Sport

The impressive †Oncorhynchus rastrosus of the Pacific Northwest's Miocene and Pliocene eras was the largest salmonid ever to live. It sported a hypertrophied premaxilla with a pair of enlarged teeth which the original describers reconstructed as projecting ventrally into the mouth, leading them to assign the species to "Smilodonichthys," a genus now in synonymy. Through CT reconstruction of the holotype and newly collected specimens, we demonstrate that the famed teeth projected laterally like tusks, not ventrally like sabers or fangs...

Muscle fatigue significantly impacts coordination, stability, and speed in daily activities. Accurate assessment of muscle fatigue is vital for effective exercise programs, injury prevention, and sports performance enhancement. Current methods mostly focus on individual muscles and strength evaluation, overlooking overall fatigue in multi-muscle movements. This study introduces a comprehensive muscle fatigue model using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) weighting. NMF is employed to analyze the duration multi-muscle weight coefficient matrix (DMWCM) during synergistic movements, and four electromyographic (EMG) signal features in time, frequency, and complexity domains are selected...

PURPOSE: Eccentric strength training is an innovative and promising approach to improve exercise performance. However, most eccentric training studies in the past were performed with a focus on the lower extremities. The present study aimed to test the feasibility and effects on strength and power adaptations of a structured upper-body eccentric training program. METHODS: Fourteen (median age (Q1-Q3) 29 years (27-32); 9 females, 5 males) healthy, regularly exercising individuals performed 20 progressive training sessions (2-3 sessions/week at 20-50% peak power for 8-14 min) on a symmetric eccentric arm-crank ergometer...

The impact of COVID-19 on sport and physical activity has been a subject of considerable interest and concern. Padel satisfies the desire for social interaction and a return to sport after a period of inactivity. The aim of this study is to show a correlation between return to sport and related injuries in a population of Padel players. The study was carried out in a survey mode, consisting of a questionnaire with four sections and fifty questions on the biographical data of the individual, lifestyle before and after the pandemic, knowledge and playing level of Padel and injuries...

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the incidence of pure orbital fractures with concomitant lacrimal drainage system injuries. METHODS: A retrospective observational study involving 956 sides from 940 pure orbital blowout fracture patients was conducted in our institution. Patients with concomitant orbital rim fracture and those with old orbital fractures were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 13 sides (1.4%) from 13 patients were included in the study...

BACKGROUND: Few previous studies have investigated how different injury mechanisms leading to sport-related concussion (SRC) in soccer may affect outcomes. PURPOSE: To describe injury mechanisms and evaluate injury mechanisms as predictors of symptom severity, return to play (RTP) initiation, and unrestricted RTP (URTP) in a cohort of collegiate soccer players. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: The Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium database was used...

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on return to sports and patient psychometric ratings of success after patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) in younger patients with high expectations to return to an active lifestyle. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this article was to determine the role of PFA and its success in meeting patient expectations regarding the return to low-impact recreational sports and an active lifestyle in younger, active patients. It was hypothesized that PFA would allow younger patients to return to low-impact sports and an active lifestyle and achieve high patient psychometric ratings...

This review provides the current state of knowledge regarding the use of nutritional nanocompounds on exercise performance. The reviewed studies used the following nanocompounds: resveratrol-loaded lipid nanoparticles, folic acid into layered hydroxide nanoparticle, redox-active nanoparticles with nitroxide radicals, and iron into liposomes. Most of these nutritional nanocompounds seem to improve performance in endurance exercise compared to the active compound in the non-nanoencapsulated form and/or placebo...

To prevent doping practices in sports, the World Anti-Doping Agency implemented the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) program, monitoring biological variables over time to indirectly reveal the effects of doping rather than detect the doping substance or the method itself. In the context of this program, a highly multiplexed mass spectrometry-based proteomics assay for 319 peptides corresponding to 250 proteins was developed, including proteins associated with blood-doping practices. "Baseline" expression profiles of these potential biomarkers in capillary blood (dried blood spots (DBS)) were established using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)...

BACKGROUND: Tumor-like distal femoral cortical irregularities (DFCIs) are a frequent incidental finding on knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and are common in young competitive athletes. PURPOSE: To assess and compare the morphology and prevalence of DFCIs in competitive alpine skiers over 48 months during adolescence. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Adolescent competitive alpine skiers were prospectively recruited in 2018 and received bilateral 3-T MRI of the knee at baseline and after 48 months...

