Lupus

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia, the most common post-acute ischemic stroke (AIS) infection, accounts for up to 30% of deaths after a stroke. Multiple chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease, are associated with increased risk of stroke and stroke morbidity. This study assessed the relationship between chronic inflammatory diseases and stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). METHODS: Using data from the 2015-2017 National Inpatient Sample, we classified hospital discharges with a diagnosis of AIS as having ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, other chronic inflammatory diseases, multiple chronic inflammatory diseases, or none...

Cgnz1 on chromosome 1 mapped into a 1.34 Mb region of chromosome 1 in NZM2328 confers the progression of immune complex (IC) mediated glomerulonephritis (GN) from acute GN (aGN) to chronic GN (cGN) with severe proteinuria and end stage renal disease in female mice. This genetic locus mediates podocyte susceptibility to IC mediated damage. Taking advantage of the published observation that Cgnz1 is derived from NZW and that NZW is susceptible to orchitis, epididymitis and vasitis while C57L/J is resistant to these diseases, the possibility that this genetic region also confers germ cells susceptible to damage with aspermatogenesis and sterility in an active experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) model was investigated...

Development of genomic preservation technologies for canids, especially for seasonally breeding species like the grey wolf (Canis lupus), is needed in advance of growing species conservation concerns. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of two cryopreservation protocols - needle immersion vitrification (NIV) and slow freezing (SF) on grey wolf (n = 7) testicular tissue morphology. NIV samples were equilibrated in a 7.5% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO or Me2SO) + 7.5% ethylene glycol (EG) solution in minimum essential medium with 20% FBS for 10 min at 4o C, then exposed to 15% DMSO + 15% EG + 0...

Patients with autoimmune disorders (AD) have altered cancer risks compared to the general population. Systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis lead to a heightened risk for hematological malignancies and decreased risk for breast, ovarian, and prostate malignancies. Often patients with autoimmune disease have dysregulated antiviral immune responses, including against oncogenic viruses. To uncover the relationship between viral incidence and cancer risk in the context of autoimmune disease, we extracted electronic health records (EHR) from Vanderbilt University...

Kidney is a major target organ in both antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The etiology of antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy associated lupus nephritis (APSN-LN) is intricate and remains largely unrevealed. We proposed in present work, that generation of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), especially those directed towards the oxidized neoepitopes, are largely linked with the redox status along with disease progression. Moreover, we observed that compromised antioxidative capacity coincided with turbulence of inflammatory cytokine profile in the kidney of male NZW×BXSB F1 mice suffered from APSN-LN...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Membranous nephropathy is an autoimmune disease caused by antibodies mostly directed to podocyte antigens. PLA2R and THSD7A antigens were described in 2009 and 2014 using classical immunochemical techniques. In the last 2 years, thanks to the combination of laser microdissection of glomeruli and mass spectrometry of solubilized digested proteins, several antigens associated with various causes have been described in patients with membranous nephropathy. The purpose of this review is to report on those "new" antigens and to analyse the clinicopathological correlations that make each of this antigen unique...

The ABCB 1 gene is responsible for encoding the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter that prevents accumulation of exogenous substances in the body by utilizing ATP hydrolysis to transport these substances against their concentration gradient. In dogs, homozygous or heterozygous mutations for the previously described ABCB 1-1Δ mutation lead to ineffective P-gp efflux transport function and puts the animal at risk for potentially devastating adverse drug effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ABCB 1-1Δ gene mutation status in species belonging to the Canidae family, including each of the following: maned wolf ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ), gray wolf ( Canis lupus ), red wolf ( Canis rufus ), coyote ( Canis latrans ), dingo ( Canis lupus dingo ), New Guinea singing dog ( Canis lupus dingo ), arctic fox ( Vulpes lagopus ), and fennec fox ( Vulpes zerda )...

Tuberculosis is an airborne multisystemic disease which primarily infects the lungs. Isolated tuberculous arthritis is rare. We present a case of a 41-year-old woman with a known case of lupus nephritis class IV who complained of pain and swelling over her left ankle joint for several months. She was treated for rheumatoid arthritis and was started with immunosuppressive agents. However, she did not improve with treatment and was later diagnosed with tuberculous arthritis based on a molecular study from joint aspiration...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We hypothesised that intracellular homocysteine and homocysteine metabolite levels in patients with SLE are disproportionately elevated compared with the levels seen in healthy subjects and that they are independently associated with coronary plaque in SLE. METHODS: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry absolute quantification assay was used for the determination of six analytes in both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): homocysteine (Hcy), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), methionine (Met), cystathionine (Cysta) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5m-THF)...

