Oral malodor

Mask-wearing is still recommended owing to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Within the closed chamber created by the mask, people are increasingly self-aware of their oral malodor. In this prospective and cross-sectional study, we aimed to measure volatile sulfide compound (VSC) levels in patients with halitosis and investigate the oral microbiome profile on the inner surface of their KF94 masks. We also investigated which oral microbiota increases VSC levels and whether the oral microbiomes of oral saliva and mask are correlated...

This study aimed to verify and to validate the correlation between, and validate the assessment of, bacterial activity and the distribution of tongue coating, by analyzing quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) images for the diagnosis of oral malodor. Oral malodor was measured using the Twin Breasor II, and bacterial activity and the distribution of tongue coating were investigated using QLF images. Bacterial activity and the distribution of tongue coating were quantitatively analyzed by dividing the tongue into six areas using the TB01 1...

Introduction Halitosis (oral malodor) is a common health condition throughout the world. In India, data on self-reported halitosis and related factors is limited. Mouth mask usage has been made compulsory after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This could possibly alter oral microflora and environment and contribute to halitosis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of self-perceived halitosis (SPH) among mask-wearing patients visiting a tertiary care dental hospital in Delhi, India...

Halitosis is a growing concern for patients seeking dental treatment. Women experience hormonal changes throughout different phases of their life. These changes may affect volatile organic compound (VOC) production and can be linked to halitosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormonal changes on self-perceived halitosis in a sample of females using a self-administered questionnaire. This study used a cross-sectional observational design. The questionnaire was distributed electronically through Google forms...

BACKGROUND: Palatal fistulas are the most common postoperative complications in primary cleft palate surgery, with incidence rates ranging from 10% to 30%. Functional indications for repair include food regurgitating from the nose, food impaction resulting in malodor, and hypernasality with speech. Anterior palatal fistulas (APFs), in particular, present difficult reconstructive cases due to lack of available local tissue. Here, we describe a case series of 3 patients who underwent APF repair with a random pattern labial flap...

OBJECTIVES: Necrotic lesions affecting the head and neck region are of significance to dental professionals as they pose challenges in diagnosis and management. Necrotic oral lesions manifest with symptoms like pain, burning, altered sensation, oral malodor, fistula, exposed bone, and pathologic fracture of the bone in extensive cases. The manifestation of necrosis is a definitive clinical sign which helps to narrow down the exhaustive list of causative conditions. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis, causative conditions, and management aspects of various necrotic lesions affecting the maxillofacial region...

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in research showing positive results in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and laser therapy (LT) in dentistry. The authors of this review tried to answer the question: "Is the effectiveness of lasers and aPDT in the elimination of intraoral halitosis possible?" For this purpose, the electronic database of PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched until September 2021 using a combination of different keywords: (bad breath OR fetor ex ore OR halitosis OR oral malodor) AND (laser OR PDT OR PACT OR photodynamic inactivation OR photodynamic therapy OR photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy)...

BACKGROUND: Cholesterol granuloma is typically a benign granulomatous growth seen mostly in the mastoid process and the petrous temporal bone. Although cholesterol granuloma in maxillary sinus was first reported in the scientific literature in 1978, the occurrence is very rare and it is usually clinically and radiographically manifested ambiguously as maxillary sinusitis. PURPOSE: The presence of cholesterol granuloma in the maxillary sinus in association with a dental pathology or prosthesis has been scarcely known...

Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases. Most cases of halitosis are due to inadequate oral hygiene, periodontitis and tongue coating, yet the remaining proportion of cases are due to ear-nose-throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrine (5%) disorders...

Organoleptic examination (sniffing and scoring oral odor) was used as a reference standard of halitosis measurement. However, there are several problems that make the diagnostic value of organoleptic examination questionable. This paper revisits risks, inconsistencies and redundancies in protocols and concepts related to organoleptic examination by comparing contemporary techniques and gas detectors or electronic noses. It can be concluded that there is no reason to think that scoring the odor by sniffing the mouth of the patients obtains sufficient evidence for the diagnosis of halitosis...

