co-occurring disorders

BACKGROUND: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for adolescents (SBIRT-A) is widely recommended to promote detection and early intervention for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use in pediatric primary care. Existing SBIRT-A procedures rely almost exclusively on adolescents alone, despite the recognition of caregivers as critical protective factors in adolescent development and AOD use. Moreover, controlled SBIRT-A studies conducted in primary care have yielded inconsistent findings about implementation feasibility and effects on AOD outcomes and overall developmental functioning...

Multistable perception occurs in all sensory modalities, and there is ongoing theoretical debate about whether there are overarching mechanisms driving multistability across modalities. Here we study whether multistable percepts are coupled across vision and audition on a moment-by-moment basis. To assess perception simultaneously for both modalities without provoking a dual-task situation, we query auditory perception by direct report, while measuring visual perception indirectly via eye movements. A support-vector-machine (SVM)-based classifier allows us to decode visual perception from the eye-tracking data on a moment-by-moment basis...

OBJECTIVE: Methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) duplication syndrome is a rare X-linked genomic disorder affecting predominantly males, which is usually manifested as epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comorbidity. The transgenic line MeCP2Tg1 was used for mimicking MECP2 duplication syndrome and showed autism-epilepsy co-occurrence. Previous works suggested that the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance is a potential common mechanism for both epilepsy and ASD. The projection neurons and parvalbumin (PV) interneurons account for the majority of E/I balance in the hippocampus...

This study is original in that it assesses various types of care needs, barriers to care, and factors associated with higher unmet needs among 308 permanent supportive housing (PSH) residents in Quebec (Canada). Data from structured interviews that featured the Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire were collected from 2020 to 2022, controlling for the COVID-19 pandemic period. Eight types of care (e.g., information, counseling) were accounted for. Based on the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations, predisposing, need, and enabling factors associated with higher unmet care needs were assessed using a negative binomial regression model...

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-ethnography aimed to examine how children, adults and families cope with Tourette's syndrome (TS). METHODS: A systematic search of four databases was completed in October 2022. Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were synthesised using Noblit and Hare's (1988) meta-ethnographic approach. RESULTS: Three themes were constructed: redefining the self and social identity, controlling the visible presentation of Tourette's syndrome, and challenging the narrative...

Previous research has suggested that the core features of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may contribute to offending behaviours and increased vulnerability within the Criminal Justice System. To date, there is a paucity of evidence assessing the effectiveness of interventions for offending behaviour in adults with ASD but without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) across a broad range of forensic settings. The lack of robust evidence is concerning, as limited effectiveness may contribute to an increased likelihood of prolonged incarceration, particularly in the most restrictive settings...

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease with a significant burden of neuropsychiatric sequelae. These symptoms, including depression and anxiety, are predictors of morbidity and mortality in people with MS. Despite a high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in MS, potentially shared pathophysiological mechanisms and overlap in possible treatments, no review has specifically examined the clinical dimensions of people with obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD) and MS...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate co-prescribing of sedatives hypnotics and opioids. DESIGN: Retrospective study evaluating the association of patient characteristics and comorbidities with coprescribing. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Using the national Merative MarketScan Database between 2005 and 2018, we identified patients who received an incident sedative prescription with or without subsequent, incident opioid prescriptions within a year of the sedative prescription in the USA...

The perinatal period is marked by a higher risk of experiencing depressive, anxiety, and/or trauma-related symptoms, a phenomenon that affects millions of individuals each year. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms commonly co-occur but have rarely been examined together beyond prevalence estimates in the perinatal period. Our study aimed to explore patterns of associations among OCD and PTSD symptoms to elucidate within- and between-person effects and how these effects may change over time...

Sleep problems are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and different factors can contribute to its occurrence in this population. Misalignment of the biological clock (our circadian system) has been described as one possible explanation. While there is a body of research on sleep problems, relatively less is known about circadian functioning and the specific population of autistic children with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using an ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) system, which resembles a common watch, we gathered sleep parameters and the different rhythms obtained from measuring motor activity, light exposure and distal temperature in 87 autistic children and adolescents, 27 of whom were diagnosed with co-occurring ADHD, and 30 neurotypical children and adolescents as a comparison group...

Opportunistic viral infections in individuals with severe immunodeficiency can lead to fatal conditions such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), for which treatment options are limited. These infections pose significant risks, especially when co-infections with other viruses occur. We describe a combined therapy approach using directly isolated allogeneic Human Polyomavirus 1 (also known as BKV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) specific cytotoxic T-cells for the treatment of PML in conjunction with identified EBV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a male patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a global health problem with a significant impact on individuals and society. The presentation of SUD is diverse, involving various substances, ages at onset, comorbid conditions, and disease trajectories. Current treatments for SUD struggle to address this heterogeneity, resulting in high relapse rates. SUD often co-occurs with other psychiatric and mental health-related conditions that contribute to the heterogeneity of the disorder and predispose to adverse disease trajectories...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inappropriate levels of activity, impulsivity, and inattention. Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a condition involving challenges in acquiring and executing motor skills. This cross-sectional study aimed to distinguish motor symptoms between ADHD and ADHD/DCD. A total of 283 children from two elementary schools underwent screening, leading to the identification of 27 children with ADHD. The assessment encompassed the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV Questionnaire (SNAP-IV), the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2), and the Motor Development Scale (MDS)...

INTRODUCTION: Neutrophilic dermatoses (NDs) often occur secondary to inflammatory conditions, medication exposure, and hematologic malignancy. While malignancy-associated NDs (MA-NDs) have been well-reported among those with hematologic cancers, little is known about drug-induced NDs (DI-NDs) within this population. The objective of this study is to compare the presentations and outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies who developed MA-NDs and DI-NDs. METHODS: Cases of neutrophilic dermatosis (ND) occurring between 2013 and 2023 among those with hematologic malignancies were identified from the electronic medical records of our institution...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation and outcomes of a unique traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening initiative serving the community, with a focus on underserved populations. Idaho's definition of underserved populations includes people living in rural/frontier areas, people experiencing homelessness or intimate partner violence, people with co-occurring disorders, and people with cultural and/or linguistically diverse backgrounds. The goals of screenings are to help participants gain awareness about the likelihood of having experienced a TBI, bridge the gap in TBI reporting, and provide needed support to underserved populations in a rural state...

Background: Preliminary evidence provides support for the proposition that there is a dissociative subtype of Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). Research on this proposition would extend our knowledge on the association between CPTSD and dissociation, guide contemporary thinking regarding placement of dissociation in the nosology of CPTSD, and inform clinically useful assessment and intervention. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the co-occurring patterns of CPTSD and dissociative symptoms in a large sample of trauma exposed adolescents from China, and specify clinical features covariates of such patterns including childhood trauma, comorbidities with major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and functional impairment...

Specialized multidisciplinary supports are important for long-term outcomes for autistic youth. Although family and child factors predict service utilization in autism, little is known with respect to youth with rare, autism-associated genetic variants, who frequently have increased psychiatric, developmental, and behavioral needs. We investigate the impact of family factors on service utilization to determine whether caregiver (autistic features, education, income) and child (autistic features, sex, age, IQ, co-occurring conditions) factors predicted service type (e...

BACKGROUND: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prevalent autoimmune disorders that often co-occur, posing significant treatment challenges. This investigation adopts a multidisciplinary strategy, integrating bioinformatics, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and Mendelian randomization, to elucidate the relationship between AS and IBD and to investigate the potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine formulations, represented by Qiangji Jianpi (QJJP) decoction, in treating these comorbid conditions...

INTRODUCTION: Maximal grip strength, a measure of how much force a person's hand can generate when squeezing an object, may be an effective method for understanding potential neurobiological differences during motor tasks. Grip strength in autistic individuals may be of particular interest due to its unique developmental trajectory. While autism-specific differences in grip-brain relationships have been found in adult populations, it is possible that such differences in grip-brain relationships may be present at earlier ages when grip strength is behaviorally similar in autistic and non-autistic groups...

Major depression (MD) and obesity are complex genetic disorders that are frequently comorbid. However, the study of both diseases concurrently remains poorly addressed and therefore the underlying genetic mechanisms involved in this comorbidity remain largely unknown. Here we examine the contribution of common and rare variants to this comorbidity through a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. Specific genomic regions of interest in MD and obesity were sequenced in a group of 654 individuals from the PISMA-ep epidemiological study...