vaccines are associated with a range of uveitis types, including anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis. Additionally, they are associated with distinct ocular diseases such as multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). These ocular conditions are often transient, with a vast majority of patients experiencing improvement after steroid intervention...

PURPOSE: We report the ocular findings that patients experienced after receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in three different eye centers in Malaysia. OBSERVATIONS: A total of four cases were reported. Three patients received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, while the other received the Oxford AstraZeneca type. Ocular symptoms occurred after the first vaccine dose in two patients and after the second vaccine dose in the other two. Three out of four patients required active treatment for their vision complications postvaccination...

PURPOSE: To describe idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (iMFC) with chorioretinal atrophy developing choroidal flow voids on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) that preceded a recurrence of the disease. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 24-year-old woman presented with visual field changes and occasional photopsias. Systemic work-up for syphilis, tuberculosis, and sarcoidosis, was negative. Clinical findings and multimodal imaging were consistent with iMFC with chorioretinal atrophy, complicated by inactive choroidal neovascularization in her right eye...

The COVD pandemic has seen a further rise in the prevalence of myopia world-wide, adding to the urgency of effective treatments that can prevent or slow myopia progression. In addition to multifocal soft contact lenses and orthokeratology lenses for myopia control, a variety of novel spectacle lenses involving modified peripheries are either currently under clinical trial or recently approved. Yet still unresolved questions related to underlying retinal mechanisms of action represent handicaps to their further refinement and improved efficacy...

PURPOSE: To report the clinical and multimodal imaging features of sympathetic ophthalmia in the acute and chronic phases. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with sympathetic ophthalmia seen at a tertiary referral center. Charts, imaging studies, and histopathological specimens were reviewed. The clinical features and multimodal imaging in the sympathizing eye were analyzed by sorting features into those seen in the acute and chronic phase...

PRECIS: Analysis of 50 patients with sarcoid granuloma of the choroid/ciliary body revealed granulomas with yellow color (41,82%) and irregular vermiform margins (46,92%). Imaging features included clear subretinal fluid (6,12%), dirty subretinal fluid (14,28%), and cystoid macular edema (1,2%).Systemic sarcoidosis was detected during ophthalmic care (4,8%) or diagnosed after presentation (3,6%). PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and imaging features of sarcoid granuloma of the choroid and ciliary body...

BACKGROUND: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) has been recognised as the most common primary immunodeficiency in adulthood, and is characterised by increased susceptibility to infection, autoimmunity and increased risk of malignancies. Although ocular manifestations are not common in CVID, rare associated inflammatory eye conditions have been reported including submacular choroiditis. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of punctate inner choroidopathy in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency...

PURPOSE: The study analyzes the patterns of pathological changes in the retina and choroid in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigmented epitheliopathy (APMPPE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of the examination of two patients with bilateral APMPPE were analyzed retrospectively. The examination had included visometry, tonometry, static perimetry, autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). RESULTS: The analysis revealed signs of the inflammatory nature of the choriocapillary vascular wall lesion with the development of their local obstruction and, consequently, local ischemia of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the outer layers of the retina in the acute period...

PURPOSE: To describe the syndromic, clinical, and retinal findings of a patient with an extremely-rare genetic condition known as Hardikar Syndrome (HS) with presentation of optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiographic (FA), and indocyanine green angiographic (ICG) findings. METHODS: Clinical course was detailed and followed over time with examinations and multimodal imaging. PATIENT AND RESULTS: A 17-year-old patient with HS was referred for possible retinitis pigmentosa...

A 2-year-old male entire Cane Corso was presented for investigations into a 1-week history of ambulatory paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia gradually deteriorating. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed intraventricular space-occupying lesions affecting the fourth ventricle and lateral apertures and intradural-extramedullary space-occupying lesions at the level of C7 vertebra, L4-L5, and L7-S1 intervertebral disk spaces. Due to poor quality of life, the patient was euthanized. A post-mortem examination revealed partially encapsulated, multifocally infiltrative, and moderately cellular neoplastic masses...

PURPOSE: Posterior uveitis is a common chorioretinal pathology affecting all ages worldwide and is a frequent reason for referral to the retina clinic. The spectrum of etiologies for uveitis is very broad and includes infectious and auto-immune diseases. Inflammation can be confined to the eye or may be a part of systemic disease. A useful outline is therefore proposed to aid in the correct diagnosis of these challenging entities. The situation is further complicated by the fact that many neoplastic conditions resemble features of posterior uveitis; they are known as "masqueraders of uveitis"...

White spot syndromes (WSS) pose challenges in the field of ophthalmology, particularly in terms of accurate diagnosis and effective management. However, recent advancements in multimodal imaging (MMI) have significantly contributed to our understanding of WSS, allowing for improved characterization of these inflammatory chorioretinopathies. By employing various imaging modalities, including fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultra-widefield imaging, and OCT angiography, researchers and clinicians have gained valuable insights into the underlying pathophysiological changes and clinical progression of WSS...

Our purpose is to describe blue-light fundus autofluorescence (BAF) features of inflammatory diseases of the outer retina characterised by photoreceptor damage. BAF from patients diagnosed with secondary and primary inflammatory photoreceptor damage were retrospectively analyzed and compared to other imaging modalities including fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (MFC), acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), serpiginous choroiditis (SC), and acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis (ASPPC), all cases corresponding to secondary photoreceptor diseases caused by inflammatory choriocapillaris nonperfusion, were included and compared to primary photoreceptor disease entities, including acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) and cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR)...

A 21-year-old student with healed multifocal choroiditis involving the macula presented with difficulty in seeing distance and reading her college books. Based on microperimetr'y, the location of her preferred retinal locus and the position of new trained retinal locus (TRL) were identified. With multiple sessions of biofeedback training, her mean retinal sensitivity improved from 4.8 to 8.8 dl, distance vision from 3/60 to 6/36, and near vision from N32 to N8 in the right eye. At 6-month follow-up, her TRL position and visual acuity were found to be stable...