Adrenomedullin

Endogenous inhibitory mechanisms promote resolution of inflammation, enhance tissue repair and integrity, and promote homeostasis in the lung. These mechanisms include steroid hormones, regulatory T cells, IL-10, prostaglandin E2 , prostaglandin I2 , lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, adrenomedullin, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide. Here we review the most recent literature regarding these endogenous inhibitory mechanisms in asthma, which remain a promising target for the prevention and treatment of asthma...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been found to have a high mortality rate. Despite continuous efforts, current histopathological classification is insufficient to guide individualized therapies of PDA. We first define the molecular subtypes of PDA (MSOP) based on a meta cohort of 845 samples from 11 PDA datasets. We then performed functional analyses involving immunity, fibrosis, and metabolism. We recognized six molecular subtypes with different survival statistics and molecular composition. The squamous basal-like (SBL) subtype had a poor prognosis and high infiltration of ENO1 + (Enolase 1)/ADM + (Adrenomedullin) cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)...

UNLABELLED: The development of lower respiratory complications in children with primary immunodeficiencies characterized by recurrent infections significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. This is clinically more important and specific in the evaluation of prognosis. The inflammatory response that develops throughout the clinical process can cause the release of several biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory biomarker "mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM)" levels by distribution of lower respiratory tract complications...

Cuproptosis, a new type of copper-induced cell death, is involved in the antitumor activity and resistance of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Our previous study revealed that adrenomedullin (ADM) was engaged in sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, it has yet to be investigated whether and how ADM regulates sunitinib resistance by cuproptosis. This study found that the ADM expression was elevated in sunitinib-resistant ccRCC tissues and cells. Furthermore, the upregulation of ADM significantly enhanced the chemoresistance of sunitinib compared with their respective control...

PURPOSE: Vitamin D receptors (VDR) play important roles in cardiovascular, immune, metabolic and other functions. Activation of VDR may help improve endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and cardiac hypertrophy. However, the specific target genes and mechanisms of VDR in improving Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) functions remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the function and mechanism of VDR in HUVECs. METHODS: Endothelial dysfunction cell model was constructed by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)...

Differential diagnosis between Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and other causes of systemic inflammatory response such as sepsis is complex. The aims were to evaluate the differences between pediatric patients with MIS-C and sepsis and to develop a score to distinguish both entities. This was a retrospective study that compared demographic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data of pediatric patients with MIS-C (cohort 2020-2022) and sepsis (cohorts 2010-2014 and 2017-2018) admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care hospital...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a highly mixed ailment that affects patients with numerous conditions of infectious sources and can lead to multi-organ failure with dysregulated host immune response. OBJECTIVE: To determine inflammatory biomarkers in patients with sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria and compare their role in the early detection of sepsis. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit at different hospitals in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, from May to December 2021...

Due to the high mortality rate of COVID-19 and its high variability and mutability, it is essential to know the body's defense mechanisms against this virus. Saliva has numerous functions, such as digestion, protection, and antimicrobial effects. Salivary diagnostic tests for many oral and systemic diseases will be available soon because saliva is a pool of biological markers. The most important antiviral and antibacterial compounds identified in saliva include lysozyme, lactoferrin (LF), mucins, cathelicidin, salivary secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA), chromogranin A, cathelicidin, salivary agglutinin (SAG) (gp340, DMBT1), α, β defensins, cystatin, histatins, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), heat shock protein (HSP), adrenomedullin and microRNA (miRNAs)...

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an easily recognized abnormality of coronary artery anatomy and morphology. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify abnormal methylation-modified genes in patients with CAE, which could provide a research basis for CAE. METHODS: Peripheral venous blood samples from patients with CAE were collected for RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by functional enrichment...

BACKGROUND: Identifying a panel of markers detecting kidney injury before the glomerular filtration rate reduction is a challenge to improving the diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients. This study evaluated the roles of tissue inhibitor metal proteinase-2, insulin growth factor binding protein-7 (TIMP2*IGFBP7), and mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) in patients with AKI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was prospectively conducted in an intensive care unit (ICU) enrolling 230 patients who underwent cardiac surgery...

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatments are crucial to reducing mortality risk in septic patients. Low SOFA scores and current biomarkers may not adequately discern patients that could develop severe organ dysfunction or have an elevated mortality risk. The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the predictive value of the biomarkers mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis, and patients with a SOFA score ≤6...

Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Until a few years ago, preventive migraine treatments were based on molecules with pleiotropic targets, developed for other indications, and discovered by serendipity to be effective in migraine prevention, although often burdened by tolerability issues leading to low adherence. However, the progresses in unravelling the migraine pathophysiology allowed identifying novel putative targets as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)...

Background Premature and early menopause are independently associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, mechanisms linking age of menopause with CVD remain poorly characterized. Methods and Results We measured 71 circulating CVD protein biomarkers in 1565 postmenopausal women enrolled in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study). We examined the association of early menopause with biomarkers and tested whether early menopause modified the association of biomarkers with incident cardiovascular outcomes (heart failure, major CVD, and all-cause death) using multivariable-adjusted linear regression and Cox models, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a major cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis, as well as effective risk stratification, are essential for optimizing clinical management and improving patient outcomes. In this context, biomarkers have gained increasing interest in recent years as they can provide important diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with AHF. AIM AND METHODS: The primary objective of the present study was to compare the levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), and C-reactive protein (CRP) between patients diagnosed with acute heart failure (AHF) and those without AHF and sepsis...

OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease worsens the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and vice-versa. Inflammation may be a common pathway for both conditions. It is expected that a longer RA duration leads to a greater inflammatory cumulative exposure burden; however, studies on the association between RA disease duration and outcomes are scarce. Our aim is to compare the characteristics, biomarker expression and outcomes according to the duration of RA. METHODS: Prospective cohort study including 399 RA patients, with detailed clinical, echocardiographic, and proteomic phenotyping that were compared across tertiles of RA disease duration...

On the tongue, the T1R-independent pathway (comprising glucose transporters, including sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and the KATP channel) detects only sugars, whereas the T1R-dependent (T1R2/T1R3) pathway can broadly sense various sweeteners. Cephalic-phase insulin release, a rapid release of insulin induced by sensory signals in the head after food-related stimuli, reportedly depends on the T1R-independent pathway, and the competitive sweet taste modulators leptin and endocannabinoids may function on these two different sweet taste pathways independently, suggesting independent roles of two oral sugar-detecting pathways in food intake...

The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids with a disulfide bond and an amidated C-terminus. Due to the vasodilatory and cardioprotective effects, the agonistic activity of the peptide on the adrenomedullin 1 receptor (AM1 R) is of high pharmacological interest. However, the wild-type peptide shows low metabolic stability leading to rapid degradation in the cardiovascular system. Previous work by our group has identified proteolytic cleavage sites and demonstrated stabilization of ADM by lipidation, cyclization, and N-methylation...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The metabolic network of cancer cells has been reprogrammed - relying more on aerobic glycolysis to gain energy, which is an important reason for drug resistance. Expression of adrenomedullin (ADM) in ovarian cancer tissues is related to resistance to platinum-based drugs. In view of this, we intended to investigate the correlation between ADM and glucose metabolism reprogramming of tumor cells to clarify the possible mechanism of ADM-induced ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance through glucose metabolism reprogramming...

BACKGROUND: Adrenomedullin is a vasodilatory peptide with a role in microcirculatory and endothelial homeostasis. Adrenomedullin is a substrate for neprilysin and may therefore play a role in beneficial effects of sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) treatment. METHODS: Mid-regional pro-peptide of adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) was measured in 156 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treated with Sac/Val and 264 patients with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) randomized to treatment with Sac/Val or valsartan...

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a disabling and chronic neurovascular headache disorder. Trigeminal vascular activation and release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of migraine. This knowledge has led to the development of CGRP(-receptor) therapies. Yet, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to these treatments. Therefore, alternative targets for future therapies are warranted. The current narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological role of these possible non-CGRP targets in migraine...