Anti-psychotic

PURPOSE: QT prolongation is one of the main unwanted cardiac effects caused by drugs, such as anti-psychotics and anti-depressants, inducing mainly via hERG channel dysfunction. The precise and underlying mechanism of adverse effects on hERG channel are still indecisive, but these effects limit their use in patients with cardiac risk factors. The aim of this review was studying mechanism of Long-term QT syndrome induction via hERG channel dysfunction by these Drugs. METHOD: Search was performed in PubMed, and Scopus...

Haloperidol is an anti-psychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia or Tourette disorder. Here we report, by studying three large administrative health insurance databases, that haloperidol use is associated with a reduced risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. A meta-analysis revealed a 31% reduced hazard of incident rheumatoid arthritis among individuals with schizophrenia or Tourette disorder treated with haloperidol compared to those treated with other anti-psychotic drugs. These findings suggest a potential benefit of haloperidol in rheumatoid arthritis and provide a rationale for randomized controlled trials to provide causal insights...

BACKGROUND: Psychotropic medications are prescription drugs that are commonly used to control some symptoms associated with many different types of mental ill health. Although they cannot cure a patient illness, they can assist with the management of some extremely distressing symptoms and this in turn can facilitate individuals in leading a more fulfilled life. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: This study attempts to collect the demographic details of the outpatient in the psychiatric department and to describe the usage, prescribing trends and cost-effectiveness of antipsychotics in psychiatry OPD among various clinical conditions to older and younger patients with psychiatry disorders...

Globally, lung cancer contributes significantly to the public health burden-associated mortality. As this form of cancer is insidious in nature, there is an inevitable diagnostic delay leading to chronic tumor development. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 80-85% of all lung cancer cases, making this neoplasia form a prevalent subset of lung carcinoma. One of the most vital aspects for proper diagnosis, prognosis, and adequate therapy is the precise classification of non-small cell lung cancer based on biomarker expression profiling...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the level of guideline adherence for cardiometabolic health monitoring for patients prescribed antipsychotic medicines in UK primary care. METHODS: In this population-based retrospective open cohort study, we used dataset of patients from the IQVIA Medical Research Data (IMRD) database between 1st January 2003 to 31st December 2018. Clinical Read codes were used to identify a cohort of adult patients with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia and at least four prescriptions of an anti-psychotic medication within 12 months of diagnosis...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Clozapine is an anti-psychotic agent, reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, with demonstrated efficacy in an otherwise therapeutically challenging patient population. We aimed to review the full spectrum casemix of clozapine presentations to our tertiary toxicology service. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reviewed consecutive clozapine related toxicity presentations to a tertiary medical toxicology inpatient and consultation service-including deliberate self-poisoning (DSP), adverse drug reaction (ADR), recreational use, and therapeutic misadventure over a 10-year period from 2011 to 2021...

PURPOSE: This study established the prevalence of physical and sexual victimization, associated factors and psychosocial consequences of victimization among 1,201 out-patients with severe mental illness at Butabika and Masaka hospitals in Uganda. METHODS: Participants completed structured, standardized and locally translated instruments. Physical and sexual victimization was assessed using the modified adverse life events module of the European Para-suicide Interview Schedule...

While germline copy-number variants (CNVs) contribute to schizophrenia (SCZ) risk, the contribution of somatic CNVs (sCNVs)-present in some but not all cells-remains unknown. We identified sCNVs using blood-derived genotype arrays from 12,834 SCZ cases and 11,648 controls, filtering sCNVs at loci recurrently mutated in clonal blood disorders. Likely early-developmental sCNVs were more common in cases (0.91%) than controls (0.51%, p = 2.68e-4), with recurrent somatic deletions of exons 1-5 of the NRXN1 gene in five SCZ cases...

This case report highlights an episode of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in a forensic psychiatry inpatient unit and how the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic, as well as, an atypical presentation of NMS delayed diagnosis and treatment of a patient, which could have been fatal. NMS and atypical NMS manifest typically after the use of anti-psychotics during the first two weeks of initiation of treatment. COVID can mimic many of the initial symptoms of NMS such as changes in mental status, fever, and, at times, dysautonomia...

Serotonergic psychedelics possess considerable therapeutic potential. Although 5-HT 2A receptor activation mediates psychedelic effects, prototypical psychedelics activate both 5-HT 2A -Gq/11 and β-arrestin2 signaling, making their respective roles unclear. To elucidate this, we developed a series of 5-HT 2A -selective ligands with varying Gq efficacies, including β-arrestin-biased ligands. We show that 5-HT 2A -Gq but not 5-HT 2A -β-arrestin2 efficacy predicts psychedelic potential, assessed using head-twitch response (HTR) magnitude in male mice...

BACKGROUND: Disparities in pain control have been extensively studied in the hospital setting, but less is known regarding the racial/ethnic disparities in opioid prescriptions for patients with abdominal pain in ambulatory clinics. METHODS: We examined opioid prescriptions during visits by patients presenting with abdominal pain between the years of 2006 and 2015, respectively, in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey database. Data weights for national-level estimates were applied...

OBJECTIVES: Genetic variations contribute significantly to inter-individual responses to drugs and side effects. Pharmacogenomics has the potential to be utilized as a tool in disorders like schizophrenia with a high degree of genetic inheritance, although data on pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia are limited. Olanzapine and risperidone are the frequently used anti-psychotic drugs used in clinics. Studies have observed the variability in the response of both drugs in schizophrenic individuals...

BACKGROUND: Care pathways are increasingly being used to enhance the quality of care and optimize the use of resources for health care. Nevertheless, recommendations regarding the sequence of care are mostly based on consensus-based decisions as there is a lack of evidence on effective treatment sequences. In a real-world setting, classical statistical tools were insufficient to consider a phenomenon with such high variability adequately and have to be integrated with novel data mining techniques suitable for identifying patterns in complex data structures...

BACKGROUND: Low-dose lithium (LD-Li) has been shown to rescue cognitive impairment in mouse models of short-term mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and schizophrenia. However, few studies have characterized the effects of LD-Li, alone or in conjunction with anti-psychotics, in the mouse model of MK801-induced long term cognitive impairment. METHODS: The present study used in vivo Ca2+ imaging and a battery of cognitive function assessments to investigate the long-term effects of LD-Li on cognition in mice exposed to repeated injections of MK801...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Sulfone-tethered lactones/amides/amines display a diverse spectrum of biological activities, including anti-psychotic and anti-hypertensive. Sulfones are also widely present in functional materials and fragrances. We therefore reasoned that a regiodivergent and stereocontrolled strategy that merges the sulfone, lactone, and lactam motifs would likely lead to the discovery of new pharmacophores and functional materials. Here, we report mild conditions for the sulfonyllactonization of γ-lactam-tethered 5-aryl-4( E )-pentenoic acids...

Zooanthropy (delusional beliefs of turning into an animal) is a rare but well recognised psychiatric phenomenon. This case describes the presence of kynanthropic delusions (delusional beliefs of turning into a dog). Multiple other psychotic symptoms were also evident including unusually the additional presence of delusions of vampirism. Delusional beliefs in this case were associated with behavioural changes including growling and barking, and less commonly an expressed craving for biting people's necks to suck human blood...

Cannabinoids, natural or synthetic, have antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and anti-psychotic properties. Cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC) are the most studied cannabinoids, but recently, attention has turned towards minor cannabinoids. Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8 -THC), an isomer of Δ9 -THC, is a compound for which, to date, there is no evidence of its role in the modulation of synaptic pathways. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effects of Δ8 -THC on differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells...