RNA transcription

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungus Colletotrichum fructicola, is considered one of the most destructive diseases affecting apples. The VQ-WRKY complex plays a crucial role in the response of plants to biotic stresses. However, our understanding of the defensive role of the VQ-WRKY complex on woody plants, particularly apples, under biotic stress, remains limited. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the defensive role of the apple MdVQ37-MdWRKY100 module in response to GLS infection...

PURPOSE: Despite strong evidence demonstrating that normal lens development requires regulation governed by microRNAs (miRNAs), the functional role of specific miRNAs in mammalian lens development remains largely unexplored. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis of miRNA transcripts in the newborn mouse lens, exploring both differential expression between lens epithelial cells and lens fiber cells and overall miRNA abundance, was conducted by miRNA sequencing. Mouse lenses lacking each of three abundantly expressed lens miRNAs (miR-184, miR-26, and miR-1) were analyzed to explore the role of these miRNAs in lens development...

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but fatal malignancy. However, the mechanisms underlying gallbladder carcinogenesis and its progression are poorly understood. The function of m6A modification and its regulators was still unclear for gallbladder cancer. The current study seeks to investigate the function of YTH m6A RNA-binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) in gallbladder cancer. Transcriptomic analysis and immunochemical staining of YTHDF1 in gallbladder cancer tissues revealed its upregulation compared to paracancerous tissues...

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for accurate and efficient diagnostic tools for detecting severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. This study presents a comparison of two diagnostic tests: RT-PCR and antigen detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs). This study focused on their performance, variant specificity, and their clinical implications. A simultaneous testing of 268 samples was carried out for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR and Ag-RDTs [flourescence immunoassay (FIA) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA)]...

UNLABELLED: The causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, Legionella pneumophila , is an environmental bacterium, that replicates in macrophages, parasitizes amoeba, and forms biofilms. L. pneumophila employs the Legionella quorum sensing (Lqs) system and the transcription factor LvbR to control various bacterial traits, including virulence and biofilm architecture. LvbR negatively regulates the nitric oxide (NO) receptor Hnox1, linking quorum sensing to NO signaling. Here, we assessed the response of L...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are progressively being perceived as prominent molecular agents controlling multiple aspects of neuronal (patho)physiology. Amongst these is the HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA, often abbreviated as HOTAIR . HOTAIR epigenetically regulates its target genes via its interaction with two different chromatin-modifying agents; histone methyltransferase polycomb-repressive complex 2 and histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1. Parenthetically, HOTAIR elicits trans-acting sponging function against multiple micro-RNA species...

BACKGROUND: The maintenance of skeletal muscle plasticity upon changes in the environment, nutrient supply, and exercise depends on regulatory mechanisms that couple structural and metabolic adaptations. The mechanisms that interconnect both processes at the transcriptional level remain underexplored. Nr2f6, a nuclear receptor, regulates metabolism and cell differentiation in peripheral tissues. However, its role in the skeletal muscle is still elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of Nr2f6 modulation on muscle biology in vivo and in vitro...

Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland (AciCC) is a low-grade carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of the transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3). AciCC has been the subject of a few molecular research projects. This study delves into AciCC's molecular landscape to identify additional alterations and explore their clinical implications. RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining for markers NR4A3/NR4A2, DOG-1, S100, and mammaglobin were utilized on 41 AciCCs and 11 secretory carcinoma (SC) samples...

AIM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases, and epigenetic modification N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) is essential for transcriptional modulation involved in its development. However, the precise role and landscape of transcriptome-wide m6 A alterations in molecular adaptations after physical exercise have yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS: Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish a diabetic state, and HFD mice were simultaneously subjected to physical exercise (HFD + EX)...

This study aims to explore possible effect of RNA polymerase I subunit D (POLR1D) on proliferation and angiogenesis ability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and mechanism herein. The correlation of POLR1D and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) expressions with prognosis of CRC patients in TCGA database was analyzed. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were applied to detect expression levels of POLR1D and YY1 in CRC cell lines and CRC tissues. SW480 and HT- 29 cells were transfected with si-POLR1D or pcDNA3...

The N6 -methyladenosine reader YTH N6 -methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) has been assessed in several tumor types and holds significance in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, p53, an important tumor suppressor, is closely associated with the TME. The present study evaluated the roles of YTHDF1 and p53 in regulating the TME in gastric cancer (GC). Genetic alterations in the YTH domain family were analyzed using the cBioPortal database. Expression of YTHDF1 in GC cells and tissues was assessed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis portal and Tumor-Immune System Interactions and Drug Bank (TISIDB) databases, along with reverse-transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting in GC...

