Mirtazapine

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effect of sertraline with desvenlafaxine and sertraline with mirtazapine on HAM-D score and inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α levels) in major depressive disorder. METHODS: Patients (18-60 years) with MDD diagnosed by DSM-V criteria and HAM-D score 18 or more were included ( n  = 60). Group A patients ( n  = 30) received sertraline 50 mg/day and desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day...

IMPORTANCE: Obesity affects approximately 42% of US adults and is associated with increased rates of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, osteoarthritis, and premature death. OBSERVATIONS: A body mass index (BMI) of 25 or greater is commonly used to define overweight, and a BMI of 30 or greater to define obesity, with lower thresholds for Asian populations (BMI ≥25-27.5), although use of BMI alone is not recommended to determine individual risk...

BACKGROUND: Factors influencing antidepressant treatment discontinuation are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of antidepressant treatment discontinuation and identify demographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, and specific side effects associated with treatment discontinuation. METHODS: We leveraged data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (AGDS; N = 20,941) to perform a retrospective cohort study on antidepressant treatment discontinuation...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Aim: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness in which depressive symptoms may persist after treatment. Treatment inertia is the continued use of the same pharmacotherapy regimen when treatment goals are not met. This study assessed the frequency of treatment inertia among adult patients with MDD treated in a real-world setting. Patients & methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of patients with MDD identified in the Decision Resources Group Real World Evidence US Data Repository from January 2014 to June 2018...

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) acts via 13 different receptors in humans. Of these receptor subtypes, all but 5-HT 1e R have confirmed roles in native tissue and are validated drug targets. Despite 5-HT 1e R's therapeutic potential and plausible druggability, the mechanisms of its activation remain elusive. To illuminate 5-HT 1e R's pharmacology in relation to the highly homologous 5-HT 1F R, we screened a library of aminergic receptor ligands at both receptors and observe 5-HT 1e/1F R agonism by multicyclic drugs described as pan-antagonists at 5-HT receptors...

Depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are frequent interacting diseases in the elderly with a negative impact on the quality of life of patients and caregivers. Late-life depression may be regarded either as an early symptom of AD or a risk factor for AD, depending on the context. This review was focused on the latest developments in the fields of the neurobiological basis and treatment of depression in AD. We found that some plausible hypotheses are emerging to correlate with depression in AD, such as neuroinflammation and dysimmune regulation...

Stress is a disturbance in homeostasis caused by psychological, physiological, or environmental factors. Prolonged reactions to chronic stress can be detrimental, resulting in various metabolic abnormalities, referred to as metabolic syndrome (MS). There is a reciprocal increased risk between MS and major depressive disorder. Recent studies established an association between inflammation and insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression. In the present review, we discuss chronic low-grade inflammation, pathways of insulin resistance, and brain glucose metabolism in the context of neuroinflammation and depression...

INTRODUCTION: In patients with a pre-existing mental disorder, an increased risk for a first manifestation of a psychiatric disorder in COVID-19 patients, a more severe course of COVID-19 and an increased mortality have been described. Conversely, observations of lower COVID-19 incidences in psychiatric in-patients suggested protective effects of psychiatric treatment and/or psychotropic drugs against COVID-19. METHODS: A retrospective multi-center study was conducted in 24 German psychiatric university hospitals...

Mirtazapine (MTZ) is an antidepressant drug with an exceptional pharmacological profile. It also has an excellent safety and tolerability profile. The present review provides a pharmacological update on MTZ and summarizes the research findings of MTZ's effects on different diseases. MTZ is hypothesized to have antidepressant effects because of the synergy between noradrenergic and serotonergic actions and is effective in treating major depressive disorder and depression associated with epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease...

BACKGROUND: Oedema associated with psychotropics can impose a considerable burden, leading to increased morbidity and cost. Peripheral oedema is sometimes related to the use of antidepressants, which are among the most prescribed psychotropic medications. We reviewed the reported cases of antidepressant-associated oedema to understand the risk factors, aetiology and outcome. METHODS: We searched the Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases to identify reported cases of peripheral oedema associated with antidepressant use...

