Rat DA depression

Leflunomide is an isoxazole immunomodulating drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is adopted as a metal-containing molecule to proceed with saturated salts of essential and detected metals; it amends the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics activity of leflunomide to provide [M(Lef)4 ]X2 -type complexes. Earlier it has been reported that after forming complexes with metals, leflunomide anti-arthritic activity was significantly altered in an acute arthritic model. In the present study, we evaluated the possible modification in anti-arthritic activities of leflunomide-metal complexes (Mg+2 , Ca+2 , Fe+2 , Zn+2 ) with and without an anti-depressant drug, i...

Growing evidence suggests that probiotics can ameliorate depression by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the mechanism of action of probiotics in depressive disorders remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TF318 in a corticosterone (CORT)-induced rat model of depression. The sucrose preference test and Morris water maze test showed that oral administration of L. rhamnosus TF318 for 21 d significantly prevented depressive behaviors...

Depression is a severe and widespread psychiatric disease that often accompanies epilepsy. Antidepressant treatment of depression comorbid with epilepsy is a major concern due to the risk of seizure aggravation. SAMe, a universal methyl donor for DNA methylation and the synthesis of brain monoamines, is known to have high antidepressant activity. This study aimed to find out whether L-methionine (L-MET), a precursor of SAMe, can have antidepressant and/or anxiolytic effects in the WAG/Rij rat model of depression comorbid with absence epilepsy...

The chronic use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may result in human gynecomastia, mammoplasia, galactorrhea, and elevated breast cancer risk. As antidepressants are frequently used for postpartum depression (PPD) treatment, this study investigated the adverse effects of lactational exposure to venlafaxine (VENL, a selective SNRI) on mammary gland development and carcinogenesis in F1 female offspring. Thus, lactating Wistar rats (F0) received VENL by oral gavage at daily doses of 3...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been widely used as a traditional remedy for insomnia, depression and anxiety in China and Western countries. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that rosemary has important applications in neurological disorders. However, the mechanism of action of rosemary hydrosol in the treatment of insomnia is not known. AIMS OF THE STUDY: Insomnia is closely linked to anxiety and depression, and its pathogenesis is related to biology, psychology, and sociology...

BACKGROUND: Frequent cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of developing cannabis use disorder and other adverse consequences. However, rodent models studying the underlying mechanisms of the reinforcing and withdrawal effects of the primary constituent of cannabis, Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have been limited. METHODS: This study investigated the effects of daily THC (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, 9 days) and spontaneous withdrawal (7 days) on hedonic and aversion-like behaviors in male rats...

BACKGROUND: Stress can lead to emotional and mental symptoms such as anxiety, sadness, panic attacks, and depression. Malic acid was chosen due to malic acid has the ability to improve antioxidant activity and improves liver damage. This study evaluates malic acid anti-depressant activity in the hypothalamus of stressed rats. METHODS: Thirty-six male albino rats were divided into 2 equal groups; Normal and chronic mild stress (CMS) rats. Normal rats were divided into 3 equal groups; control, malic acid, and venlafaxine drug groups: normal rats were administered orally with 1 mL of saline solution, 250 mg/kg of malic acid, and 20 mg/kg of venlafaxine drug, respectively...

This study compared the effects of Curcuma longa before and after processing with vinegar on the rat model of dysmenorrhea with the syndrome of liver depression and Qi stagnation to reveal the mechanism of vinegar processing in improving the role of C. longa in soothing liver and relieving pain. The rat model of dysmenorrhea with the syndrome of liver depression and Qi stagnation was established according to the Preparation of the Animal Model of Dysmenorrhea(Draft) and the chronic unpredictable stress me-thod...

Evidence indicates that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) provides therapeutic benefits in different situations, such as epilepsy, depression, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Despite the increasing use of tDCS, its cellular and molecular basis remains unknown. Astrocytes display a close functional and structural relationship with neurons and have been identified as mediators of neuroprotection in tDCS. Considering the importance of hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission in nociceptive pathways, we decided to investigate short-term changes in the hippocampal astrocytes of rats subjected to tDCS, evaluating specific cellular markers (GFAP and S100B), as well as markers of astroglial activity; glutamate uptake, glutamine synthesis by glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutathione content...

Mesolimbic dopamine signaling plays a major role in alcohol and substance use disorders as well as comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. Growing evidence suggests that alcohol drinking is modulated by the function of the dopamine transporter (DAT), which tightly regulates extracellular dopamine concentrations. Adult male rats on a Wistar Han background (DAT+/+) and rats with a partial DAT deletion (DAT+/-) were used in this study. First, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in brain slices containing the nucleus accumbens core from ethanol-naïve subjects, we measured greater evoked dopamine concentrations and slower dopamine reuptake in DAT+/- rats, consistent with increased dopamine signaling...

This study investigated the possible beneficial role of the bee venom (BV, Apis mellifera L.) against zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs)-induced neurobehavioral and neurotoxic impacts in rats. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were alienated into five groups. Three groups were intraperitoneally injected distilled water (C 28D group), ZNPs (100 mg/kg b.wt) (ZNPs group), or ZNPs (100 mg/kg.wt) and BV (1 mg/ kg.bwt) (ZNPs + BV group) for 28 days. One group was intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL of distilled water for 56 days (C 56D group)...

Depression is a severe mental disorder, with approximately 300 million people suffering from it. Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic neuroinflammation is significantly associated with intestinal flora and barrier function in depression. As a therapeutic herb, garlic ( Allium sativum L.) has detoxification, antibacterial activity, and antiinflammatory functions; however, its antidepressant effect through gut microbiota and barrier function has not been reported yet. The present study investigated the effect of garlic essential oil (GEO) and its active constituent diallyl disulfide (DADS) on depressive behavior by attenuating the NLRP3 inflammasome, alternating intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (US) model in rats...

Introduction: Opioids are the leading cause of overdose death in the United States, accounting for almost 70,000 deaths in 2020. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising new treatment for substance use disorders. Here, we hypothesized that VTA DBS would modulate both the dopaminergic and respiratory effect of oxycodone. Methods: Multiple-cyclic square wave voltammetry (M-CSWV) was used to investigate how deep brain stimulation (130 Hz, 0.2 ms, and 0.2 mA) of the rodent ventral segmental area (VTA), which contains abundant dopaminergic neurons, modulates the acute effects of oxycodone administration (2...

BACKGROUND: Ginseng Radix ( Panax ginseng Meyer, Araliaceae) has been used medicinally to treat the brain and nervous system problems worldwide. Recent studies have revealed physiological effects that could potentially benefit cognitive performance or mood. The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effects of Korean red ginseng water extract (KGE) and its active component in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced animal model and elucidate the underlying mechanisms...

Toxoplasma is capable of causing long-lasting brain cysts in its hosts, which can lead to physiological disturbances in brain neurotransmitters and result in changes in the host's behavior. This study aimed to investigate these changes using an experimental model. Twenty-five female Wistar rats, weighing 220-220 g and six weeks old, were selected for the study. The rats were divided into two control and experimental groups. The experimental group was injected with 5 × 105 tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (virulent RH strain) intra-peritoneally...

Meloxicam has shown significant neuroprotection in experimental models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. However, the potential of meloxicam to treat depression-like neuropathology in a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model and the associated molecular changes has been insufficiently explored. The current work aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective actions of meloxicam against CRS-evoked depression in rats. In the current experiments, animals received meloxicam (10 mg/kg/day; i...

Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have preclinical antipsychostimulant effects; however, adverse side effects have limited their therapeutic development. In this preclinical study, conducted in Sprague Dawley rats, B6-SJL mice, and non-human primates (NHPs), we evaluated the G-protein-biased analogue of salvinorin A (SalA), 16-bromo salvinorin A (16-BrSalA), for its anticocaine effects, side effects, and activation of cellular signaling pathways. 16-BrSalA dose-dependently decreased the cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in a KOR-dependent manner...

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of E-VCO on the neurobehaviour and intestinal health parameters of obesity-induced rats, focusing on food consumption, body composition, bacterial and faecal organic acids and histological analyses in the hippocampus and colon. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were randomized into healthy (HG, n = 16) and obese groups (OG, n = 16), which consumed a control or cafeteria diet for eight weeks, respectively. After this period, they were subdivided into four groups: healthy (HG, n = 8); healthy treated with E-VCO (HGCO, n = 8); obese (OG, n = 8); obese treated with E-VCO (OGCO, n = 8), continuing for another eight weeks with their respective diets...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Decoction (ZJJ) on Shh signaling and self-renewal of neural stem cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of diabetic rats with depression. METHODS: Diabetic rat models with depression were randomly divided into model group, positive drug (metformin + fluoxetine) group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose ZJJ groups ( n =16), with normal SD rats as the control group. The positive drugs and ZJJ were administered by gavage, and the rats in the control and model groups were given distilled water...

Objective: This experiment was designed to observe the effects of aerobic exercise on depressive behavior in rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and to explore the possible mechanism by detecting the proteins related to mitochondrial autophagy. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: blank control group (C, n =12), depression model group (D, n =12) and post-depression exercise group (D+E, n =12). Group D and D+E were modeled with CUMS for 28 days, and group D+E underwent aerobic exercise intervention for 4 weeks after model establishment...