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REVIEW
Valerie Y H van Weperen, Marmar Vaseghi
The meticulous control of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic tone regulates all facets of cardiac function. This precise calibration of cardiac efferent innervation is dependent on sensory information that is relayed from the heart to the central nervous system. The vagus nerve, which contains vagal cardiac afferent fibers, carries sensory information to the brainstem. Vagal afferent signaling has been predominantly shown to increase parasympathetic efferent response and vagal tone. However, cardiac vagal afferent signaling appears to change after cardiac injury, though much remains unknown...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroscience
#42
Eva M Wu, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Jacques J Morcos
Venous hemorrhagic infarction is rare but can occur during acoustic neuroma resection [1-5]. We present the case of a 27-year-old male with 1.5 years of progressive headaches, tinnitus, imbalance and hearing loss. Imaging revealed a left Koos 4 acoustic neuroma. The patient underwent a retrosigmoid approach for resection. During surgery, a vein of significant size within the capsule of the tumor was encountered and was necessary to take to proceed with resection. After coagulation of the vein, intraoperative venous congestion with cerebellar edema and hemorrhagic infarction ensued, requiring resection of a portion of the cerebellum...
June 10, 2023: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
#43
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanjun Rao, Jihong Wei, Shuang Liu, Bo Liao
OBJECTIVE: To establish a predictive model for severe swallowing disorder after acute ischemic stroke based on nomogram model, and evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted. The patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Mianyang Central Hospital from October 2018 to October 2021 were enrolled. Patients were divided into severe swallowing disorder group and non-severe swallowing disorder group according to whether severe swallowing disorder occurred within 72 hours after admission...
April 2023: Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue
#44
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christoph Oster, Benjamin Stolte, Livia Asan, Refik Pul, Stephan Klebe, Martin Köhrmann, Katharina Breuckmann, Christoph Rischpler, Cornelius Deuschl, Sebastian Dolff, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Tim Hagenacker
PURPOSE: We present the case of a 24-year-old male with CNS granulomatosis due to an immunodeficiency syndrome which was identified as deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) as a cause of brainstem infarction. METHODS: Case report and detailed description of the clinical course of diagnosis and treatment. CASE: The patient's medical history consisted of an unknown immunodeficiency syndrome. Based on former findings, common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was diagnosed...
June 12, 2023: Journal of Clinical Immunology
#45
Varadaraya Satyanarayan Shenoy, Laligam N Sekhar
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) can lead to devastating brainstem and posterior cerebral infarction without timely treatment.1 A 56-year-old man with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus presented to the clinic with right hemiparesis due to previous left cerebral hemispheric stroke. He also harbored a giant asymptomatic parietooccipital meningioma incidentally diagnosed 2-years ago. Neuroimaging showed old left cerebral infarcts and a tumor that had remained stable in size. Cerebral angiography identified bilateral vertebral artery stenosis near their origin from the subclavian arteries with severe vertebrobasilar insufficiency...
May 26, 2023: World Neurosurgery
#46
REVIEW
Cameron D Owens, Camila Bonin Pinto, Sam Detwiler, Peter Mukli, Anna Peterfi, Zsofia Szarvas, Jordan R Hoffmeister, Juliette Galindo, Jila Noori, Angelia C Kirkpatrick, Tarun W Dasari, Judith James, Stefano Tarantini, Anna Csiszar, Zoltan Ungvari, Calin I Prodan, Andriy Yabluchanskiy
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the leading cause of vascular cognitive impairment and is associated with COVID-19. However, contributing factors that often accompany CSVD pathology in COVID-19 patients may influence the incidence of cerebrovascular complications. Thus, a mechanism linking COVID-19 and CSVD has yet to be uncovered and differentiated from age-related comorbidities (i.e., hypertension), and medical interventions during acute infection. We aimed to evaluate CSVD in acute and recovered COVID-19 patients and to differentiate COVID-19-related cerebrovascular pathology from the above-mentioned contributing factors by assessing the localization of microbleeds and ischemic lesions/infarctions in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem...
July 2023: Ageing Research Reviews
#47
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander J Schupper, Alex Devarajan, Dong-Seok Lee, Enrique Perez, Raj K Shrivastava
BACKGROUND: The complexity of posterior fossa surgery can often lead to rare complications due to the anatomy involved. Vestibular schwannoma resection is a common pathology in the posterior fossa, often requiring surgical intervention. Given the proximity of this space to the brainstem, cranial nerve VII/VIII complex, and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), neurovascular complications are not infrequent. A rare vascular complication from this surgical approach is a lateral medullary infarction from injury to the lateral medullary segment of the proximal PICA, leading to central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS)...
