Endometrium cancer

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between some risk factors and endometrial pathologies determined by transvaginal sonography (TVS), as well as the diagnostic predictive values of serum oestradiol (E2) levels, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness, endometrium thickness (ET), and the ratio of ET to uterine wall full thickness (UWT) in differential diagnosis of malignant, precancerous, and benign pathologies of endometrium in patients with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) or with asymptomatic increased endometrial thickness...

Circulating proteins can reveal key pathways to cancer and identify therapeutic targets for cancer prevention. We investigate 2,074 circulating proteins and risk of nine common cancers (bladder, breast, endometrium, head and neck, lung, ovary, pancreas, kidney, and malignant non-melanoma) using cis protein Mendelian randomisation and colocalization. We conduct additional analyses to identify adverse side-effects of altering risk proteins and map cancer risk proteins to drug targets. Here we find 40 proteins associated with common cancers, such as PLAUR and risk of breast cancer [odds ratio per standard deviation increment: 2...

Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy with a high risk of recurrence. Local recurrence occurs in 7-20% of patients with treated stage I cancer within 3 years after primary treatment. In this study, we found significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of the oncoprotein KRAS, along with two replicative stress markers, ATR and CHEK1, in samples of endometrial carcinomas of endometrium (ECE) from patients with relapse. In contrast, mRNA expression levels of the studied genes were low and uniform in samples from patients without relapse...

Progesterone is a natural steroid hormone, while progestins are synthetic molecules. In the female reproductive system, progesterone contributes to the control of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion and their pulsatility, via its receptors on the kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin neurons in the hypothalamus. Progesterone together with estradiol controls the cyclic changes of proliferation and decidualization of the endometrium; exerts anti-mitogenic actions on endometrial epithelial cells; regulates normal menstrual bleeding; contributes to fertilization and pregnancy maintenance; participates in the onset of labor...

Endometrial somatically derived yolk sac tumors are characterized by yolk sac morphology with AFP, SALL-4, and/or Glypican-3 immunoexpression. Yolk sac marker expression, however, is not limited to tumors with overt yolk sac histology. Three hundred consecutive endometrial malignancies were assessed for immunomarkers of yolk sac differentiation. Of these, 9% expressed ≥1 yolk sac marker, including 29% of high-grade tumors. Only 3 (1%) met morphologic criteria for yolk sac differentiation; these were originally diagnosed as serous, high-grade NOS, and dedifferentiated carcinoma...

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In the dermatological spectrum of oncologic manifestations, cutaneous metastases from endometrial carcinoma stand as a rarity, given the tumour's predilection for neighbouring uterine regions. We present an exceptional case of a patient in her mid-50s, whereby an endometrial carcinoma, defying conventional pathways, manifested on the skin and nail of her distal fourth finger, an unusual site for cutaneous metastases, with a specific histology of the primary cancer.

BACKGROUND: Although hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of endometrial pathology, the gynecologist experience is crucial for a correct diagnosis. Deep learning (DL), as an artificial intelligence method, might help to overcome this limitation. Unfortunately, only preliminary findings are available, with the absence of studies evaluating the performance of DL models in identifying intrauterine lesions and the possible aid related to the inclusion of clinical factors in the model...

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a global public health problem. A practical solution would be to build physical activity into the daily routine by using active modes of transport. Choice of transport mode can influence cancer risk through their effects on levels of physical activity, sedentary time, and environmental pollution. This review synthesizes existing evidence on the associations of specific transport modes with risks of site-specific cancers. METHODS: Relevant literature was searched in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from 1914 to 17th February 2023...

Previous research indicates that carcinogenesis involves disrupting the functions of numerous genes, including factors involved in the regulation of transcription and cell proliferation. For these reasons, in endometrial carcinogenesis, we decided to investigate the expression of TSG101 (a suppressor of tumor transformation) and LSF (a transcription factor involved in numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, cell growth, development, and apoptosis). LSF may be involved in the regulation of TSG101 expression...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a potent intervention for addressing obesity-related medical conditions and achieving sustainable weight loss. Beyond its conventional role, MBS has demonstrated potential to serve as a transitional step for patients requiring various interventions. However, the implications of MBS in the context of neoplasia remain understudied. OBJECTIVES: To explore the feasibility of MBS as a possible attempt to reduce surgical and treatment risks in patients with benign tumors or low-grade cancers...

