keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533651/toward-a-functional-cure-for-hepatitis-b
#1
REVIEW
Anna S F Lok
Current treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, pegylated interferon-α (pegIFN-α) and nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA), can suppress HBV replication, reverse liver inflammation and fibrosis, and decrease risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, but hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is rare. Functional HBV cure is defined as undetectable HBsAg and unquantifiable serum HBV DNA for at least 24 weeks after a finite course of therapy. This requires suppression of HBV replication and viral protein production as well as restoration of immune response to HBV...
March 27, 2024: Gut and Liver
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528779/the-long-noncoding-rna-loc107053557-acts-as-a-gga-mir-3530-5p-sponge-to-suppress-the-replication-of-vvibdv-through-regulating-stat1-expression
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xuewei Huang, Yue Li, Jiaxuan Li, Yanping Jiang, Wen Cui, Han Zhou, Lijie Tang
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes immunosuppression and high mortality in young chickens. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators during viral infection. However, detailed the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA have not yet been described in IBDV infection. Here, we analysed the role of lncRNA53557/gga-miR-3530-5p/STAT1 axis in very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) infection. Evidently upregulated expression of lncRNA53557 was observed in bursa of Fabricius and DT40 cells...
March 25, 2024: Virulence
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523466/changing-etiology-and-epidemiology-of-hepatocellular-carcinoma-asia-and-worldwide
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Do Young Kim
Approximately 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases arise in sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Asia, following a similarly high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in these regions. The etiology and epidemiology of HCC have recently changed worldwide. Although HBV infection is the main contributor to HCC development, a slow but continuous decline in HBV infection rates has been reported since 1990. Owing to the widespread use of direct-acting antivirals, the incidence of hepatitis C virus-related HCC has remarkably decreased in Japan and European countries...
March 25, 2024: Journal of liver cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518542/elucidating-the-association-between-direct-acting-antivirals-and-parkinson-s-disease-in-patients-with-hepatitis-c-virus-infection
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pilar Hernandez-Con, Raj Desai, David Nelson, Haesuk Park
BACKGROUND: Some epidemiological studies have found an increased association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although a few studies have also found a decreased risk of PD with interferon-α therapy, the effect of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on Parkinson's disease remains unclear. The current study seeks to assess and elucidate the association between DAAs and PD in patients newly diagnosed with chronic HCV infection. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ≥18 years diagnosed with HCV using MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental database (2012-2019)...
March 19, 2024: Parkinsonism & related Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509793/non-liver-related-mortality-in-the-daa-era-insights-from-post-svr-patients-with-and-without-previous-hcc-history
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Satoshi Miuma, Hisamitsu Miyaaki, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Toshihisa Matsuzaki, Takashi Goto, Yasuhiro Kamo, Masaya Shigeno, Naoyuki Hino, Keisuke Ario, Kenji Yanagi, Takuya Tsutsumi, Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Suguru Nakashiki, Kazufumi Yamasaki, Keisuke Hamasaki, Hidetaka Shibata, Kazuhiko Arima, Shinobu Yamamichi, Mio Yamashima, Kosuke Takahashi, Yasuhiko Nakao, Masanori Fukushima, Masafumi Haraguchi, Ryu Sasaki, Eisuke Ozawa, Naota Taura, Kazuhiko Nakao
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mortality after sustained virological response (SVR) with interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (IFN-free DAA) therapy is crucial for optimizing post-SVR patient care, but it remains unclear, especially regarding non-liver-related mortality. METHODS: Consecutive post-SVR patients from 14 institutions were stratified into three cohorts: A (without advanced fibrosis and without prior HCC), B (with advanced fibrosis and without prior HCC), and C (curative HCC treatment)...
March 2024: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505787/equitable-access-to-direct-acting-antivirals-canada-s-path-to-a-hepatitis-c-free-tomorrow
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Faranak Canani, Jordan J Feld, Mia J Biondi
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 2024: Canadian liver journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501893/skeletal-muscle-mass-increases-after-viral-eradication-with-direct-acting-antivirals-in-patients-with-chronic-hepatitis-c-a-longitudinal-study
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marta Paula Pereira Coelho, Thais Pontello de Vries, Aline Marcos Pires, Milena Pereira Parreira, Érika Ramos de Alvarenga, Rodrigo Dias Cambraia, Rodrigo Ribeiro Dos Santos, Juliana Maria Trindade Bezerra, Enrico Antonio Colosimo, Gifone Aguiar Rocha, Luciana Diniz Silva
BACKGROUND: Results of studies evaluating the effect of viral eradication following direct-acting antiviral (DDA) therapy on skeletal muscle mass of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are scarce. AIM: To assess the components of sarcopenia (low muscle mass, low muscle strength and low physical performance) in a cohort of CHC individuals before and after DAA therapy. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal study of patients with CHC who underwent body composition assessment before (T0), and at 12 (T1) and 48 (T2) weeks after DDA therapy...
March 19, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497663/capsid-dependent-lentiviral-restrictions
#8
REVIEW
Joy Twentyman, Michael Emerman, Molly Ohainle
Host antiviral proteins inhibit primate lentiviruses and other retroviruses by targeting many features of the viral life cycle. The lentiviral capsid protein and the assembled viral core are known to be inhibited through multiple, directly acting antiviral proteins. Several phenotypes, including those known as Lv1 through Lv5 , have been described as cell type-specific blocks to infection against some but not all primate lentiviruses. Here we review important features of known capsid-targeting blocks to infection together with several blocks to infection for which the genes responsible for the inhibition still remain to be identified...
March 18, 2024: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495616/scaling-the-process-chemistry-of-a-covid-19-antiviral-pharmaceutical-down-for-a-multistep-synthesis-experiment-in-the-undergraduate-teaching-laboratory
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew J Wommack, Aaliyah B Holloway, Kaitlyn A Stallings, Pamela M Lundin
Molnupiravir is an orally bioavailable direct acting antiviral agent that received emergency use authorization in late 2021 from the FDA for the treatment of patients with mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19. This prodrug is metabolized into a ribonucleoside that is incorporated into the viral RNA during replication. Its tautomerization between cytidine- and uridine-like forms ultimately causes multiple irreversible errors in the genetic code of the virus, which prevents successful viral replication. There are multiple process chemistry routes for molnupiravir synthesis published in the literature that attempt to maximize synthetic yield while minimizing cost and waste, which are goals similar to those of an implementable educational laboratory experiment for the teaching laboratory...
March 12, 2024: Journal of Chemical Education
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495284/autoimmune-hepatitis-and-primary-sclerosing-cholangitis-after-direct-acting-antiviral-treatment-for-hepatitis-c-virus-a-case-report
#10
Yoshiki Morihisa, Hobyung Chung, Shuichiro Towatari, Daisuke Yamashita, Tetsuro Inokuma
BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health concern that leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Regimens containing direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have become the mainstay of HCV treatment, achieving a high sustained virological response (SVR) with minimal adverse events. CASE SUMMARY: A 74-year-old woman with chronic HCV infection was treated with the DAAs ledipasvir, and sofosbuvir for 12 wk and achieved SVR. Twenty-four weeks after treatment completion, the liver enzyme and serum IgG levels increased, and antinuclear antibody became positive without HCV viremia, suggesting the development of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)...
February 27, 2024: World Journal of Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487594/hepatitis-c-virus-infection-and-hospital-related-outcomes-a-systematic-review
#11
REVIEW
Michelle Ng, Patrizia Maria Carrieri, Lindila Awendila, Maria Eugenia Socías, Rod Knight, Lianping Ti
BACKGROUND: People living with hepatitis C infection (HCV) have a significant impact on the global healthcare system, with high rates of inpatient service use. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have the potential to alleviate this burden; however, the evidence on the impact of HCV infection and hospital outcomes is undetermined. This systematic review aims to assess this research gap, including how DAAs may modify the relationship between HCV infection and hospital-related outcomes. METHODS: We searched five databases up to August 2022 to identify relevant studies evaluating the impact of HCV infection on hospital-related outcomes...
2024: Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483035/direct-acting-antivirals-in-women-of-reproductive-age-infected-with-hepatitis-c-virus
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krystyna Dobrowolska, Małgorzata Pawłowska, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Piotr Rzymski, Ewa Janczewska, Magdalena Tudrujek-Zdunek, Hanna Berak, Włodzimierz Mazur, Jakub Klapaczyński, Beata Lorenc, Justyna Janocha-Litwin, Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda, Dorota Dybowska, Anna Piekarska, Rafał Krygier, Beata Dobracka, Jerzy Jaroszewicz, Robert Flisiak
Eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the population of women of reproductive age is important not only for the health of women themselves but also for the health of newborns. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of this goal by analysing the effectiveness of contemporary therapy in a large cohort from everyday clinical practice along with identifying factors reducing therapeutic success. The analysed population consisted of 7861 patients, including 3388 women aged 15-49, treated in 2015-2022 in 26 hepatology centres...
March 14, 2024: Journal of Viral Hepatitis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481389/universal-screening-for-hcv-infection-in-china-an-effectiveness-and-cost-effectiveness-analysis
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hua Zhou, Mengxia Yan, Datian Che, Bin Wu
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Approximately 10 million people live with chronic HCV infection in China, and less than 20% of people with HCV were diagnosed. We aim to determine the cost-effectiveness of one-time HCV screening compared with no screening in the Chinese population from the healthcare system perspective. METHODS: A decision-tree plus Markov model was adopted to project chronic hepatitis C (CHC) prevalence, probability of complications, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs in the Chinese general population undiagnosed for CHC for different screening strategies...
April 2024: JHEP reports: innovation in hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478751/feasibility-of-hepatitis-c-elimination-by-screening-and-treatment-alone-in-high-income-countries
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feng Tian, Farinaz Forouzannia, Zeny Feng, Mia J Biondi, Andrew B Mendlowitz, Jordan J Feld, Beate Sander, William W L Wong
BACKGROUND AIMS: Despite the availability of highly effective direct-acting antiviral therapy, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) continues to cause a major public health burden. In many high-income countries, treatment rates have been declining, which was exacerbated by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, threatening the ability to meet the World Health Organization (WHO)'s targets for eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat by 2030. We sought to model the impact of CHC in Canada, a resource-rich country with ongoing immigration from HCV-endemic regions; which relies exclusively on risk-based screening for case identification...
