large intestine

A 7-y-old, castrated male, leucistic sugar glider ( Petaurus breviceps ) was presented because of a progressive history of lethargy, ataxia, diarrhea, and anorexia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed fluid in the abdomen and an infiltrative mass in the liver. Due to a poor prognosis, euthanasia was performed. Postmortem examination revealed a focally extensive, infiltrative, off-white, firm mass in the liver with adhesion to the omentum, mesentery, gastric serosa, and diaphragm. The remaining hepatic parenchyma was diffusely yellow...

Intestinal health heavily depends on establishing a mucus layer within the gut with physical properties that strike a balance between being sufficiently elastic to keep out harmful pathogens yet viscous enough to flow and turnover the contents being digested. Studies investigating dysfunction of the mucus layer in the intestines are largely confined to animal models, which require invasive procedures to collect the mucus fluid. In this work, we develop a nondestructive method to study intestinal mucus. We use an air-liquid interface culture of primary human intestinal epithelial cells that exposes their apical surface to allow in situ analysis of the mucus layer...

Meckel's diverticula are one of the most common gastrointestinal anomalies, yet mesodiverticular bands are rare. The treatment of these bands commonly requires surgery. A healthy patient in his 20s presented to the emergency department with a 1 day history of acute onset abdominal pain. Computed tomography imaging was consistent with volvulus of the large intestine. In the operating room, the patient was noted to have a band between the ileal mesentery and tip of a Meckel's diverticulum, consistent with a mesodivertiular band, through which cecum had volvulized...

Chronic idiopathic ulcers of the colon pose diagnostic challenges due to their elusive etiology and potential resemblance to other intestinal pathologies, such as cecal carcinoma. This case report outlines the clinical course of a 68-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency department (ED) with persistent right lower quadrant pain. Despite multiple hospital visits yielding varied diagnoses, a definitive diagnosis was only made following a laparoscopic partial colectomy, which revealed chronic idiopathic ulcers with transmural scarring and adhesions to adjacent small intestine loops...

This case report explores the complex diagnostic dilemma between the Chilaiditi sign and the pneumoperitoneum. The patient presented with chronic complaints of vague abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and breathlessness. A chest X-ray indicated an elevated right hemidiaphragm with transverse colon interposition, leading to the diagnosis of Chilaiditi's sign. Subsequent imaging, including abdominal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography, revealed a large non-enhancing multilobulated multicystic mass adherent to the anterior wall of the uterus, raising suspicions of malignancy...

INTRODUCTION: Pigs are often used to study the intestinal development of newborns, particularly as preterm pig models that mimic the intestinal growth of human preterm infants. Neonatology's study of delivery mode's impact on neonatal development is crucial. METHODS: We established 14 newborn pigs delivered via cesarean sections (C-section, at 113 days of gestational age, CS group) and 8 naturally born pigs were used as controls (at 114 days of gestational age, NF group)...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the clinical practice patterns of post-polypectomy colonoscopic surveillance among Korean endoscopists. METHODS: In a web-based survey conducted between September and November 2021, participants were asked about their preferred surveillance intervals and the patient age at which surveillance was discontinued. Adherence to the recent guidelines of the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer (USMSTF) was also analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 196 endoscopists completed the survey...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum and highly efficient anticancer agent, but its clinical implication is limited by lethal cardiotoxicity. Growing evidences have shown that alterations in intestinal microbial composition and function, namely dysbiosis, are closely linked to the progression of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) through regulating the gut-microbiota-heart (GMH) axis. The role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in DIC, however, is largely unelucidated. Our review will focus on the potential mechanism between gut microbiota dysbiosis and DIC, so as to provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of DIC...

As we all acknowledge benefits of ostomies, they can come with significant morbidity, quality of life issues, and major complications, especially during reversal procedures. In recent years, we have started to observe that similar graft and patient survival can be achieved without ostomies in certain cases. This observation and practice adopted in a few large-volume transplant centers opened a new discussion about the necessity of ostomies in intestinal transplantation. There is still more time and randomized studies will be needed to better understand and analyze the risk/benefits of "No-ostomy" approach in intestinal transplantation...

Failure to close the abdomen after intestinal or multivisceral transplantation (Tx) remains a frequently occurring problem. Two attractive reconstruction methods, especially in large abdominal wall defects, are full-thickness abdominal wall vascularized composite allograft (AW-VCA) and nonvascularized rectus fascia (NVRF) Tx. This review compares surgical technique, immunology, integration, clinical experience, and indications of both techniques. In AW-VCA Tx, vascular anastomosis is required and the graft undergoes hypotrophy post-Tx...

