cardiovascular, myocardial, angioplasty, coronary

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of cardiovascular mortality, which is the leading cause of death in the world. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and angiographic features of right ventricular infarction (RVI), as well as its complications and its therapeutic approaches. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It is a single-centered retrospective descriptive study conducted over a period of 2 years from November 2018 to October 2020...

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery and heart valve calcification is a risk factor for cardiovascular death in haemodialysis patients, so calcification prevention should be started as early as possible. Treatment with concomitant calcimimetics and low-dose vitamin D receptor activators (VDRAs) is available, but not enough evidence has been obtained on the efficacy of this regimen, particularly in patients with short dialysis duration. Therefore, this study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of early intervention with upacicalcet, a calcimimetic used to prevent coronary artery calcification in this patient population...

BACKGROUND: Numerous complications, such as postoperative arrhythmia and stroke, have been observed following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. AIMS: This study sought to examine the impact of aging on the incidence of post-coronary artery shunt complications. OBJECTIVES: Aging is a physiological process experienced by every living cell, beginning early in development. Age plays a crucial role in determining postoperative complications, including those related to CABG...

BACKGROUND: Dormant coronary collaterals are highly prevalent and clinically beneficial in cases of coronary occlusion. However, the magnitude of myocardial perfusion provided by immediate coronary collateral recruitment during acute occlusion is unknown. We aimed to quantify collateral myocardial perfusion during balloon occlusion in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Patients without angiographically visible collaterals undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to a single epicardial vessel underwent two scans with 99mTc-sestamibi myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)...

The treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction has barriers depending on the geographic region. Primary coronary angioplasty is the treatment of choice, if it is performed on time and by experienced operators. However, when it is not available, the administration of fibrinolysis and referral for rescue angioplasty, in case of negative reperfusion, is the best strategy. In the same way, coronary angioplasty, as part of a pharmacoinvasive strategy, is the best alternative when there is positive reperfusion...

BACKGROUND: this study aimed to assess the complex relationship between EAT thickness, as measured with echocardiography, and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated whether individuals with higher EAT thickness underwent coronary revascularization. Subsequently, we conducted a three-year follow-up to explore any potential modifications in EAT depots post-angioplasty. METHODS: we conducted a prospective and retrospective cross-sectional observational study involving 150 patients consecutively referred for acute coronary syndrome, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina...

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a long calcified coronary lesion in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is challenging and can lead to stent under-expansion and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). We described the first case of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided reverse overlapping stenting of long calcified left anterior descending (LAD) coronary lesion using ultra-low contrast and the metallic roadmaps to prevent CI-AKI after PCI. CASE SUMMARY: A 77-year-old man with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and CKD was admitted with angina class 4 and ruled in for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction...

OBJECTIVE: With the widespread administration of the BioNTech mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine, there is a need to evaluate its potential effects on cardiovascular health, particularly its association with myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BioNTech vaccination and MI, as well as its impact on clinical and angiographic parameters. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir City Hospital, between April 2020 and May 2023 on a cohort of 1 151 patients hospitalised with MI...

We present the case of a 61 years old woman who was hit by a car, resulting in fractures of the pubic bone, left ischium-pubis ramus and right femur, with need of hip replacement surgery. In the next days she was affected by two episodes of acute coronary syndrome, treated with coronary angioplasty surgery. After undergoing total hip replacement surgery an episode of asystole caused her death. A full autopsy showed coronary stenosis and chronic ischemic heart disease associated with a recent myocardial infarction...

The United Kingdom (UK) has a sustainable healthcare system. Nonetheless, the burden of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is still a significant challenge. A scarcity of literature primarily focuses on the continuum of care for ACS patients in the UK. Moreover, limited research studies highlight the clinical trajectories of ACS patients across the UK. Therefore, the current study was designed to explore clinical trajectories and the continuum of care for patients with ACS in the UK. Secondary data was obtained from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) database...

BACKGROUND: Neoatherosclerosis, a prominent contributor to in-stent restenosis (ISR), persists as a formidable challenge during percutaneous coronary intervention. Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) and embolic protection devices may help reduce coronary flow disturbance from procedure-related distal embolization. CASE SUMMARY: A 71-year-old man experienced in-stent neoatherosclerosis rupture-related non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Multidisciplinary intracoronary imaging, including intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT), suggested that the ISR was caused by a neoatherosclerosis rupture that can potentially lead to distal embolization...

