Neuro-endocrine

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide insights into the role of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and an overview of possible strategies to combine PRRT with locoregional and systemic anticancer treatments. RECENT FINDINGS: Research on combining PRRT with other treatments encompasses a wide variety or treatments, both local (transarterial radioembolization) and systemic therapies, chemotherapy (i.e., capecitabine and temozolomide), targeted therapies (i...

Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, marked by gastrointestinal motility disorder, a delayed gastric emptying present in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Clinical manifestations include postprandial fullness and epigastric discomfort, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. DGP may significantly affect the quality of life and productivity of patients. Research on the relationship between gastrointestinal dynamics and DGP has received much attention because of the increasing prevalence of DGP...

Dry eye disease (DED) is a continuing medical challenge, further worsened in the autoimmune inflammatory hyperactivation milieu of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) due to disturbances to innate and adaptive immunity with malfunctioning neuro-endocrine control. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of SS DED are not fully established. This review summarized the available evidence, from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized clinical trials, for the efficacy and safety of the available ocular therapeutics for the management of SS DED...

Congestion is the main therapeutic target of acute heart failure (HF) treatment, and loop diuretics (LDs) are widely used drugs for this purpose. Despite their extensive use, these agents remain largely understudied in terms of modality administration, treatment duration, and escalation dose for subjects responding poorly to therapy. LDs were initially investigated in several edematous statuses such as cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, and congestive HF and initially approved for the treatment of cardiogenic congestion in 1966...

The need to integrate more clearly societal expectations on livestock farming has led the authors of this article to consider that livestock farming systems must be redesigned to position health and welfare at the heart of their objectives. This article proposes a vision of the advances in knowledge required at different scales to contribute to this transformation. After defining health and welfare of animals, the article emphasises the need to consider health in a broader perspective, to deepen the question of positive emotional experiences regarding welfare, and raises the question of how to assess these two elements on farms...

Cushing's syndrome (CS) secondary to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) producing tumours is a severe condition with a challenging diagnosis. Ectopic ACTH-secretion often involves neuroendocrine tumours (NET) in the respiratory tract. ACTH-secreting small intestine neuro-endocrine tumours (siNET) are extremely rare entities barely reported in literature. This review is illustrated by the case of a 75-year old woman with fulminant ectopic CS caused by a ACTH-secreting metastatic siNET. Severe hypokalemia, fluid retention and refractory hypertension were the presenting symptoms...

Skin is now emerging as a complex realm of three chief systems viz. immune system, nervous system, and endocrine system. The cells involved in their intricate crosstalk, namely native skin cells, intra-cutaneous immune cells and cutaneous sensory neurons have diverse origin and distinct functions. However, recent studies have explored their role beyond their pre-defined functional boundaries, such that the cells shun their traditional functions and adopt unconventional roles. For example, the native skin cells, apart from providing for basic structural framework of skin, also perform special immune functions and participate in extensive neuro-endocrine circuitry, which were traditionally designated as functions of cutaneous resident immune cells and sensory neurons respectively...

Traditionally considered non-functional low proliferative benign neuroendocrine proliferations measuring less than 5 mm, pancreatic (neuro)endocrine microadenomas are now classified as pancreatic neuroendocrine microtumors in the 2022 WHO classification of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors. This case report discussed the features of an incidentally identified 4.7-mm glucagon-expressing pancreatic neuroendocrine microtumor with MEN1 mutation only, chromosomally stable and an epigenetic alpha-like phenotype...

INTRODUCTION: Converging evidence suggests that urban living is associated with an increased likelihood of developing mental health and sleep problems. Although these aspects have been investigated in separate streams of research, stress, autonomic reactivity and circadian misalignment can be hypothesized to play a prominent role in the causal pathways underlining the complex relationship between the urban environment and these two health dimensions. This study aims at quantifying the momentary impact of environmental stressors on increased autonomic reactivity and circadian rhythm, and thereby on mood and anxiety symptoms and sleep quality in the context of everyday urban living...

The term Mixed Adeno-Neuro-Endocrine Carcinoma (MANEC) was introduced in 2010 by the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System. It refers to a neoplasm with dual epithelial and neuroendocrine differentiation, each component representing at least 30% of the tumor. It is an uncommon tumor accounting for < 3% of all colon and rectum malignancies. We report three cases of this extremely rare MANEC of the rectum. All three cases presented with hematochezia, variable constipation, and abdominal pain...