March 13, 2024: Hepatology: Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472366/organotypic-culture-of-human-brain-explants-as-a-preclinical-model-for-ai-driven-antiviral-studies
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emma Partiot, Barbara Gorda, Willy Lutz, Solène Lebrun, Pierre Khalfi, Stéphan Mora, Benoit Charlot, Karim Majzoub, Solange Desagher, Gowrishankar Ganesh, Sophie Colomb, Raphael Gaudin
Viral neuroinfections represent a major health burden for which the development of antivirals is needed. Antiviral compounds that target the consequences of a brain infection (symptomatic treatment) rather than the cause (direct-acting antivirals) constitute a promising mitigation strategy that requires to be investigated in relevant models. However, physiological surrogates mimicking an adult human cortex are lacking, limiting our understanding of the mechanisms associated with viro-induced neurological disorders...
March 12, 2024: EMBO Molecular Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470112/two-way-pharmacodynamic-modeling-of-drug-combinations-and-its-application-to-pairs-of-repurposed-ebola-and-sars-cov-2-agents
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuang Xu, Shadisadat Esmaeili, E Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda, Ashish Goyal, Judith M White, Stephen J Polyak, Joshua T Schiffer
Existing pharmacodynamic (PD) mathematical models for drug combinations discriminate antagonistic, additive, multiplicative, and synergistic effects, but fail to consider how concentration-dependent drug interaction effects may vary across an entire dose-response matrix. We developed a two-way pharmacodynamic (TWPD) model to capture the PD of two-drug combinations. TWPD captures interactions between upstream and downstream drugs that act on different stages of viral replication, by quantifying upstream drug efficacy and concentration-dependent effects on downstream drug pharmacodynamic parameters...
March 12, 2024: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467555/investigating-the-effect-of-polymerase-inhibitors-on-cellular-proliferation-computational-studies-cytotoxicity-cdk1-inhibitory-potential-and-lc-ms-ms-cancer-cell-entrapment-assays
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Faten Farouk, Ibrahim M Ibrahim, Salma Sherif, Heba Gamal Abdelhamed, Marwa Sharaky, Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
Directly acting antivirals (DAAs) are a breakthrough in the treatment of HCV. There are controversial reports on their tendency to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HCV patients. Numerous reports have concluded that the HCC is attributed to patient-related factors while others are inclined to attribute this as a DAA side-effect. This study aims to investigate the effect of polymerase inhibitor DAAs, especially daclatasivir (DLT) on cellular proliferation as compared to ribavirin (RBV). The interaction of DAAs with variable cell-cycle proteins was studied in silico...
March 2024: Chemical Biology & Drug Design
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38466273/cost-effectiveness-of-strategies-for-treatment-timing-for-perinatally-acquired-hepatitis-c-virus
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Megan Rose Curtis, Rachel L Epstein, Pamela Pei, Benjamin P Linas, Andrea L Ciaranello
IMPORTANCE: Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among pregnant people is increasing in the US. HCV is transmitted vertically in 7% to 8% of births. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy was recently approved for children with HCV who are 3 years or older. The clinical and economic impacts of early DAA therapy for young children with HCV, compared with treating at older ages, are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To develop a state-transition model to project clinical and economic outcomes for children with perinatally acquired HCV to investigate the cost-effectiveness of treating at various ages...
March 11, 2024: JAMA Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461262/effects-of-sustained-viral-response-on-lipid-in-hepatitis-c-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#19
REVIEW
Tingting Mei, Xiaojie Huang, Shan Tang, Menglu Liu, Wenyan Zhang, Haibin Yu
BACKGROUND: Direct-acting Antiviral Agents (DAAs) influence serum lipids of patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). This paper presents an analysis of the relevant literature to investigate the effects of DAAs in treating hepatitis C to achieve a sustained viral response (SVR) on lipid parameters. METHODS: PubMed,Web of science, Embase and Central databases were searched, with a deadline of September 2023. Studies on the effects of sustained viral response on lipid parameters after DAAs treatment for hepatitis C were selected...
March 9, 2024: Lipids in Health and Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38460762/construction-of-exosome-loaded-ll-37-and-its-protection-against-zika-virus-infection
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chen Wang, Min Li, Xiaohui Xia, Yuxuan Fu, Yi Wang, Wei Xu, Hongqi Wei, Lin Wei
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-stranded RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. ZIKV can cross the placental barrier and infect the fetus, causing microcephaly, congenital ZIKV syndrome, and even fetal death. ZIKV infection can also lead to testicular damage and male sterility. But no effective drugs and vaccines are available up to now. Previous studies have shown that the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 can protect against ZIKV infection. However, LL-37 is a secreted protein, which can be easily degraded in vivo...
March 7, 2024: Antiviral Research
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