pre operative antibiotics

Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) demonstrates a preference for vascular tissue and is an infrequent etiology of mycotic aortic arteritis (MAA), mostly occurring in the abdominal aorta. MAA characteristically has a rapid progression to aneurysm formation and subsequently, to aortic rupture. We present a 73-year-old woman with non-aneurysmal mycotic thoracic aortic arteritis (MTAA) complicated with a rupture caused by C. fetus. She presented after four days of pain in the lower abdomen. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed non-aneurysmal descending thoracic aorta arteritis and an abdominal aorta aneurysm, and the blood cultures were positive for C...

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a major undertaking with profound peri-operative metabolic and haemodynamic alterations. It requires standardised protocols for immediate postoperative intensive care management to improve patient-related outcomes. A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained data-base of 244 patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC between June 2017 and July 2022 in our institute was done. Based on the audit, six strategies were implemented, namely, (1) dynamic multiparameter-based IVF therapy to aggressively correct the hyperlactatemia, (2) initiation of IV 20% human albumin infusion from POD-0, (3) correction of serum iCa2+ levels, (4) initiation of diuresis from POD-1, (5) prophylactic use of HFNO immediately post-extubation and (6) serum procalcitonin level-based empiric escalation of IV antibiotics...

UNLABELLED: Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection caused by gram-positive bacteria, Actinomyces, which commonly colonize the oral cavity, urogenital tract and gastrointestinal tract. It causes opportunistic infection where the mucosal barrier is compromised and is often misdiagnosed as malignancy. We report a case of a 58-year-old female with severe abdominal pain and a palpable tender mass in the left lower quadrant. Computed tomography scan with contrast showed thickening of the transverse, descending to sigmoid colon wall and intense contrast enhancement resembling colitis with mesenteritis...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of vancomycin/tobramycin local antibiotic powder (LAP) on surgical site infections (SSIs) after open treatment of fractures. DESIGN: This was a retrospective comparative study with propensity matching. SETTING: The study was set in an urban level 1 trauma center. PATIENTS SELECTION CRITERIA: Patients undergoing open procedures for fracture performed by a single surgeon before and after cessation of routine LAP use were included...

OBJECTIVE: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement is associated with high rates of infection. Multiple standardized protocols, particularly in pediatric populations, have been proposed to mitigate this infection rate. We sought to determine the effectiveness of a standardized shunt infection protocol in a large adult population. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of adults presenting for primary cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement from 2012 to 2022. The primary outcome of interest was shunt infection...

INTRODUCTION: The usual cause of a distal tibial fracture is a high-energy trauma. Although multiple options are available for their treatment such as intramedullary nailing, open plating, and external fixator, each of these options might result in a non-union. Knowing the type of non-union not only allows us to guess the cause but also directs us toward the best possible treatment. Despite this, we might still get surprises on the operating table due to pre-operative misdiagnosis. CASE REPORT: Reporting a case of a 42-year-old male with a 15-month-old left distal tibia non-union...

BACKGROUND: This review was designed to examine the effect of long-term (≥2 days) vs. short-term (1 day) and single-day vs. single preoperative doses of antibiotic prophylaxis on surgical site infection (SSI) rates after orthognathic surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) without any date or language restriction till 1st September 2023. SSI rates were pooled to generate risk ratio (RR)...

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)are known to be diagnosed late or inaccurately. This has fueled the unscrupulous use of antibiotics, as they are often used empirically and clinically, leading to antibiotic abuse and multidrug resistance in patients. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), now widely used in clinical studies, could be a potential intervention to revolutionize microbiology by rapidly identifying unknown species. METHODS: This review and meta-analysis were conducted on eligible studies with respect to metagenomic sequencing on clinical LRTI diagnostics up to May 01, 2022...

INTRODUCTION: Bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit have always been a global healthcare challenge. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the yearly trend of antibiotic resistance in non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) causing septicemia in intensive care units. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from the patients admitted in various intensive care units and processed for isolation and identification of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli...

Inner ear involvement (IED) is a rare local complication of the very common acute otitis media (AOM). The most beneficial treatment for IED remains a matter of debate. The aim of this study is to analyze different treatment modalities based on hearing outcomes to contribute to the discussion of therapy for IED in AOM. This retrospective study includes 112 adult patients diagnosed with AOM with IED between 2000 and 2020. Patients either received conservative (systemic antibiotic and systemic steroid therapy), interventional (conservative plus myringotomy and tympanic tube) or operative (interventional plus antrotomy) treatment...

