blood transfusion and children

Parvovirus B19, a member of the Parvoviridae family, is a human pathogenic virus. It can be transmitted by respiratory secretions, hand-to-mouth contact, blood transfusion, or transplacental transmission. Most patients are asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms such as erythema infectiosum, especially in children. In rare cases, moderate-to-severe symptoms may occur, affecting blood cells and other systems, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Non-immune pregnant women are at risk for fetal infection by parvovirus B19, with greater complications if transmission occurs in the first or second trimester...

OBJECTIVE: To understand the serological characteristics of irregular antibodies in pregnant women and explore their clinical significance. METHODS: From January 2017 to March 2022, 151 471 pregnant women in Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled in this study, microcolumn gel card test was used for irregular antibody screening, and antibody specificity identification was further performed in some antibody-positive subjects. RESULTS: The positive rate of irregular antibody screening in the enrolled pregnant women was 0...

BACKGROUND: In pediatric transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients, we evaluated the prevalence, pattern, and clinical associations of pancreatic siderosis and the changes in pancreatic iron levels and their association with baseline and changes in total body iron balance. PROCEDURE: We considered 86 pediatric TDT patients consecutively enrolled in the Extension-Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia Network. Iron overload (IO) was quantified by R2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

BACKGROUND: Fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling (FOAR) is a common surgical approach used for craniosynostosis conferring functional and aesthetic benefit. There are few reports examining predisposing factors for postoperative complications within the first year after surgery. This study aimed to establish complication rates and identify risk factors for inferior outcomes in a large population of patients undergoing FOAR. METHODS: All patients who underwent fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling from 2013-2022 at our institution were retrospectively studied...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate determinants impacting the surgical management of splenic trauma in paediatric patients by scrutinizing age distribution, etiological factors and concomitant injuries. The analysis seeks to establish a foundation for delineating optimal operative timing. METHODS: A cohort of 262 paediatric cases presenting with splenic trauma at our institution from January 2011 to December 2021 underwent categorization into either the conservative or operative group...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the clinical, imaging, and electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) with nervous system damage as the primary manifestation. METHODS: From January 2017 to November 2022, patients with nervous system injury as the main clinical manifestation, diagnosed with methylmalonic acidemia by metabolic and genetic testing, were enrolled and analyzed. Their clinical, imaging, and electroencephalogram data were analyzed...

INTRODUCTION: The use of low titer O whole blood (LTOWB) has expanded although it remains unclear how many civilian trauma centers are using LTOWB. METHODS: We analyzed data on civilian LTOWB recipients in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database 2020-2021. Unique facility keys were used to determine the number of centers that used LTOWB in that period. RESULTS: A total of 16,603 patients received LTOWB in the TQIP database between 2020 and 2021; 6600 in 2020, and 10,003 in 2021...

INTRODUCTION: Patient safety in anaesthesia has significantly improved over the past decades, largely due to pharmacological and technological advancements, as well as the widespread adoption of guidelines and standards recommended by international organisations. This study aimed to evaluate the practice of anaesthesia and its compliance with the international standards for safe anaesthesia practice recommended by the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) and the World Health Organization (WHO)...

Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Africa frequently require transfusions for SCA complications. Despite limited blood supplies, strategies to reduce their transfusion needs have not been widely evaluated or implemented. We analyzed transfusion utilization in children with SCA before and during hydroxyurea treatment. REACH (Realizing Effectiveness Across Continents with Hydroxyurea, NCT01966731) is a longitudinal Phase I/II trial of hydroxyurea in children with SCA from Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, and Uganda...

INTRODUCTION: Management of transvenous leads in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) can be complicated by venous obstructions and residual shunts. We present our experience performing concurrent lead extraction and dilation/stenting of venous pathways, including patients with complete venous obstruction. METHODS: All cases of concurrent lead extraction and recanalization of vena cavae/baffles between 2017 and 2021 at Boston Children's Hospital were retrospectively included and reviewed for safety and efficacy...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric bronchiectasis is a common respiratory disease in children. The use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for its treatment remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: The objective of our study was to compare and analyze the clinical efficacy of thoracoscopic surgery and thoracotomy in the treatment of pediatric bronchiectasis and summarize the surgical treatment experience of VATS in children with bronchiectasis. DESIGN: Retrospective single-center cohort study...

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is common in children. Treatment usually consists of oral iron therapy and, if severe, inpatient hospitalisation with blood transfusion. Providers may also undertake an echocardiogram, depending on availability and the severity of anaemia. A male toddler with nutritional IDA, haemoglobin of 1.7 g/dL (the lowest level in the literature) and hypertension had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on the initial echocardiogram. He was managed acutely with judicious blood transfusion, followed by oral iron supplementation and anti-hypertensive medication at discharge...

BACKGROUND: Hearing loss is a neurological sequelae associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) and probably sickle cell trait (SCT) in children and adults but remains understudied. AIM: This study aimed to compare the hearing impairment among children and adults living with SCD or SCT. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study conducted in four departments with SCD outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Participants with Sickle cell disease (HbSS) and Sickle cell trait (HbAS) (cohort) and HbAA (control) had comprehensive ear and hearing assessments for sensorineural hearing loss...

Carson JL, Stanworth SJ, Guyatt G, et al. Red blood cell transfusion: 2023 AABB international guidelines. JAMA. 2023;330:1892-1902. 37824153.

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OBJECTIVES: South Africa implemented a National Strategic Framework to optimise antimicrobial stewardship in 2014; however, there is limited data on how this has affected prescribing, especially to children treated in academic centres. METHODS: We conducted a point prevalence survey using the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology to evaluate antibiotic and antifungal prescribing practices in paediatric departments at three academic hospitals in South Africa...

INTRODUCTION: Liver transplantation (LT) is an operation purposed to save the lives of children with acute or chronic liver diseases, hepatic tumors, and some genetic and metabolic diseases. However, patients who underwent LT have a significant risk of intraoperative blood loss and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, especially in pediatric patients. METHODS: In this study, 569 pediatric patients (<18 years old) who underwent LT at a tertiary university hospital between 2013 and 2020 were included...

The aim of the study was to analyse the burden of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and its correlation with all-cause mortality. We performed a retrospective study in children up to 18 years of age who underwent allogeneic HSCT between February 2002 to December 2021 in the pediatric blood and marrow transplantation unit. A total of 1035 patients were included where five hundred forty-three (52.4%) patients underwent matched family donor (MFD) HSCT, 213 (20...

UNLABELLED: Prophylaxis is the gold standard for the management of hemophilia A patients. It has been shown that prophylaxis regulated with pharmacokinetic (PK) data reduces frequency of bleeding and cost of treatment. To determine the best prophylaxis regimen, PK dosing tools using the Bayesian method have been developed. We aimed to compare two PK dosing tools. Blood samples were drawn before, 4, 24, and 48 h after FVIII infusions from patients with severe hemophilia A and inhibitor negative...

UNLABELLED: Although improved survival in children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-ALL) has been demonstrated in trials, the outcome appears to be inferior in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Methods A file review of children aged ≤ 15 years diagnosed with Ph-ALL from 2010 to 2019 was performed. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed by flow-cytometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify the BCR::ABL1 transcripts during treatment...