Pharmacobezoars develop after an acute overdose or during routine drug administration. Here, the authors present a case of fatal multidrug overdose involving a 62-year-old woman. Her usual treatment included tramadol extended-release, citalopram, and mirtazapine. Furthermore, she self-medicated and misused her husband's medications. The autopsy revealed the presence of a voluminous medication bezoar in the stomach. No mechanical complication was noted. Toxicologic analyses were performed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, liquid chromatography with diode array detection, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection, and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry...

BACKGROUND: Agitation is common and impacts negatively on people with dementia and carers. Non-drug patient-centred care is first-line treatment, but we need other treatment when this fails. Current evidence is sparse on safer and effective alternatives to antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To assess clinical and cost-effectiveness and safety of mirtazapine and carbamazepine in treating agitation in dementia. DESIGN: Pragmatic, phase III, multicentre, double-blind, superiority, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of mirtazapine over 12 weeks (carbamazepine arm discontinued)...

BACKGROUND: Chronic pruritus is frequently seen in daily dermatological practice and is associated with marked impact on quality of life. Research on the use of gabapentin and oral antidepressants in daily dermatological practice is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gabapentin and oral antidepressants in patients with chronic pruritus in daily clinical practice. METHODS: A prospective observational single-center cohort study was conducted including adult patients with chronic pruritus and an indication for systemic treatment between June 2016 and May 2019...

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the clinical outcomes of commonly used antidepressants among older adults who initiated first-time antidepressants for depression by analyzing the 1-year risk of selected clinically relevant outcomes. METHODS: This cohort study used nationwide Danish registry data and included all older adults who redeemed a first-time (since 1995) antidepressant prescription with an indication of depression between 2006 and 2017. Only the 10 most frequently redeemed antidepressants were included in the analyses...

Aim: We aimed to systematically evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of adverse events associated with the adaptogens and antidepressant drug interactions in a retrospective chart review. Methodology: A total of 1,816 reports of adverse events were evaluated. Cases were included in the analysis if the pharmacoepidemiological analysis showed the presence of a high probability of a causal relationship between an adaptogen and antidepressant interaction and the occurrence of adverse events. The following data were extracted from the reports: age, sex, antidepressant, plant products containing adaptogens, other concomitant medications, and clinical consequences of the interactions and their possible mechanisms...

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a common vasospastic disorder that causes severe pain and ulcers, but despite its high reported heritability, no causal genes have been robustly identified. We conducted a genome-wide association study including 5,147 RP cases and 439,294 controls, based on diagnoses from electronic health records, and identified three unreported genomic regions associated with the risk of RP (p < 5 × 10-8 ). We prioritized ADRA2A (rs7090046, odds ratio (OR) per allele: 1...

PURPOSE: Insomnia is a modifiable risk factor for suicide often treated with medications. However, little is known about the associations between insomnia medications and risk of death by suicide. The purpose of this study is to model the comparative risk of suicide by each insomnia medication compared to zolpidem, a sedative-hypnotic approved for insomnia. METHODS: First prescription fills of medications commonly used to treat insomnia were identified in electronic medical records...

•The rate and severity of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has increased throughout North America, the United Kingdom, and Europe. •Scattered evidence about the association of CDI with antidepressant medications use exists in the literature so far. What are the new findings: •The risk of Clostridioides difficile infection is higher in patients who are on mirtazapine, nortriptyline, or trazodone. •The prevalence rate of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients who were using antidepressant medications and the ones who did not, increased with age...

We previously reported that in different cell types antidepressant drugs activate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) LPA1 receptor to induce proliferative and prosurvival responses. Here, we further characterize this unique action of antidepressants by examining their effects on two additional LPA receptor family members, LPA2 and LPA3 . Human LPA1-3 receptors were stably expressed in HEK-293 cells (HEK-LPA1 , -LPA2 and -LPA3 cells) and their functional activity was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence...