Irritable colon syndrome

Constipation encompasses symptoms of decreased colonic motility or difficulty with the defecation process. As a broad definition, this can be inclusive of functional constipation (FC) or colonic inertia, obstructed defecation (OD), and irritable bowel syndrome-constipation type (IBS-CS). After excluding IBS-C, FC and OD diagnosis and management require a multidisciplinary approach often involving nutritionists, pelvic floor therapists, urogynecologists, and colon and rectal surgeons. Differentiating the presence or absence of each can direct therapy and prognosticate chances for improvement in this often complex combination of disorders...

Oral administration of probiotics has been proposed as a promising biotherapy to prevent and treat different diseases related to gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Due to the increasing research area on the characterisation of new probiotic bacterial strains, it is necessary to perform suitable in vitro experiments, using pertinent cellular models, in order to establish appropriate readout profiles based on IBS symptoms and subtypes. In this work, a collection of 30 candidate strains, belonging mainly to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, were screened using three different sets of in vitro experiments with different readouts to identify promising probiotic strains with: (1) the ability to inhibit the synthesis of IL-8 production by TNF-α stimulated HT-29 cells, (2) immunomodulatory properties quantified as increased IL-10 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs), and (3) the ability to maintain epithelial barrier integrity by increasing the trans-epithelial/endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) values in Caco-2 cells...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: A herbal formula Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) is traditionally used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), modern pharmacological evidence supports that the formula efficacy is associated with altered gut microbiota. Yet, the mechanistic role of gut microbiota in the therapy of TXYF remains unclear. We previously clarified that gut microbiota-dysregulated bile acid (BA) metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of IBS, deriving a hypothesis that microbiota-BA metabolic axis might be a potential target of TXYF...

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are primarily produced in the caecum and proximal colon via the bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates that have avoided digestion in the small intestine. Increasing evidence supports the critical role that SCFAs play in health and homeostasis. Microbial SCFAs, namely butyric acid, serve as a principal energy source for colonocytes, and their production is essential for gut integrity. A direct link between SCFAs and some human pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, and cancer, has been proposed...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chang-Kang-Fang (CKF), originated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas, has been utilized to treat diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) based on clinical experience. However, the underlying mechanism of CKF for treating IBS-D remains unclear and need further clarification. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this present investigation was to validate the efficacy of CKF on IBS-D model rats and to uncover its potential mechanism for the treatment of IBS-D...

Diarrhea is a very common gastrointestinal symptom, and the presence of higher concentrations of bile acid in the colon leads to bile acid diarrhea (BAD). In BAD patients, a portion of bile from the small intestine that is normally controlled by enterohepatic circulation is present at a high concentration in the lumen of the large intestine, resulting in increased motility and secretion of the large intestine. The prevalence of BAD is estimated to be 1-2% of the general population, and it comprises one-third of the instances of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome...

Visceral hypersensitivity resulting from compromised gut barrier with activated immune system is a key feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activate proinflammatory cytokine signaling to induce these changes, which is one of the mechanisms of IBS. As activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TLR4 leads to release interleukin (IL)-1β, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be involved in the pathophysiology of IBS...

PURPOSE: Chronic psychological stress develops and exacerbates irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) via activation of intestinal 5-HT3 receptors involves impairment of intestinal functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on locomotor activity, anxiety-related behaviors, and colonic functions in repeated water avoidance stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Food intake and fecal pellet output (FPO) of sham stress (SS), water avoidance stress (WS), and water avoidance stress with oral administration of ondansetron (1 mg/kg BW) (WA) groups were monitored along the water avoidance stress protocol for 10 consecutive days...

AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of SYNC in diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and explore its underlying mechanism through transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-Seq). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rat model of IBS-D was constructed to elucidate the effects of SYNC. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), fecal water content (FWC), and recording body weight were calculated to assess visceral sensitivity in rats. Histopathological changes in the colon and alterations in mast cell (MC) count were determined...

Intestinal barrier dysfunction, leaky gut, is implicated in various diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Our recent investigation revealed that basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), critical for cognitive function, receive signals from butyrate and orexin, playing a role in regulating intestinal barrier function through adenosine A2B signaling and the vagus. This study explores the involvement and function of brain histamine, linked to BFCNs, in the regulation of intestinal barrier function...

BACKGROUND: Serotonin receptor 2B (5-HT2B receptor) plays a critical role in many chronic pain conditions. The possible involvement of the 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) was investigated in the present study. AIM: To investigate the possible involvement of 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation in rat model and patients with IBS-D. METHODS: Rectosigmoid biopsies were collected from 18 patients with IBS-D and 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation who fulfilled the Rome IV criteria and 15 healthy controls...

OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is related to damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier function. Based on the Mast cell (MC)/Tryptase/Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)/Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) pathway, this study explored the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on IBS-D rats and its possible mechanism of protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier. METHODS: The IBS-D rat model was established by mother-offspring separation, acetic acid enema, and chronic restraint stress...

BACKGROUND: Diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), characterized primarily by the presence of diarrhea and abdominal pain, is a clinical manifestation resulting from a multitude of causative factors. Furthermore, Sishen Wan (SSW) has demonstrated efficacy in treating IBS-D. Nevertheless, its mechanism of action remains unclear. METHODS: A model of IBS-D was induced by a diet containing 45 % lactose and chronic unpredictable mild stress. Additionally, the impact of SSW was assessed by measuring body weight, visceral sensitivity, defecation parameters, intestinal transport velocity, intestinal neurotransmitter levels, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy analysis...

Dysbiosis in gut microbiota is known to contribute to development of irritable bowel syndrome. We tried to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium longum on repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) in a Wistar rat model. The three groups (no-stress, WAS, and WAS with B. longum ) of rats were allocated to sham or WAS for 1 hour daily for 10 days, and B. longum was administered through gavage for 10 days. Fecal pellet numbers were counted at the end of each 1-hour session of WAS. After 10 days of repeated WAS, the rats were eutanized, and the feces were collected...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943119.].

INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is frequently accompanied by depression and anxiety, resulting in a reduced quality of life and increased medical expenditures. Although psychological factors are known to play an important role in the genesis and development of IBS-D, an understanding of the central neural control of intestinal dysfunction remains elusive. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a gut-brain peptide involved in regulating feeding, sleep-wake rhythms, and emotional states...

The intestine is essential for the modulation of nutrient absorption and the removal of waste. Gut pathologies, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease, which extensively impact gut functions, are thus critical for human health. Targeted drug delivery is essential to tackle these diseases, improve therapy efficacy, and minimize side effects. Recent strategies have taken advantage of both active and passive nanocarriers, which are designed to protect the drug until it reaches the correct delivery site and to modulate drug release via the use of different physical-chemical strategies...

OBJECTIVES: In the US, Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is the 8th leading cause for hospital readmission and 7th for mortality among all gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Here, we investigated GI dysfunction post-CDI in human and mice post-acute infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2020 to July 2021, we reviewed the clinical records of 67 patients referred to the UVA Complicated C. difficile clinic for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) eligibility...

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BACKGROUND: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that significantly diminishes the quality of life for affected individuals. The pathophysiology of IBS remains poorly understood, and available therapeutic options for IBS are limited. The crucial roles of brain-gut interaction, which is mediated by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system in IBS, have attracted increasing attention. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of paeoniflorin (PF) on anxiety and visceral hypersensitivity in maternal separation-induced IBS-like rats...