Mesonephric adenocarcinomas (MAs) and mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas (MLAs) are rare, aggressive neoplasms that arise in the gynecologic tract and show overlapping morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. While MAs occur in the cervix and are thought to arise from mesonephric remnants, MLAs occur in the endometrium and ovary and are believed to originate from transdifferentiation of Müllerian lesions. Both MAs and MLAs show a variety of architectural patterns, exhibit frequent expression of GATA3 by immunohistochemistry, and harbor KRAS mutations...

AIM: Our aim is to investigate the effect of uterine lower segment involvement on prognosis of early-stage endometrial cancer cases diagnosed and treated in our clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The file records of 316 cases reviewed retrospectively.Only stage I (a and b, n=209) cases were investigated, because they were more homogeneous group. RESULTS: The lymphovascular invasion rate was found to be higher in patients with stage Ia and uterine lower segment involvement (p < 0...

Serous endometrial carcinoma (SEC) constitutes about 10% of endometrial carcinomas and is one of the most aggressive and lethal types of uterine cancer. Due to the rapid progression of SEC, early detection of this disease is of utmost importance. However, molecular and cellular dynamics during the pre-dysplastic stage of this disease remain largely unknown. Here, we provide a comprehensive census of cell types and their states for normal, pre-dysplastic, and dysplastic endometrium in a mouse model of SEC. This model is associated with inactivation of tumor suppressor genes Trp53 and Rb1 , whose pathways are altered frequently in SEC...

Breast cancer is the second leading contributor to the age-standardized mortality rate, for both sexes and all ages worldwide. In Europe and the United States, it is the second leading cause of mortality, with an incidence rate of about 2.6 million cases per year. Noscapine, a well-known alkaloid used as a cough suppressant, demonstrated anti-tumor effects by triggering apoptosis in various cancer cell lines and has the potential to become another ally against breast, ovarian, colon, and gastric cancer, among other types of malignancy...

Lymphovascular invasion (LVSI) is defined as the presence of tumor cells within a definite endothelial-lined space (lymphatics or blood vessels) in the organ surrounding invasive carcinoma. The presence of LVI is associated with an increased risk of lymph nodes and distant metastases. Lymphovascular invasion is described as cancer within blood or lymph vessels and is an independent risk factor for metastasis, recurrence, and mortality. This study aims to present the marker-based immunohistological characterization of cells around LVSI in a high-grade adenocarcinoma of the endometrium to build a cellular atlas of cells of LVSI...

PURPOSE: The Ethos (Varian Medical Systems) radiotherapy device combines semi-automated anatomy detection and plan generation for cone beam computer tomography (CBCT)-based daily online adaptive radiotherapy (oART). However, CBCT offers less soft tissue contrast than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This work aims to present the clinical workflow of CBCT-based oART with shuttle-based offline MR guidance. METHODS: From February to November 2023, 31 patients underwent radiotherapy on the Ethos (Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA) system with machine learning (ML)-supported daily oART...

BACKGROUND: As a dedifferentiated tumor, small cell endometrial neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare and frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Current treatment recommendations are often extrapolated from histologically similar tumors in other sites or based on retrospective studies. The exploration for diagnostic and therapeutic markers in small cell NETs is of great significance. METHODS: In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on a specimen obtained from a patient diagnosed with small cell endometrial neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) based on pathology...

OBJECTIVE: The global incidence of endometrial cancer, a malignant tumor in females, is on the rise. It is one of the most common gynecological cancers. Early-stage endometrial cancers can often be treated successfully with uterine extirpation. However, those diagnosed at a later stage have a poor prognosis and encounter treatment challenges. Therefore, additional research is necessary to develop primary prevention strategies for high-risk women and improve survival rates among patients with endometrial cancer...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of molecular and pathologic factors with concurrent or recurrent ovarian disease to guide ovarian preservation in endometrioid endometrial cancer. METHODS: Patients with endometrial cancer ≤50 years of age at diagnosis were grouped by elective oophorectomy versus ovarian preservation at staging (January 2010 to June 2021). Tumors were stratified by molecular sub-type and CTNNB1 mutational status with next generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry...