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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert M Post
INTRODUCTION: Few animal models address the characteristics of the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder. However, behavioral sensitization (to recurrent stressors and psychomotor stimulants) and kindling of seizures both provide clues to mechanisms in the progressive course of bipolar disorder. METHODS: We describe aspects of bipolar illness that show sensitization and kindling-like increases reactivity to the recurrence of stressors, mood episodes, and bouts of substance abuse...
January 12, 2021: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adrien Legrand, Anton Iftimovici, Anouar Khayachi, Boris Chaumette
INTRODUCTION: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, disabling disease characterised by alternate mood episodes, switching through depressive and manic/hypomanic phases. Mood stabilizers, in particular lithium salts, constitute the cornerstone of the treatment in the acute phase as well as for the prevention of recurrences. The pathophysiology of BD and the mechanisms of action of mood stabilizers remain largely unknown but several pieces of evidence point to gene x environment interactions...
December 7, 2020: Psychiatric Genetics
#43
REVIEW
Dick F Swaab, Ai-Min Bao
Stress-related disorders, such as mood disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are more common in women than in men. This sex difference is at least partly due to the organizing effect of sex steroids during intrauterine development, while activating or inhibiting effects of circulating sex hormones in the postnatal period and adulthood also play a role. Such effects result in structural and functional changes in neuronal networks, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides, which make the arousal- and stress-related brain systems more vulnerable to environmental stressful events in women...
2020: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Klara Latalova, Omar Sery, Kristyna Hosakova, Ladislav Hosak
Background: Mental disorders affect about one-third of the human population, are typically chronic and significantly decrease the quality of life. Presently, the treatment of mental illnesses is far from adequate with a substantial proportion of the patients being pharmacoresistant and suffering from relapses. One of the reasons for this complicated situation is that we do not precisely know about the causes of mental disorders, so their treatment cannot be causal. The etiology of a mental disorder is typically based on a combination of molecular (genetic) and environmental factors...
2020: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
#45
REVIEW
Caren J Blacker, Vincent Millischer, Lauren M Webb, Ada M C Ho, Martin Schalling, Mark A Frye, Marin Veldic
Glutamate is implicated in the neuropathology of both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is the major glutamate transporter in the mammalian brain, removing glutamate from the synaptic cleft and transporting it into glia for recycling. It is thereby the principal regulator of extracellular glutamate levels and prevents neuronal excitotoxicity. EAAT2 is a promising target for elucidating the mechanisms by which the glutamate-glutamine cycle interacts with neuronal systems in mood disorders...
April 2020: Molecular Neuropsychiatry
#46
Manuel Gardea-Resendez, Mehmet Utku Kucuker, Caren J Blacker, Ada M-C Ho, Paul E Croarkin, Mark A Frye, Marin Veldic
Background: Epimutations secondary to gene-environment interactions have a key role in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders. In vivo and in vitro evidence suggest that mood stabilizers can potentially reverse epigenetic deregulations found in patients with schizophrenia or mood disorders through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. However, their activity on epigenetic processes has made them a research target for therapeutic approaches. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed and EMBASE for studies investigating the specific epigenetic changes induced by non-antipsychotic mood stabilizers (valproate, lithium, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine) in animal models, human cell lines, or patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder...
2020: Frontiers in Pharmacology
#47
REVIEW
Chin-Chuen Lin, Tiao-Lai Huang
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that modulates neuroplasticity in the brain, and is one of the most widely investigated molecule in psychiatric disorders. The researches of BDNF emcompassed the advance of investigative techniques of past decades. BDNF researches ranged from protein quantilization, to RNA expression measurements, to DNA sequencing, and lately but not lastly, epigenetic studies. In this review, we will briefly address findings on BDNF protein levels, mRNA expression, Val66Met polymorphism, and epigenetic modifications, in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder...
April 2020: Biomedical Journal
#48
REVIEW
Bhaskar Roy, Yuta Yoshino, Lauren Allen, Kevin Prall, Grant Schell, Yogesh Dwivedi
Non-invasive peripheral biomarkers play a significant role in both disease diagnosis and progression. In the past few years, microRNA (miRNA) expression changes in circulating peripheral tissues have been found to be correlative with changes in neuronal tissues from patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. This is a notable quality of a biomolecule to be considered as a biomarker for both prognosis and diagnosis of disease. miRNAs, members of the small non-coding RNA family, have recently gained significant attention due to their ability to epigenetically influence almost every aspect of brain functioning...
June 2020: Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy
#49
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giselli Scaini, Samira S Valvassori, Alexandre P Diaz, Camila N Lima, Deborah Benevenuto, Gabriel R Fries, Joao Quevedo
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by changes in mood that alternate between mania and hypomania or between depression and mixed states, often associated with functional impairment. Although effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are available, several patients with BD remain symptomatic. The advance in the understanding of the neurobiology underlying BD could help in the identification of new therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and response to treatment in BD...
April 3, 2020: Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhihua Zhang, Gang Chen
Familial clustering of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) was investigated systematically (Aukes et al., Genet Med 2012, 14, 338-341) and any two or even three of these disorders could co-exist in some families. Furthermore, evidence from symptomatology and psychopharmacology also imply the existence of intrinsic connections between these three major psychiatric disorders. A total of 71,445 SNPs on chromosome 1 were genotyped on 119 SCZ, 253 BPD (type-I), 177 MDD cases and 1000 controls and further validated in 986 SCZ patients in the population of Shandong province of China...
April 7, 2020: Journal of Comparative Neurology
#51
REVIEW
Paul M Thompson, Neda Jahanshad, Christopher R K Ching, Lauren E Salminen, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Joanna Bright, Bernhard T Baune, Sara Bertolín, Janita Bralten, Willem B Bruin, Robin Bülow, Jian Chen, Yann Chye, Udo Dannlowski, Carolien G F de Kovel, Gary Donohoe, Lisa T Eyler, Stephen V Faraone, Pauline Favre, Courtney A Filippi, Thomas Frodl, Daniel Garijo, Yolanda Gil, Hans J Grabe, Katrina L Grasby, Tomas Hajek, Laura K M Han, Sean N Hatton, Kevin Hilbert, Tiffany C Ho, Laurena Holleran, Georg Homuth, Norbert Hosten, Josselin Houenou, Iliyan Ivanov, Tianye Jia, Sinead Kelly, Marieke Klein, Jun Soo Kwon, Max A Laansma, Jeanne Leerssen, Ulrike Lueken, Abraham Nunes, Joseph O' Neill, Nils Opel, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Merel C Postema, Elena Pozzi, Natalia Shatokhina, Carles Soriano-Mas, Gianfranco Spalletta, Daqiang Sun, Alexander Teumer, Amanda K Tilot, Leonardo Tozzi, Celia van der Merwe, Eus J W Van Someren, Guido A van Wingen, Henry Völzke, Esther Walton, Lei Wang, Anderson M Winkler, Katharina Wittfeld, Margaret J Wright, Je-Yeon Yun, Guohao Zhang, Yanli Zhang-James, Bhim M Adhikari, Ingrid Agartz, Moji Aghajani, André Aleman, Robert R Althoff, Andre Altmann, Ole A Andreassen, David A Baron, Brenda L Bartnik-Olson, Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam, Arielle R Baskin-Sommers, Carrie E Bearden, Laura A Berner, Premika S W Boedhoe, Rachel M Brouwer, Jan K Buitelaar, Karen Caeyenberghs, Charlotte A M Cecil, Ronald A Cohen, James H Cole, Patricia J Conrod, Stephane A De Brito, Sonja M C de Zwarte, Emily L Dennis, Sylvane Desrivieres, Danai Dima, Stefan Ehrlich, Carrie Esopenko, Graeme Fairchild, Simon E Fisher, Jean-Paul Fouche, Clyde Francks, Sophia Frangou, Barbara Franke, Hugh P Garavan, David C Glahn, Nynke A Groenewold, Tiril P Gurholt, Boris A Gutman, Tim Hahn, Ian H Harding, Dennis Hernaus, Derrek P Hibar, Frank G Hillary, Martine Hoogman, Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol, Maria Jalbrzikowski, George A Karkashadze, Eduard T Klapwijk, Rebecca C Knickmeyer, Peter Kochunov, Inga K Koerte, Xiang-Zhen Kong, Sook-Lei Liew, Alexander P Lin, Mark W Logue, Eileen Luders, Fabio Macciardi, Scott Mackey, Andrew R Mayer, Carrie R McDonald, Agnes B McMahon, Sarah E Medland, Gemma Modinos, Rajendra A Morey, Sven C Mueller, Pratik Mukherjee, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Talia M Nir, Alexander Olsen, Peristera Paschou, Daniel S Pine, Fabrizio Pizzagalli, Miguel E Rentería, Jonathan D Rohrer, Philipp G Sämann, Lianne Schmaal, Gunter Schumann, Mark S Shiroishi, Sanjay M Sisodiya, Dirk J A Smit, Ida E Sønderby, Dan J Stein, Jason L Stein, Masoud Tahmasian, David F Tate, Jessica A Turner, Odile A van den Heuvel, Nic J A van der Wee, Ysbrand D van der Werf, Theo G M van Erp, Neeltje E M van Haren, Daan van Rooij, Laura S van Velzen, Ilya M Veer, Dick J Veltman, Julio E Villalon-Reina, Henrik Walter, Christopher D Whelan, Elisabeth A Wilde, Mojtaba Zarei, Vladimir Zelman
This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics...
March 20, 2020: Translational Psychiatry
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REVIEW
Alex Ferrer, Javier Labad, Neus Salvat-Pujol, José A Monreal, Mikel Urretavizcaya, José M Crespo, José M Menchón, Diego Palao, Virginia Soria
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and cognitive deficits are two well-characterized endophenotypes present in different serious mental illnesses (SMIs), including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Our aim was to study the influence of genetic and epigenetic variations in HPA axis-related genes on cognitive performance in clinical samples, including patients with major mood disorders and schizophrenia. A systematic search was performed using PubMed (Medline), PsycINFO and Scopus databases...
March 18, 2020: Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
#53
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Honglei Yin, Hanga Galfalvy, Bin Zhang, Weiwei Tang, Qianqian Xin, Enze Li, Xiang Xue, Qiyang Li, Junping Ye, Na Yan, J John Mann
BACKGROUND: Previously, we reported that the longest variant of the GABA A receptor γ2 subunit (GABRG2) was associated with suicidal behavior. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether polymorphisms near the alternatively spliced exon of GABRG2 are associated with suicide attempt (SA) and its related traits, and how these variants might interact with reported childhood trauma (CT) in their association with suicidal behavior. METHODS: We examined 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GABRG2...
January 24, 2020: Journal of Affective Disorders
#54
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junfang Chen, Zhenxiang Zang, Urs Braun, Kristina Schwarz, Anais Harneit, Thomas Kremer, Ren Ma, Janina Schweiger, Carolin Moessnang, Lena Geiger, Han Cao, Franziska Degenhardt, Markus M Nöthen, Heike Tost, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Emanuel Schwarz
Importance: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder in which epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to illness risk. Epigenetic profiles can be derived from blood cells, but to our knowledge, it is unknown whether these predict established brain alterations associated with schizophrenia. Objective: To identify an epigenetic signature (quantified as polymethylation score [PMS]) of schizophrenia using machine learning applied to genome-wide blood DNA-methylation data; evaluate whether differences in blood-derived PMS are mirrored in data from postmortem brain samples; test whether the PMS is associated with alterations of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hippocampal (DLPFC-HC) connectivity during working memory in healthy controls (HC); explore the association between interactions between polygenic and epigenetic risk with DLPFC-HC connectivity; and test the specificity of the signature compared with other serious psychiatric disorders...
