Epidemiology cardiac

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is an organ- or life-threatening complication of chronic inflammatory disorders. Here, we review the epidemiology, causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of AA amyloidosis. RECENT FINDINGS: The incidence of AA amyloidosis has declined due to better treatment of the underlying diseases. Histopathological examination is the gold standard of diagnosis, but magnetic resonance imaging can be used to detect cardiac involvement...

Loeffler endocarditis, eosinophilic endocarditis or eosinophilic endomyocardial disease are conditions associated with hypereosinophilia and they affect the heart function. Loeffler endocarditis is a rare endomyocardial disorder thought to be caused by eosinophilic damage. The disorder is characterized by inflammatory infiltration, formation of thrombus within cardiovascular system, and ultimately fibrosis of the afflicted area. It can lead to multiple severe complications, including thromboembolic disease, thickening of fibrous tissue in the endocardium of ventricles, valve involvement, apical obliteration, and various heart disorders...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), such as permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, alleviate morbidity and mortality in various diseases. There is a paucity of real-world data on CIED complications and trends. OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe trends in noninfectious CIED complications over the past 3 decades in Olmsted County. METHODS: The Rochester Epidemiology Project is a medical records linkage system comprising records of over 500,000 residents of Olmsted County from 1966 to present...

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF), either chronic or new onset, is common in critically ill patients. Its epidemiology and relationship with clinical outcomes are poorly known. OBJECTIVE: To understand the burden of AF in patients admitted to the ICU and its impact on patients' outcomes. METHODS: This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluating all patients with AF admitted to a non-cardiac intensive care unit over the course of 54 months...

BACKGROUND: Few population-based studies have evaluated the epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE). Changes in population demographics and guidelines on IE may have affected both the incidence and outcomes of IE. Therefore, the aim of our study is to provide contemporary population-based epidemiological data of IE in Spain. METHODS: Retrospective nationwide observational study using data from the Spanish National Health System Discharge Database. We included all patients hospitalized with IE from January 2000 to December 2019...

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most widely utilized plant growth regulator. Despite its extensive usage, IAA is often overlooked as an environmental pollutant. Due to its protein-binding nature, it also functions as a uremic toxin, contributing to its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While in vitro and epidemiological research have demonstrated this association, the precise impact of IAA on cardiovascular disease in animal models is unknown. The main objective of this study is to conduct a mechanistic analysis of the cardiotoxic effects caused by IAA using male Wistar albino rats as the experimental model...

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of cardiogenic shock has evolved over the years: in the last decades an increasing prevalence of cardiogenic shock related to acute decompensated heart failure was observed. Therefore, treatment bundles should be updated according to the underlying pathophysiology. No data exist regarding the diagnostic/therapeutic strategies in general intensive care units. METHODS: A 27-questions survey was spread through the GiViTi (Italian Group for the Evaluation of Interventions in Intensive Care Medicine)...

A growing number out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) registries have been developed across the globe. A few of these are national, while others cover larger geographical regions. These registries have common objectives; continuous quality improvement, epidemiological research and providing infrastructure for clinical trials. OHCA registries make performance comparison across Emergency Medical Services systems possible for benchmarking, hypothesis generation and further research. Changes in OHCA incidence and outcomes provide insights about the effects of secular trends or health services interventions...

Cardiac arrest is common and associated with significant mortality and morbidity among survivors. To better understand the epidemiology and outcomes of cardiac arrest, many countries and regions have developed cardiac arrest registries. In the United States, with the diversity of its population, these registries have illuminated differences and disparities in the care and outcomes of cardiac arrest patients based on their race, ethnicity, and sex. These findings raise concerns as traditionally vulnerable patient groups have lower survival rates for cardiac arrest-a condition for which overall survival is already low...

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequently occurring birth defect. Majority of the earlier reviews focussed on the association of genetic factors with CHD. A few epidemiological studies provide convincing evidence for environmental factors in the causation of CHD. Although the multifactorial theory of gene-environment interaction is the prevailing explanation, explicit understanding of the biological mechanism(s) involved, remains obscure. Nonetheless, integration of all the information into one platform would enable us to better understand the collective risk implicated in CHD development...