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), the pathophysiologic narrowing of the arterial blood vessels of the lower limbs due to atherosclerosis, is estimated to affect more than 200 million people worldwide and its prevalence ranges from 0.9 to 31.3% in people aged ≥50 years. It is an established marker of systemic obstructive atherosclerosis, which depicts patients at higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, due to the involvement of coronary and cerebral arteries in the atherosclerotic process. Therefore, identifying PAD, particularly in patients with coronary artery disease, is important to assess the cardiovascular risk score and implement specific therapies and prevention strategies...

BACKGROUND: Modified balloon angioplasty (MB) using a cutting-/scoring balloon or intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is used in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, IVL is an off-label use in this setting. The aim of this subgroup analysis of an all-comers registry was to compare IVL to MB angioplasty in patients with ISR. METHODS: The subgroup (n = 117) included all patients with an ISR treated by MB or IVL between 2019 and 2021. Primary endpoint was strategy success (< 20% residual stenosis)...

OBJECTIVES: Markers of myocardial injury, such as creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) mass, are elevated in up to 30% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent deployment. This elevation represents myocardial injury that can impact the patient in the long term, including the risk of death. Sevoflurane, an inhaled anesthetic, may have cardioprotective properties that benefit patients undergoing PCI. The primary objective was to compare serum CK-MB mass raise in patients who received sevoflurane to those who received a placebo prior to PCI...

INTRODUCTION: Isolated coronary ostial stenosis of both ostia is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition, occurring in 0.1%-0.2% of patients undergoing coronary angiography. CASE REPORT: We present a case of a 69-year-old woman with a past medical history of breast cancer, who had been treated with radiotherapy, which most likely caused significant stenosis of both coronary ostia and likely accelerated aortic stenosis. Surgical angioplasty with autopericardium patch reconstruction of the left main coronary artery and right coronary arteries due to proximal stenotic disease was performed instead of venous or arterial bypasses with concomitant aortic valve replacement...

INTRODUCTION: SCAD involves a sudden tear or separation within the layers of the coronary artery wall, resulting in blood flow obstruction and subsequent myocardial ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant published cases of cutting balloon use in patients diagnosed with spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception until the present using terms "cutting balloon," "SCAD," "acute coronary syndrome," "intramural hematoma," and "angioplasty...

BACKGROUND: Stent thrombosis is a potentially lethal complication of coronary angioplasty and responsible for 20% of all post-angioplasty myocardial infarctions. Unusual causes may be overlooked and difficult to identify. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old male with history of triple aortocoronary bypass presented with acute inferolateral ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Critical stenosis of the vein graft to the right coronary artery was revealed, and with the use of distal embolic protection device, successful angioplasty with stent was performed under double antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and ticagrelor...

Complex bifurcation lesions often requiring a two-stent revascularization approach mean more metal, a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, and added difficulties in the case of late complications, such as in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis. In this article, we report a case of late stent thrombosis in a 56-year-old patient who had left main (LM) and left anterior descending (LAD) left circumflex arteries with T and small protrusion technique percutaneous intervention (PCI) one year before her admission with hemodynamic compromise and no access to urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)...

OBJECTIVE: Coronary obstruction is a rare but common complication of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries (ASO-TGA). The majority of patients remain asymptomatic and no risk factors allow targeting for reinforced surveillance. We aim to review the natural history of patients diagnosed with coronary obstruction after ASO-TGA and occurrence of coronary related outcomes. METHODS: We have retrospectively reviewed medical records of the 102 patients diagnosed with coronary obstruction after ASO-TGA in our institution from 1981 to 2022...

We present a 73-year-old female with history of rheumatic heart disease status post-mechanical mitral valve on warfarin, valvular atrial fibrillation, and alpha thalassemia who was admitted to an outside hospital with anterior ST-segment myocardial infarction. Coronary angiogram showed occluded left anterior descending artery (LAD) with acute thrombus status post-thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty.