Leg length discrepancy in children

BACKGROUND: Pediatric femoral fractures are common in emergency rooms, with treatment options varying by age. This study compares elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) and plate fixation for diaphyseal femoral fractures in children aged 5-10. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Conducted at Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, from December 2017 to December 2019, this prospective study included 32 children with closed transverse diaphyseal femoral fractures. Patients were divided into two groups: 16 treated with ESIN (Group 1) and 16 with plate fixation (Group 2)...

BACKGROUND: This report involves the first publication describing a case of parietal abdominal pain due to lower limb length discrepancy. CASE PRESENTATION: A Caucasian male patient in his 50s was referred to our rehabilitation department with chronic abdominal pain that began in childhood. This chronic pain was associated with episodes of acute pain that were partially relieved by grade 3 analgesics. The patient was unable to sit for long periods, had recently lost his job, and was unable to participate in recreational activities with his children...

Background: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a common problem in the daily clinical practice of pediatric orthopedists. Surgical treatment using LLD temporary epiphysiodesis with eight-plate implants is a minimally invasive, safe, and well-tolerated procedure that provides good treatment effects with a relatively low percentage of complications. The main aim of this retrospective study was to determine the effect of epiphysiodesis on the shape of the proximal tibia. Methods: The retrospective study was based on medical records from 2010 to 2019...

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess specific rehabilitation methods' effectiveness in early idiopathic scoliosis (IS) development, focusing on lower limb functional inequality's role in scoliosis progression. Materials and Methods : This study comprised 812 patients aged 6-16 years at risk of developing idiopathic scoliosis (IS). The mean (SD) age was 10.66 (3.16) years. Patients were categorized into high- and medium-risk groups based on the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) size. Specific scoliosis physiotherapy was used, and the average follow-up period was 28...

INTRODUCTION: Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is very rare among children. We are aware of no reports of patients with SC accompanied by leg length discrepancy (LLD). CASE REPORT: We describe a case of synovial osteochondromatosis of a 7-year-old boy complicated by LLD. We performed epiphysiodesis of the distal femur and arthroscopic resection of loose bodies and total synovectomy. Three years after surgery, LLD had been corrected and there was no sign of recurrence...

BACKGROUND: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is common in youth and is cause by several conditions. Long leg X-rays is the gold standard technique of measuring LLD. It is highly accurate and reliable compared to clinical method, but expose the subject to radiation. Instrumented Gait Analysis (IGA) serves not only as a means to measure joint kinematics during gait but also as a valuable tool for assessing Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD) while standing. RESEARCH QUESTION: The purpose of this study was to compare different methods of determining the LLD in paediatric population...

Objective: Considering the advantages and widespread presence of 3D-printing technology in surgical treatments, 3D-printed porous structure prostheses have been applied in a wide range of the treatments of bone tumor. In this research, we aimed to assess the application values of the 3D-printed custom prostheses with ultra-short stems for restoring bone defects and maintaining arthrosis in malignant bone tumors of lower extremities in children. Methods: Seven cases of pediatric patients were included in this study...

Epiphysiodesis is considered the preferred treatment for children predicted to have leg length discrepancies (LLDs) 2-5 cm at maturity. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on the effectiveness of permanent epiphysiodesis for LLD treatment, and secondarily to address the reported complications of permanent epiphysiodesis techniques. This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus for studies on skeletally immature patients with LLD treated with permanent epiphysiodesis...

OBJECTIVES: Physeal drilling and curettage (PDC) and percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS) are among the most widely used techniques to treat leg-length discrepancy (LLD). This study compared the efficacy and outcomes between PETS alone and PETS combined with PDC (PETS + PDC). METHODS: Retrospective study of children who underwent epiphysiodesis of the proximal tibia or distal femur with either PETS or PETS + PDC between 2008 and 2018 at a single institution...

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information about the effects of untreated solitary osteochondroma (SO) on longitudinal growth of the lower extremities in children and adolescents. This study aimed to assess the coronal alignment and length of the lower extremity in patients with SO around the knee and to identify the factors related to the development of deformities. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 111 patients diagnosed with SO around the knee. The patients were classified into 2 groups depending on the location of the SO: 51 in the distal femur and 60 in the proximal tibia...

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies on the degree of leg length discrepancy that causes limb biomechanical problems did not differentiate between adults and children. We conducted this study to determine the effects of simulated leg length discrepancy on vertical ground reaction force in children and adults to enable decision-making for intervention in patients with leg length discrepancy for different age groups or heights. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved male volunteers of children 150cm and adults with 170cm in height...

BACKGROUND: Treating subtrochanteric femur fractures in pediatric patients remains challenging, and an optimal fixation device has yet to be established. This study aimed to asess the clinical and radiological outcomes of Ortho-Bridge System (OBS) treatment for length-unstable subtrochanteric femur fractures in children aged 5-16 years. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients with subtrochanteric femur fractures treated with OBS between January 2018 and December 2021...

RATIONALE: Children's bones are in the process of growing in both length and width. Therefore, evaluating whether fractures affect the growth plate or not is very crucial. However, even in cases of lower limb fractures where the growth plate remains unaffected, overgrowth or shortening of the affected limb are encountered. PATIENT CONCERNS: An 11-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department after a passenger car accident. DIAGNOSES: A comminuted fracture of the right femoral shaft was diagnosed by X-ray image...

INTRODUCTION: The care of tibial traumatic fractures brought on by shelling injuries is extremely difficult, as these fractures are frequently comminuted, leading to a bone defect, extensive soft tissue damage, and an increased risk of bacterial contamination. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old male presented with trauma to the right leg following a shelling injury. He had a Gustilo IIIa open fracture with soft tissue destruction and a 7.5 cm bone loss in the distal region of the tibial shaft...

The use of external fixators (EFs) for lower limb lengthening is common for treating lower limb length discrepancy (LLD) in children. The concern at present revolves around extended treatment times, with some suggesting a healing index (HI) > 45 days/cm as a major complication. The aim of this study is to assess the factors affecting bone healing and treatment duration in children who undergo limb lengthening for LLD using circular EFs. A total of 240 lengthening procedures on 178 children affected by congenital or acquired LLDs (mean age at surgery 13...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze leg length discrepancy and overgrowth after tibial shaft fractures in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed medical records of 103 patients younger 14 years old with tibial shaft fractures between January 2003 and November 2018. Treatment included plastering and insertion of titanium elastic nail. To identify the risk factors of leg length discrepancy ≥1 cm and overgrowth ≥1 cm, we performed logistic regression analysis...

BACKGROUND: Femoral shaft fractures in school-aged children are commonly treated with intramedullary nail fixation. Outcomes such as time to healing, alignment and non-union, leg length discrepancy, and refractures, and other complications are often reported based on radiographic findings. There are limited reports on physical function, including objective quantitative measures. The aim was to study the progress and recovery of gait after femoral shaft fracture in children and adolescents...

INTRODUCTION: Septic arthritis in the neonate is a devastating condition that affects children and causes irreversible limb dysfunction or deformity. Neonatal septic arthritis is harmful and will end with skeletal abnormalities. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Neonate born with ileal atresia and underwent surgical treatment. Postoperatively, the patient experienced sepsis and was accompanied by septic arthritis. The patient was given triple IV antibiotic treatment without surgical debridement...

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a non-infectious, inflammatory disorder of the bones. CRMO typically affects children, with a predisposition to females. Bone-related pain is often felt in the metaphysis of long bones, particularly of the lower extremities, but it can also target other sites at varied time intervals. Patients are likely to complain of tenderness and swelling that may cause considerable disability and adversely impact quality of life. There are three main pathophysiological mechanisms that have been hypothesized to drive CRMO including imbalanced cytokine expression, increased inflammasome activation, and enhanced osteoclast differentiation...

Surgical treatment for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is recommended for older children with moderate to severe disease. We sought to determine whether double osteotomies lead to improved radiologic outcomes compared to reported non-operative outcomes. Patients older than 6 years of age diagnosed with LCPD lateral pillar B or C who were treated with pelvic and femoral osteotomies were included. Radiologic outcomes and leg-length discrepancies were assessed using the Stulberg classification and were compared with the current literature...