May 22, 2023: J Neurosurg Case Lessons
#48
Ziyun Yuan, Lei Xiang, Ran Liu, Wei Yue
BACKGROUND: The middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) is the most common site associated with hearing impairment in acute ischaemic stroke. Narrowing or occlusion of the vertebrobasilar artery due to atherosclerosis is thought to be the main pathogenesis of MCP infarction. Most previous reports of MCP infarction have not been clear whether the patient's hearing impairment is localized to the center or periphery. CASE PRESENTATION: We report 44-year-old man with vertigo, tinnitus, and bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) as the first symptoms...
2023: Frontiers in Medicine
#49
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Luo, Fei Liu, Liang Zhao, Baochun Cheng, Yangchun Hu, Xiaojian Wang
BACKGROUND: This study is aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of endovascular treatments for patients with intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms. METHODS: Clinical data of 32 patients with vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms who underwent endovascular procedures in the Department of Neurosurgery of our University from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Nine cases were treated with endovascular occlusion; 23 cases received reconstructive treatment, including 20 cases of stent combined with coil embolization, and 3 cases of stent implantation...
May 2023: Heliyon
#50
Atsushi Tsukada, Kiyoyuki Yanaka, Eiichi Ishikawa
BACKGROUND: Diseases presenting with only downward gaze palsy are extremely rare particular in cerebral hemorrhage. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 63-year-old man with no medical history developed a downward-dominant vertical gaze paralysis with a convergence disorder. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a small hemorrhage of 13 mm in diameter in the right midbrain tegmental area. The patient was conservatively treated. His symptoms showed a gradual improvement from upward gaze paralysis and convergence disorder followed by downward gaze paralysis...
2023: Surgical Neurology International
#51
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linjing Wang, Weibin Gao, Qiang Tang, Luwen Zhu, Minmin Wu
INTRODUCTION: Research has demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of paralyzed muscles significantly improves nerve regeneration and functional recovery. DESCRIPTION: An 81-year-old man with no history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension presented with a history of brainstem infarction. Initially, the patient had medial rectus palsy in the left eye and diplopia to the right in both eyes, which almost returned to normal after six sessions of EA. METHODS: The CARE guidelines informed the case study report...
April 29, 2023: Explore: the Journal of Science and Healing
#52
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristin Lucia, Sarah Reitz, Elke Hattingen, Helmuth Steinmetz, Volker Seifert, Marcus Czabanka
INTRODUCTION: Despite current clinical guidelines recommending suboccipital decompressive craniectomy (SDC) in cerebellar infarction when patients present with neurological deterioration, the precise definition of neurological deterioration remains unclear and accurate timing of SDC can be challenging. The current study aimed at characterizing whether clinical outcomes can be predicted by the GCS score immediately prior to SDC and whether higher GCS scores are associated with better clinical outcomes...
2023: Frontiers in Neurology
#53
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoshiyuki Matsumoto, Ryuta Nakae, Tetsuro Sekine, Eigo Kodani, Geoffrey Warnock, Yutaka Igarashi, Takashi Tagami, Yasuo Murai, Kensuke Suzuki, Shoji Yokobori
BACKGROUND: The effect of posterior cranial fossa stroke on changes in cerebral volume is not known. We assessed cerebral volume changes in patients with acute posterior fossa stroke using CT scans, and looked for risk factors for cerebral atrophy. METHODS: Patients with cerebellar or brainstem hemorrhage/infarction admitted to the ICU, and who underwent at least two subsequent inpatient head CT scans during hospitalization were included (n = 60). The cerebral volume was estimated using an automatic segmentation method...
June 2023: Acta Neurochirurgica
#54
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ellen Gelpi, Sigrid Klotz, Miriam Beyerle, Sven Wischnewski, Verena Harter, Harald Kirschner, Katharina Stolz, Christoph Reisinger, Elisabeth Lindeck-Pozza, Alexander Zoufaly, Marlene Leoni, Gregor Gorkiewicz, Martin Zacharias, Christine Haberler, Johannes Hainfellner, Adelheid Woehrer, Simon Hametner, Thomas Roetzer, Till Voigtländer, Gerda Ricken, Verena Endmayr, Carmen Haider, Judith Ludwig, Andrea Polt, Gloria Wilk, Susanne Schmid, Irene Erben, Anita Nguyen, Susanna Lang, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Christoph Kornauth, Maja Nackenhorst, Johannes Kläger, Renate Kain, Andreas Chott, Richard Wasicky, Robert Krause, Günter Weiss, Judith Löffler-Rag, Thomas Berger, Patrizia Moser, Afshin Soleiman, Martin Asslaber, Roland Sedivy, Nikolaus Klupp, Martin Klimpfinger, Daniele Risser, Herbert Budka, Lucas Schirmer, Anne-Katrin Pröbstel, Romana Höftberger
BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms underlying acute and long-term neurological symptoms after COVID-19. Neuropathological studies can contribute to a better understanding of some of these mechanisms. METHODS: We conducted a detailed postmortem neuropathological analysis of 32 patients who died due to COVID-19 during 2020 and 2021 in Austria. RESULTS: All cases showed diffuse white matter damage with a diffuse microglial activation of a variable severity, including one case of hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy...