HSO3 - is an important reactive sulfur species that maintains the normal physiological activities of living organisms and participates in a variety of redox homeostatic processes. It has been found that changes in HSO3 - levels is closely related to the heat stroke phenomenon of the organism. Heat stroke causes damage to normal cells, which in turn causes damage to the body and even death. It is crucial to accurately monitor and track the physiological behavior of HSO3 - during heat stroke. Herein, a ratiometric multifunctional fluorescent probe DRM-SO2 with dual-targeting ability to rapidly and precisely recognize HSO3 - being constructed based on the FRET mechanism...

Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses has been continuously posing a major challenge to public health. Pigs, as the major animal reservoirs for many zoonotic viruses, frequently mediate viral transmission to humans. This study comprehensively mapped the relationship between human and porcine coronaviruses through in-depth bioinformatics analysis. We found that human coronavirus OC43 and porcine coronavirus PHEV share a close phylogenetic relationship, evidenced by high genomic homology, similar codon usage patterns and comparable tertiary structure in spike proteins...

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is leading general tumour in the Gastrointestinal tract, which is fourth significant reason of tumour death in men and women. The common cure for GI cancer is radiation treatment, which contains directing a high-energy X-ray beam onto the tumor while avoiding healthy organs. To provide high dosages of X-rays, a system needs for accurately segmenting the GI tract organs. The study presents a UMobileNetV2 model for semantic segmentation of small and large intestine and stomach in MRI images of the GI tract...

The fidelity of vertical transmission is a critical factor in maintaining mutualistic associations with microorganisms. The obligate mutualism between termites and intestinal protist communities has been maintained for over 130 million years, suggesting the faithful transmission of diverse protist species across host generations. Although a severe bottleneck can occur when alates disperse with gut protists, how protist communities are maintained during this process remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dynamics of intestinal protist communities during adult eclosion and alate dispersal in the termite Reticulitermes speratus ...

Our understanding of region-specific microbial function within the gut is limited due to reliance on stool. Using a recently developed capsule device, we exploit regional sampling from the human intestines to develop models for interrogating small intestine (SI) microbiota composition and function. In vitro culturing of human intestinal contents produced stable, representative communities that robustly colonize the SI of germ-free mice. During mouse colonization, the combination of SI and stool microbes altered gut microbiota composition, functional capacity, and response to diet, resulting in increased diversity and reproducibility of SI colonization relative to stool microbes alone...

This technical note presents a comprehensive proteomics workflow for the new combination of Orbitrap and Astral mass analyzers across biofluids, cells, and tissues. Central to our workflow is the integration of Adaptive Focused Acoustics (AFA) technology for cells and tissue lysis, to ensure robust and reproducible sample preparation in a high-throughput manner. Furthermore, we automated the detergent-compatible single-pot, solid-phase-enhanced sample Preparation (SP3) method for protein digestion, a technique that streamlines the process by combining purification and digestion steps, thereby reducing sample loss and improving efficiency...

Tissue structure and molecular circuitry in the colon can be profoundly impacted by systemic age-related effects, but many of the underlying molecular cues remain unclear. Here, we built a cellular and spatial atlas of the colon across three anatomical regions and 11 age groups, encompassing ∼1,500 mouse gut tissues profiled by spatial transcriptomics and ∼400,000 single nucleus RNA-seq profiles. We developed a new computational framework, cSplotch, which learns a hierarchical Bayesian model of spatially resolved cellular expression associated with age, tissue region, and sex, by leveraging histological features to share information across tissue samples and data modalities...

INTRODUCTION: The hair coat status of cattle serves as an easily observed indicator of economic value in livestock production; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine differences in the intestinal microbiota and metabolome of cattle based on a division of with either slick and shining (SHC) or rough and dull (MHC) hair coat in Simmental cows. METHODS: Eight SHC and eight MHC late-pregnancy Simmental cows (with similar parities, body weights, and body conditions) were selected based on their hair coat status, and blood samples (plasma) from coccygeal venipuncture and fecal samples from the rectum were collected...

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer, encompassing two different entities, the intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) and the non-intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (non-ITAC). Occurrence of ITAC is strongly associated with exposure to hardwood dusts. In countries with predominant exposure to softwood dust the occurrence of sinonasal adenocarcinomas is lower and the relative amount of non-ITACs to ITACs is higher. The molecular mechanisms behind the tumorigenic effects of wood dust remain largely unknown...

BACKGROUND: Clostridium perfringens, a common environmental bacterium, is responsible for a variety of serious illnesses including food poisoning, digestive disorders, and soft tissue infections. Mastitis in lactating cattle and sudden death losses in baby calves are major problems for producers raising calves on dairy farms. The pathogenicity of this bacterium is largely mediated by its production of various toxins. RESULTS: The study revealed that Among the examined lactating animals with a history of mastitis, diarrheal baby calves, and acute sudden death cases in calves, C...