From the 4 perspectives of T lymphocytes, various cytokines, adenosine and "neuro-endocrine-immune" network, the researches related to the immune mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in recent years were summarized, and different acupuncture and moxibustion treatments were analyzed. The method has a regulatory effect on the mechanism of RA, in order to provide a reference and basis for acupuncture research on the immune mechanism of RA, and promote the further development of research in this field...

OBJECTIVE: To perform a bibliometric analysis of published research on acupuncture for neurodevelopmental disorders and to provide new insights for future studies. METHODS: Web of Science Core Collection was used to search for articles on acupuncture for neurodevelopmental disorders in children, from inception to Dec 4, 2022. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used for bibliometric analyses. VOSviewer was used to analyze and visualize the knowledge maps of the articles' countries, authors, and institutions of origin, the journals and keywords...

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive-endocrine condition in premenopausal women. Troxerutin, a common clinical anti-coagulant agent, was shown to work as a strong IL-22 boosting agent counteracting the hyperactivated gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and heightened GnRH release, the neuroendocrine origin of PCOS with unknown mechanism in rats. Exploring the off-label use of troxerutin medication for PCOS is thus sorely needed. METHODS: Serum IL-22 content and hypothalamic IL-22 protein were detected...

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is a multi-system disease which results in significant morbidity from central nervous system (CNS) involvement as well as ocular, renal and neuro-endocrine effects. Haemangioblastomas of the CNS present a number of challenges. The natural history of these lesions is varied, as is the size and location within the CNS. Whilst surgery is considered the mainstay of treatment and best chance at curing these lesions, this is also often associated with significant risks due to the anatomical location of these lesions, most commonly the posterior fossa and spinal cord...

Early life gut microbiome composition has been correlated with childhood obesity, though microbial functional contributions to disease origins remain unclear. Here, using an infant birth cohort ( n  = 349) we identify a distinct fecal microbiota composition in 1-month-old infants with the lowest rate of exclusive breastfeeding, that relates with higher relative risk for obesity and overweight phenotypes at two years. Higher-risk infant fecal microbiomes exhibited accelerated taxonomic and functional maturation and broad-ranging metabolic reprogramming, including reduced concentrations of neuro-endocrine signals...

BACKGROUND: The neuro-endocrine regulation of immune functions is based on a complex network of interactions. As part of this series of articles, we refer here to immune-sympathetic interactions that are triggered by different types of immune challenge. SUMMARY: We mention the initial hypothesis that led to the proposal that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is involved in immunoregulation. We next refer mainly to our initial work performed at a time when most immunologist were concentrated in clarifying aspects of the immune system that are essential for its regulation from within...

OBJECTIVE: According to the 2017 WHO classification of neuro-endocrine tumors, pituitary adenomas (PAs) are classified according to immunoexpression of the pituitary-specific transcription factors (TFs). A small subset of PAs exhibit multiple TF staining on immunohistochemistry and we present a series of 27 pathologically-confirmed cases of dual TF staining PAs (dsTF-PAs), and report clinically relevant implications. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of a multi-institutional database of patients with PAs surgically resected between 2008-2021 was performed...

It has been suggested that the neuro-visceral integration works asymmetrically and that this asymmetry is dynamic and modifiable by physio-pathological influences. Aminopeptidases of the renin-angiotensin system (angiotensinases) have been shown to be modifiable under such conditions. This article analyzes the interactions of these angiotensinases between the left or right frontal cortex (FC) and the same enzymes in the hypothalamus (HT), pituitary (PT), adrenal (AD) axis (HPA) in control spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in SHR treated with a hypotensive agent in the form of captopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), and in SHR treated with a hypertensive agent in the form of the L-Arginine hypertensive analogue L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that occurs in approximately 15% of people as a result of some traumatic events. The main symptoms are re-experiencing and avoidance of everything related to this event and hyperarousal. The main component of the pathophysiology of PTSD is an imbalance in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and development of neuroinflammation. In parallel with this, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed, as in many other diseases...

PURPOSE: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using [177 Lu]Lu-DOTATATE has been shown to effectively prolong progression free survival in grade 1-2 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET), but is less efficacious in patients with extensive liver metastases. The aim was to investigate whether tumour uptake in liver metastases can be enhanced by intra-arterial administration of [177 Lu]Lu-DOTATATE into the hepatic artery, in order to improve tumour response without increasing toxicity...