February 12, 2020: JAMA Psychiatry
#55
REVIEW
Shui Jiang, Lynne Postovit, Annamaria Cattaneo, Elisabeth B Binder, Katherine J Aitchison
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be referred to by other terms (e.g., early life adversity or stress and childhood trauma) and have a lifelong impact on mental and physical health. For example, childhood trauma has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The heritability of ACE-related phenotypes such as PTSD, depression, and resilience is low to moderate, and, moreover, is very variable for a given phenotype, which implies that gene by environment interactions (such as through epigenetic modifications) may be involved in the onset of these phenotypes...
2019: Frontiers in Psychiatry
#56
REVIEW
Identification of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Based on Systems Biology and Epigenetics.
Jacob Peedicayil
Clinically useful biomarkers are available for some neuropsychiatric disorders like fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Huntington's disease. Despite many decades of research on the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), the exact pathogenesis of these disorders remains unclear, and there are no clinically useful biomarkers for these disorders. However, there is increasing evidence that abnormal epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression contribute to the pathogenesis of SZ, BD, and MDD...
2019: Frontiers in Genetics
#57
REVIEW
Błażej Misiak, Laura Ricceri, Maria M Sąsiadek
Transposable elements (TEs) are highly repetitive DNA sequences in the human genome that are the relics of previous retrotransposition events. Although the majority of TEs are transcriptionally inactive due to acquired mutations or epigenetic processes, around 8% of TEs exert transcriptional activity. It has been found that TEs contribute to somatic mosaicism that accounts for functional specification of various brain cells. Indeed, autonomous retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) sequences has been reported in the neural rat progenitor cells from the hippocampus, the human fetal brain and the human embryonic stem cells...
2019: Frontiers in Genetics
#58
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ada M-C Ho, Stacey J Winham, Sebastian M Armasu, Caren J Blacker, Vincent Millischer, Catharina Lavebratt, James C Overholser, George J Jurjus, Lesa Dieter, Gouri Mahajan, Grazyna Rajkowska, Eric J Vallender, Craig A Stockmeier, Keith D Robertson, Mark A Frye, Doo-Sup Choi, Marin Veldic
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and temporal pole (TP) are brain regions that display abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. DNA methylation - an epigenetic mechanism both heritable and sensitive to the environment - may be involved in the pathophysiology of BD. To study BD-associated DNA methylomic differences in these brain regions, we extracted genomic DNA from the postmortem tissues of Brodmann Area (BA) 9 (DLPFC) and BA38 (TP) gray matter from 20 BD, ten major depression (MDD), and ten control age-and-sex-matched subjects...
October 2019: Journal of Psychiatric Research
#59
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nadja Freund, Georg Juckel
Characterized by the switch of manic and depressive phases, bipolar disorder was described as early as the fifth century BC. Nevertheless up to date, the underlying neurobiology is still largely unclear, assuming a multifactor genesis with both biological-genetic and psychosocial factors. Significant process has been achieved in recent years in researching the causes of bipolar disorder with modern molecular biological (e.g., genetic and epigenetic studies) and imaging techniques (e.g., positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI))...
2019: Methods in Molecular Biology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth Scarr, Madhara Udawela, Brian Dean
BACKGROUND: Mood disorders likely occur in someone with a genetic predisposition who encounters a deleterious environmental factor leading to dysregulated physiological processes due to genetic mutations and epigenetic mechanisms altering gene expression. To gain data to support this hypothesis, we measured levels of gene expression in three cortical regions known to be affected by the pathophysiologies of major depression and bipolar disorders. METHODS: Levels of RNA were measured using the Affymetrix™ Human Exon 1...
June 25, 2019: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
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