Over the previous three decades, the rate of caesarean sections performed worldwide has grown exponentially. In comparison to a vaginal birth, the risk of all postpartum infections is higher with a cesarean section. One of the key factors contributing to maternal morbidity is the development of infectious complications in the surgical site after a caesarean section. The primary goal of the research was to compare the efficiency of using ampicillin/sulbactam (AMS) and cefepime (CEF) to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) following caesarean delivery...

In dairy operations, antibiotics have traditionally been used to treat, prevent, and control diseases. However, given the mounting global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), farmers are urged to re-assess and reduce their reliance on antibiotics. Thus, this randomized, double-blinded cohort study aimed to estimate the prevalence of failed and successful transfer of passive immunity (FTPI and STPI) in dairy goat kids reared under commercial conditions, and the effects of antibiotic metaphylaxis on the pre-weaning (≤42 d old) mortality in FTPI and STPI kids...

OBJECTIVES: Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is inflammation of the pelvic organs, mainly originating from the lower genital tract and intestinal tract. Treatment options include antibiotic therapy, surgical drainage, and radiologically guided (interventional) drainage. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the treatment method to be chosen and thus to manage patients with tuba ovarian abscesses (TOAs) most accurately. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study, and patients who applied to a tertiary center diagnosed with tuba ovarian abscess (TOA) were included...

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the most effective non-pharmacological approach in the reduction of ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurrence. However, it is crucial to thoroughly screen every patient for contraindications for RFA and provide appropriate pharmacological prophylaxis, if needed, since adverse effects may be fatal. CASE SUMMARY: A 77-year-old male with multi-vessel coronary artery disease, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III), with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was admitted to our clinic due to recurrent life-threatening VT...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the graft outcome and postoperative infection of with and without the use of antibiotic ointment following myringoplasty for the treatment of chronic perforations. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 135 chronic perforations were prospectively randomized to use of antibiotic ointment group (UAO, n = 68) or no use of antibiotic ointment group (NAO, n = 67) following myringoplasty...

INTRODUCTION: Horse clinics are hotspots for the accumulation and spread of clinically relevant and zoonotic multidrug-resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL) Enterobacterales. Although median laparotomy in cases of acute equine colic is a frequently performed surgical intervention, knowledge about the effects of peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) based on a combination of penicillin and gentamicin on the gut microbiota is limited. METHODS: We collected fecal samples of horses from a non-hospitalized control group (CG) and from horses receiving either a pre-surgical single-shot (SSG) or a peri-operative 5-day (5DG) course of PAP...

PURPOSE: One of the many consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic was a worldwide lockdown of ophthalmic surgery procedures for several months in 2020. The present study aims to answer the following question: does an intermission of cataract surgery for two months cause an increase in complication rates? METHODS: In this retrospective clinical chart review, data was taken from Dutch cataract complication registration database that contains pre-, intra- and postoperative information of patients that underwent cataract surgery in the Netherlands...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI), identify the isolated bacteria, and assess antibiotic sensitivity in patients undergoing orthopedic implant fixation for hip fractures. METHODOLOGY: After ethical approval from the institutional review board, this retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Orthopedic Surgery Department of Dow University Hospital Karachi from June 2022 to June 2023. Through non-probability consecutive sampling, 186 patients above 16 years of age, of either gender, presenting with hip fractures such as intracapsular or extracapsular fractures, who underwent surgical fixation, were included in the study...

OBJECTIVES: To describe results of single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction (ssLTR) in patients with solid organ transplants and to discuss modifications which need to be considered in this subset of patients pre-operatively, intra-operatively and post-operatively. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective case series review of children undergoing single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction in the context of prior solid organ transplant. SETTING: A tertiary care academic setting...

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is one of the most common pediatric surgical procedures in the United States. However, wide variation remains in antibiotic prescribing and pain management across and within institutions. We aimed to minimize variation in antibiotic usage and decrease opioid prescribing at discharge for children with complicated appendicitis by implementation of a quality improvement (QI) initiative. METHODS: On December 1st, 2021, a QI initiative standardizing postoperative care for complicated appendicitis was implemented across a tertiary pediatric healthcare system with two main surgical centers...