BACKGROUND: In patients with secondary (autoimmune) membranous nephropathy, two novel proteins, Exostosin 1 and Exostosin 2 (EXT1/EXT2), are potential disease antigens, biomarkers, or both. In this study, we validate the EXT1/EXT2 findings in a large cohort of membranous lupus nephritis. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with membranous lupus nephritis, and performed immunohistochemistry studies on the kidney biopsy specimens against EXT1 and EXT2...

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Transverse myelitis is an inflammatory lesion of the spinal cord, occurring in different autoimmune, infectious, and traumatic diseases but is the hallmark of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a rare neurologic autoimmune disease. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may develop transverse myelitis as a neuropsychiatric complication of active disease; however, at times, NMO co-exists as an additional primary autoimmune condition in a SLE patient. Correct diagnosis of a SLE-NMO overlap is important not only for the different disease course and prognosis compared with SLE-related LETM, but especially for the emerging and highly specific NMO treatment options, not established for SLE-related LETM-such as anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies, anti-VEGF antibodies, complement modulation, or IVIg...

Canine faecal microbial populations and metabolome are being increasingly studied to understand the interplay between host and gut microbiome. However, the distribution of bacterial taxa and microbial metabolites throughout the canine stool is understudied and currently no guidelines for the collection, storage and preparation of canine faecal samples have been proposed. Here, we assessed the effects that different sampling points have on the abundance of selected microbial populations and bacterial metabolites within the canine stool...

Quinacrine (Qx), a molecule used as an antimalarial, has shown anticancer, antiprion, and antiviral activity. The most relevant antiviral activities of Qx are related to its ability to raise pH in acidic organelles, diminishing viral enzymatic activity for viral cell entry, and its ability to bind to viral DNA and RNA. Moreover, Qx has been used as an immunomodulator in cutaneous lupus erythematosus and various rheumatological diseases, by inhibiting phospholipase A2 modulating the Th1/Th2 response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential antiviral effect of Qx against denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Vero E6 cells...

Improved knowledge about reproductive patterns and potential in male wolves (i.e., testicular development and size relative to age, pubertal age, and seasonal effects) is needed for evaluation and monitoring of reproductive outcomes in populations. Reproductive organs from 215 male wolves, culled as a result of licensed hunting, protective culling or from carcasses found were examined. The testes and epididymis were weighed and measured. There were biopsy samples collected from the testes and the cauda epididymis for histological determinations if there were spermatozoa in tissues collected...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many forms of immune dysregulation, which lead to inflammaging and senescence, have been demonstrated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; lupus) and in the aging population. The discovery of the microbiome and its association with human health and pathology has led it to be the center of investigation as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of immunosenescence in both populations. Similar alterations to the microbiome in the form of dysbiosis, that are demonstrated in both aging and in lupus patients, may help explain the significant overlap in clinical manifestations seen in these groups...

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathological features of children with lupus nephritis (LN) with positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the children who were diagnosed with LN in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2003 to December 2019. According to the results of serum ANCA, they were divided into two groups: ANCA-positive group ( n =59) and ANCAnegative group ( n =454)...

INTRODUCTION: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, ulcerative dermatosis that is part of a systemic auto-inflammatory process. The overall incidence of PG is 5.8 per 100 000 individuals and it is associated with an increased mortality rate compared with the general population. Due to the pathergy phenomenon-present in 20% to 30% of cases-traumatic events, such as debridement or surgery, are often avoided in these patients. This report is on the use of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d) combined with a reticulated open cell foam dressing with through holes (ROCF-CC) to achieve debridement and granulation in a lower extremity PG wound...

The mechanisms that drives SLE patients to achieve remission are unknown, one possible explanation might be T cell exhaustion. The aim of the present study was to measure CD4+ and CD8+ T cell exhaustion in SLE patients in prolonged remission (PR-SLE) and compared them with patients with active SLE (Act-SLE) and healthy subjects. We included 15 PR-SLE patients, 15 Act-SLE and 29 healthy subjects. T-cell exhaustion was determined by flow cytometry according to the expression of PD-1, Tim-3, 2B4, EOMES and T-bet in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells...

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic data for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is limited, particularly for racial/ethnic subpopulations in the United States (U.S.). Leveraging data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Lupus Registry network of population-based SLE registries, a meta-analysis estimating U.S. SLE prevalence was performed. METHODS: The CDC National Lupus Registry network included four registries in unique states and a fifth in the Indian Health Service (IHS)...