OBJECTIVE: Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an infiltrative cardiac disorder caused by deposition of wild type or mutated transthyretin. As ATTR-CM is associated with conduction disease, we sought to determine its prevalence in patients with idiopathic high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. METHODS: Consecutive patients aged 70-85 years undergoing PPM implantation for idiopathic high-degree AV block between November 2019 and November 2021 were offered a 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scan...

BACKGROUND: Despite significant cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis, real-world data on death due to cardiovascular disease among patients with sarcoidosis is not well established. METHODS AND RESULTS: We queried the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database for data on patients with sarcoidosis aged ≥25 years from 1999 to 2020. Diseases of the circulatory system except ischemic heart disease were listed as the underlying cause of death, and sarcoidosis was stated as a contributing cause of death...

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a significant public health problem worldwide. Death and rehospitalization rates are similar across different HF phenotypes. However, the existing Taiwanese HF registries mainly enrolled inpatients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) before 2019, so their results may not apply to outpatients or patients with HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) phenotypes. METHODS: The Taiwan Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Registry 2020 is a prospective, multicenter, observational registry that will enroll patients with HF from 27 hospitals in Taiwan between 2020 and 2022 and will be followed for two years...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether osteoarthritis (OA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); whether there are differences concerning ischaemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF) and stroke; and whether there are differences between OA sites (hips, knees and hand) in predicting CVD onset. DESIGN: Population-based matched case-control study. SETTING: Health insurance claims data among Japanese patients. PARTICIPANTS: Japanese patients aged ≥65 years with newly diagnosed CVD and hospitalised between January 2015 and December 2020 (cases) and age-matched and sex-matched 1:1 individuals (controls)...

AIM: Although the Fontan procedure has improved the survival of patients with single-ventricle heart disease, the long-term consequences of the procedure have been a concern. This study aimed to explore the patients' postoperative clinical characteristics, including a diagnosis of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD). METHODS: A nationwide Japanese epidemiological survey of post-Fontan patients was undertaken in 2021. The survey targets were selected from all departments of pediatrics, pediatric surgery, cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, and gastroenterology using stratified random sampling by the number of beds...

The prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular disease are relatively high. Currently, depression has been proven to be an independent risk factor for the occurrence and poor prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Psycho-cardiovascular comorbidity, as a reciprocal cause and effect, affects each other, leading to the deterioration of clinical prognosis and forming a vicious circle. Coronary artery disease comorbidity with depression is a common disease in psycho-cardiology medicine. This paper expounds on the exploration of the treatment model of psycho-cardiology from the aspects of epidemiological characteristics, comorbidity mechanism, screening, diagnosis, and treatment...

BACKGROUND: A defibrillator should be connected to all patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to allow early defibrillation. The defibrillator will collect signal data such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), thoracic impedance and end-tidal CO2 , which allows for research on how patients demonstrate different responses to CPR. The aim of this review is to give an overview of methodological challenges and opportunities in using defibrillator data for research. METHODS: The successful collection of defibrillator files has several challenges...

This paper discusses the potential of additive printing, the risks it poses to users' health (including 3D printer operators) and the effects of chemical substances released during the printing based on the available in vitro and in vivo studies. It was shown that substances emitted during printing with the commonly used acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament in additive manufacturing might have carcinogenic, hepatotoxic and teratogenic effects, as well as toxic effect on the respiratory system. The latest research on the mechanism of formation of particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during 3D printing, the parameters affecting their potential emission, and trends in reducing these hazards are indicated...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing among young adults in the United States with pervasive racial and ethnic differences in this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate contemporary associations between race and ethnicity, clinical comorbidities, and outcomes among young to middle-aged adults with HF. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All participants with a self-report of HF aged 20-64 years from 2005 to 2018 were included and stratified by race and ethnicity [non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, NH Blacks, and Hispanics]...