Acute abdomen secondary to pyometrocolpos as a result of microperforate hymen in an 18-month-old child is extremely rare to witness. Such a child was admitted with a history of poor appetite, lethargy, high-grade febrile episodes, frequent urination, and multiple episodes of vomiting in seven days. There was no relief of symptoms on oral antibiotics. On careful examination, the abdomen was distended. A suprapubic bulge with mild tenderness was palpable. Genital examination revealed the absence of vaginal introitus with a bulging membrane...

MA-T (Matching Transformation System®) is a proprietary chemical mixture for on-demand production of aqueous chlorine dioxide that is used for the treatment of oral malodor. MA-T is also an effective disinfectant against at least 39 pathological microorganisms, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and therefore may be useful as a disinfectant mouthwash to prevent the spread of infection. Accidental ingestion is the putative worst hazard scenario associated with mouthwash use; therefore, here we investigated the safety of MA-T ingestion in mice...

Oral conditions such as gingivitis and oral malodor are commonly reported globally. Objective: This investigation clinically stratified subjects to healthy, malodor and gingivitis groups and enumerated oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) as a measure of inflammation prior to and after rinsing with a chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash. The study also assessed clinical outcomes (dental plaque and gingival bleeding indices), malodor (halimeter scores, organoleptic and tongue coat index and microbiological parameters (anaerobic and malodor organisms of dental plaque, tongue surface and saliva) for a comprehensive assessment of the oral inflammatory burden...

OBJECTIVES: The objective is to evaluate the association of Solobacterium moorei (S. moorei) to halitosis and to also check for the effects of two different mouth rinses on levels of S. moorei in saliva and tongue coating and its impact on oral halitosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a placebo-controlled parallel study of 160 individuals who were randomized and the study was performed using double-blinded protocol. Enrolled individuals filled a structured questionnaire regarding demographic data, oral hygiene habits, and dietary habits...

BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is the most important compound causing oral malodor, and its concentration is thought to be closely correlated with oral microorganism activity. Therefore, clarifying the correlation between oral microbes and metabolites is important. METHODS: This study tested with 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of oral microorganisms and oral malodor tests. RESULTS: There were different of the microbial taxa between the low and high H2 S groups...

As a chronic infectious disease, periodontitis can cause gum recession, loss of alveolar bone, loosening of teeth, and even loss of teeth. Dental plaque biofilm is the initiating factor for the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) plays a vital role in the structure and ecology of dental plaque biofilms. It is a bridge between early and late colonization bacteria in dental plaque. Understanding the molecular mechanism of F. nucleatum during biofilm development is essential to control periodontitis...

Halitosis is considered to be extremely unattractive in the context of social interactions. The main research objective of this study was to evaluate whether intra-oral halitosis may impact patients' quality of life (QOL). One hundred generally healthy adult participants complaining about oral malodor and diagnosed with intra-oral halitosis were enrolled in this study. For halitosis diagnosis, a gas chromatography (GC) analysis by the Oral Chroma portable device was used. QOL assessment was based on the Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36)...

BACKGROUND: Mechanical tongue cleaning is an important oral hygiene procedure; it is known that a significant cause of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), a major component of bad breath, is due to the bacteria coating the tongue. This study was conducted to identify the effect of mechanical tongue cleaning on reducing bad breath and tongue coating. METHODS: Various mechanical tongue-cleaning methods were studied, including removing tongue coating using a toothbrush, removing tongue coating using a tongue scraper, and removing tongue coating using a toothbrush and a tongue scraper together...

The aim of this work is a review of recent scientific literature about intra-oral halitosis among patients using dentures. Halitosis is a condition in which an unpleasant smell comes out of the oral cavity, which is caused mainly by volatile sulfur and non-sulfured compounds. The etiology of halitosis may be intra- or extra-oral; in most patients, however, it is due to the activity of microorganisms in the oral cavity. The problem of the occurrence of intra-oral halitosis has accompanied patients for many years...

Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound present in turmeric with extensive uses in cooking foods and biomedical applications. However, due to its hydrophobic nature, it is poorly soluble in water and its bioavailability is very low on oral administration in organisms. In this study, we investigated the dietary curcumin nanospheres in a weaned piglet model based on the growth, serum biochemistry, proteomics, fecal coliform bacteria, and malodors in the feces of piglets. A total of 135 weaned piglets (Duroc × [Yorkshire × Landrace]) with an average initial body weight of 7...