PURPOSE: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ramp lesions among patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and identify risk factors associated with these lesions. METHODS: A retrospective, multicentre cohort study was conducted using data from the Francophone Arthroscopic Society's registry, including 5359 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) from June 2020 to June 2023. Potential risk factors for ramp lesion such as patient demographics, revision surgery, pivot shift, side-to-side anteroposterior laxity, medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury, lateral meniscal tear and the volume of ligament remnant were evaluated using multivariate regression analyses...

BACKGROUND: There is still controversy surrounding the routine use of vancomycin locally in primary orthopaedic surgery procedures. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess how local vancomycin impacts the rates and microbiology of surgical site infections. METHODS: A systematic electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was carried out for all comparative studies comparing locally applied vancomycin to control for primary orthopaedic surgery procedures published before August 14, 2022...

PURPOSE: This study is aimed at the seniors of the "2022 Taiwan Senior Citizens Fitness Club Subsidy Plan" with a sample. METHOD: The doctor will diagnose and confirm whether the physical condition suits participation. Then, the professional sports instructor will design and arrange a progressive fitness enhancement group course suitable for the Senior person's physical fitness, conducted four times a week, every 2 h, for three months of group course training...

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus concerning the rehabilitation protocol following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Several patients are expecting to be able to use their arms for sports or recreation shortly after their operation. METHODS: This review was designed as an intervention systematic review with narrative analysis. Authors searched English literature in PubMed and Embase databases from 1/1/1989 until July 2022. Controlled studies comparing rehabilitation protocols for patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty were included...

-The automatic identification of human physical activities, commonly referred to as Human Activity Recognition (HAR), has garnered significant interest and application across various sectors, including entertainment, sports, and notably health. Within the realm of health, a myriad of applications exists, contingent upon the nature of experimentation, the activities under scrutiny, and the methodology employed for data and information acquisition. This diversity opens doors to multifaceted applications, including support for the well-being and safeguarding of elderly individuals afflicted with neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the context of smart homes...

OBJECTIVES: CrossFit® is a high-intensity sport characterized by various workouts that require strength, speed, endurance, or agility, impacting participants' body composition. This observational study aimed to determine the morphological (anthropometrical and bioelectrical) profile of CrossFit® athletes and to compare them with other athletic populations. METHODS: Anthropometrical measurements and bioelectrical vector analysis (classic and specific approaches) were performed on 145 CrossFit® practitioners (107 men aged 30...

INTRODUCTION: Self-efficacy (SE), defined as an individual's belief in their ability to complete a task, is linked to top-down attentional control, influencing motor performance in sports. Although the behavioral effects of SE are well-documented, there is a lack of research on the mechanisms through which SE affects sports performance. Our research aims to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie the impact of self-efficacy on sports performance. Specifically, we intend to explore the effects of low and high SE on frontal midline theta (Fmθ) activity, associated with sustained top-down attention, and on motor performance...

OBJECTIVE: In the domain of competitive events, Latin dance athletes have always suffered competitive anxiety, which is a prevalent and prevailing psychological facet, in pre-, intra-, and post-competitive engagements. Usually, the implementation of systematic desensitization training is an efficacious approach to reduce competitive anxiety levels in routine sports to fortify psychological resilience of athletes (like swimming, volleyball, and basketball). This study focuses on the effect of systematic desensitization training on competition anxiety in the training of Latin dancers to establish good mental ability and promote the competitive ability of athletes...

This study examined the uniformity of adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness and bio-motor abilities by analyzing individual responses to measures representing the mentioned qualities. Twenty-four male well-trained soccer players (Age = 26 ± 4 years; stature = 181 ± 3.8; Weight = 84 ± 6.1) were randomized to two groups performing short sprint interval training [sSIT (3 sets of 10 × 4 s all-out sprints with 20 s of recovery between efforts and 3 min of rest intervals between sets)] or a time-matched small-sided game [SSG (3 sets of 3 v 3 efforts in a 20 × 15 m area with 3 min of relief in-between)]...

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