March 31, 2023: Viruses
#55
Kevin Agyemang, Rony Gómez Rodríguez, Victor Hugo Rocha Marussi, Sally Allinson Marte Arias, Alexander Feliciano Vilcahuaman Paitań, José Maria Campos Filho, Feres Chaddad-Neto
INTRODUCTION: Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are considered variants of normal transmedullary veins. Their association with cavernous malformations is reported to increase the risk of hemorrhage. Expert consensus recommends meticulous planning with MR imaging, use of anatomical "safe zones", intraoperative monitoring of long tracts and cranial nerve nuclei, and preservation of the DVA as key to avoiding complications in brainstem cavernoma microsurgery. Symptomatic outflow restriction of DVA is rare, with the few reported cases in the literature restricted to DVAs in the supratentorial compartment...
2023: Frontiers in Neurology
#56
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kota Kurisu, Kazuki Uchida, Tomohiro Okuyama, Kei Miyata, Yoshitaka Yamaguchi, Minoru Ajiki, Tatsuro Takada, Masaaki Hokari, Katsuyuki Asaoka, Koji Itamoto, Miki Fujimura
OBJECTIVE: Clinical characteristics of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) secondary to atherosclerosis are not fully delineated. An optimal treatment strategy with considerations of stroke etiology has not yet been established. Here-in, we performed retrospective analysis of EVT for atherosclerotic AIS. METHODS: Data from patients with AIS who underwent EVT between 2017 and 2022 were analyzed. Clinical characteristics, procedural data, and outcomes were assessed...
March 16, 2023: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
#57
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julian Conrad, Bernhard Baier, Laurenz Eberle, Ria Maxine Ruehl, Rainer Boegle, Andreas Zwergal, Marianne Dieterich
OBJECTIVE: Thalamic dysfunction in lesions or neurodegeneration may alter verticality perception and lead to postural imbalance and falls. The aim of the current study was to delineate the structural and functional connectivity network architecture of the vestibular representations in the thalamus by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with acute unilateral isolated thalamic infarcts were studied prospectively with emphasis on the perception of verticality (tilts of the subjective visual vertical [SVV])...
July 2023: Annals of Neurology
#58
REVIEW
Zaki A Sherif, Christian R Gomez, Thomas J Connors, Timothy J Henrich, William Brian Reeves
COVID-19, with persistent and new onset of symptoms such as fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction that last for months and impact everyday functioning, is referred to as Long COVID under the general category of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). PASC is highly heterogenous and may be associated with multisystem tissue damage/dysfunction including acute encephalitis, cardiopulmonary syndromes, fibrosis, hepatobiliary damages, gastrointestinal dysregulation, myocardial infarction, neuromuscular syndromes, neuropsychiatric disorders, pulmonary damage, renal failure, stroke, and vascular endothelial dysregulation...
March 22, 2023: ELife
#59
REVIEW
Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Vaccination: A Narrative Review.
Mohadeseh Feizi, Danielle R Isen, Mehdi Tavakoli
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has vastly affected the whole world. Although respiratory disease is the most common manifestation of COVID-19, the virus can affect multiple organs. Neurotropic aspects of the virus are increasingly unfolding, in so far as some respiratory failures are attributed to brainstem involvement. The neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 and the neuro-ophthalmic side effects of vaccination were reviewed. The major findings are that the SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly causes headaches and ocular pain...
2023: Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research
#60
Abdiwahid Ahmed Ibrahim, Ahmet Bakir, Nor Osman Sidow, Abdiladhif Mohamed Ali, Mohamed Farah Osman, Abdulkadir Ahmed, Mohamed Sheikh Hassan
UNLABELLED: Lateral medullary syndrome (LMS) is a less common form of a brainstem stroke. It is the result of occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). It is caused by atherosclerosis, thrombosis, or emboli from another source. CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with vertigo, vomiting, slurred speech, hiccups, and left-side weakness associated with paresthesia for 1 day. He had a past medical history of uncontrolled hypertension and a smoking habit...
March 2023: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
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