Fibroblasts in the skin are highly heterogeneous, both in vivo and in vitro. One difference between follicular (dermal papilla fibroblasts [DP]) and interfollicular fibroblasts (papillary fibroblasts [PFi]) in vitro is their ability to differentiate in response to osteogenic media (OM), or mechanical stimulation. Here, we asked whether differences in the ability of DP and PFi to respond to differentiation stimuli are due to differences in chromatin accessibility. We performed chromatin accessibility and transcriptional profiling of DP and PFi in human skin, which arise from a common progenitor during development, yet display distinct characteristics in adult tissue and in vitro...

N 6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) methylation is an internal post-transcriptional modification that has been linked to viral multiplication and pathogenicity. To elucidate the conservation patterns of potential 5'-DRACH-3' motifs in avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), 149 ALV-J strains (139 isolates from China; ALV-J prototype HPRS-103 from the UK; and 9 strains from the USA, Russia, India, and Pakistan) available in GenBank before December 2023 were retrieved. According to the prediction results of the SRAMP web-server, these ALV-J genomes contained potential DRACH motifs, with the total number ranging from 43 to 64, which were not determined based on the isolation region and time...

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a primary feature of renal complications in patients with sepsis. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR)-30a is an essential regulator of cardiovascular diseases, tumors, phagocytosis, and other physical processes, but whether it participates in sepsis-induced AKI (sepsis-AKI) is unknown. We aimed to elucidate the functions and molecular mechanism underlying miR-30a activity in sepsis-AKI. METHODS: The classical cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Human Kidney 2 (HK-2) cells were used to establish in vivo and in vitro sepsis-AKI models...

INTRODUCTION: Low temperature (LT) and weak light (WL) seriously affects the yield and quality of snapdragon in winter greenhouse. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exert positive role in regulating growth and enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by AMF improve the LT combined with WL (LTWL) tolerance in snapdragon remain mostly unknown. METHODS: We compared the differences in root configuration, osmoregulatory substances, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzyme defense systems and transcriptome between AMF-inoculated and control groups under LT, WL, low light, and LTWL conditions...

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) encompasses a spectrum of pancreatic inflammatory conditions, ranging from mild inflammation to severe pancreatic necrosis and multisystem organ failure. Given the challenges associated with obtaining human pancreatic samples, research on AP predominantly relies on animal models. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying AP using various AP models. AIM: To investigate the shared molecular changes underlying the development of AP across varying severity levels...

Genetically encoded circuits have been successfully utilized to assess and characterize target variants with desirable traits from large mutant libraries. Adenosylcobalamin is an essential coenzyme that is required in many intracellular physiological reactions and is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. High-throughput screening techniques capable of detecting adenosylcobalamin productivity and selecting superior adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis strains are critical for the creation of an effective microbial cell factory for the production of adenosylcobalamin at an industrial level...

From the approval of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to the 2023 Nobel Prize awarded for nucleoside base modifications, RNA therapeutics have entered the spotlight and are transforming drug development. While the term "RNA therapeutics" has been used in various contexts, this review focuses on treatments that utilize RNA as a component or target RNA for therapeutic effects. We summarize the latest advances in RNA-targeting tools and RNA-based technologies, including but not limited to mRNA, antisense oligos, siRNAs, small molecules and RNA editors...

The post-transcriptional reduction of uridine to dihydrouridine (D) by dihydrouridine synthase (DUS) enzymes is among the most ubiquitous transformations in RNA biology. D is found at multiple sites in tRNAs, and studies in yeast have proposed that each of the four eukaryotic DUS enzymes modifies a different site; however, the molecular basis for this exquisite selectivity is unknown, and human DUS enzymes have remained largely uncharacterized. Here we investigate the substrate specificity of human dihydrouridine synthase 2 (hDUS2) using mechanism-based cross-linking with 5-bromouridine (5-BrUrd)-modified oligonucleotide probes and in vitro dihydrouridylation assays...

Inflammation control is critical during the innate immune response. Such response is triggered by the detection of molecules originating from pathogens or damaged host cells by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs subsequently initiate intra-cellular signalling through different pathways, resulting in i) the production of inflammatory cytokines, including type I interferon (IFN), and ii) the initiation of a cascade of events that promote both immediate host responses as well as adaptive immune responses...