Antimicrobial susceptibility

BACKGROUND: Pharmacokinetics of amikacin administered IV to neonatal foals are described, but little data are available regarding the plasma concentrations contributed by concurrent intra-articular (IA) administration. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Compare the pharmacokinetics of amikacin when the total dose is administered IV compared to being divided between IV and IA routes of administration in neonatal foals and predict the plasma concentrations from various combined IV and IA dosing regimens...

BACKGROUND: Due to the growing resistance to routinely used antibiotics, the search for new antibiotics or their combinations with effective inhibitors against multidrug-resistant microorganisms is ongoing. In our study, we assessed the in vitro drug susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDM) to antibiotics included in the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) recommendations...

The primary objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of common mastitis pathogens on large Chinese dairy farms. A total of 673 isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus (14.41%, 97/673), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 52.30%, 352/673), Streptococcus agalactiae (5.64%, 38/673), non- agalactiae streptococci (7.42%, 50/673), Acinetobacter spp. (7.72%, 52/673), Escherichia spp. (6.39%, 43/673), and Klebsiella spp. (6.09%, 41/673), were collected from 15 large Chinese dairy farms in 12 provinces...

Introduction Marine actinobacteria are promising sources of novel bioactive compounds due to their distinct ecological niches and diverse secondary metabolite production capabilities. Among these,  Microbispora  sp. T3S11 is notable for its unique spore chain structure, which allows for both morphological and genetic identification. Despite its potential, little is understood about the secondary metabolites produced by this strain. In this study, we hope to fill this gap by extracting and analyzing the antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites from  Microbispora  sp...

Introduction In general, with frequent recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs), long-term antibiotic therapy is stipulated at a low dose. With this type of situation and with easy access to several classes of antibiotics in tertiary health care settings, the use of such drugs results in the development of resistant bacteria in patients.  Escherichia coli  is a frequent cause of UTI observed. Hence, it was proposed in the present study to assess the antimicrobial resistance status of  E...

Apex predators are exposed to antimicrobial compounds and resistant microbes, which accumulate at different trophic levels of the related ecosystems. The study aimed to characterize the presence and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of fecal Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab samples obtained from wild-living American crocodiles ( Crocodylus acutus ) ( n  = 53). Sampling was conducted within the distinctive context of a freshwater-intensive aquaculture farm in Costa Rica, where incoming crocodiles are temporarily held in captivity before release...

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired UTI is the most common bacterial infection managed in general medical practice that can lead to life-threatening outcomes. While UTIs are primarily caused by Escherichia coli colonizing the patient's gut, it is unclear whether the gut resident E. coli profiles can predict the person's risks for UTI and optimal antimicrobial treatments. Thus, we conducted an eighteen-month long community-based observational study of fecal E. coli colonization and UTI in women aged 50 years and above...

Foodstuffs are a well-documented source of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and hospitalized patients are usually susceptible to hospital infections owing to their immune status. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in ready-to-eat foods consumed by hospitalized patients. For this purpose, 51 vegetable and meat samples were collected over 2 months and analyzed. Enterobacterales isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, followed by beta-lactamase gene screening, pH tolerance assays, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS)...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant bacterium capable of forming biofilms. This study aimed to assess resistance of clinical isolates from Libyan hospitals to antipseudomonal antibiotics, the prevalence of selected extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase genes among these isolates, and the microorganisms' capacity for alginate and biofilm production. Forty-five isolates were collected from four hospitals in Benghazi and Derna, Libya. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using agar disc diffusion...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, posing significant public health challenges due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aims to assess the prevalence, demographic characteristics, microbial profile, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Indian patients with UTIs admitted to intensive care unit. A total of 154 patients with positive UTIs were included in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence data including demographics, microbial isolates, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were collected...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibilities of pathogens isolated from cultures within the first 7 days of admission to the burn center and in the absence of healthcare-associated infection risk factors (HAIRF) to determine if current empiric antibiotics can be narrowed for refinement of an empiric antibiotic prescribing pathway according to suspected source. A 3-year sample of patients and cultures was utilized in hopes of obtaining at least 30 isolates of the most common pathogens and their respective susceptibilities...

Avian cellulitis in broilers, caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, is a major cause for carcass rejections during meat inspection, resulting in significant economic losses. In this study, we analysed E. coli isolates obtained from broiler chickens affected by cellulitis for their genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype. The objective was to determine whether there is a clonal spread or whether these clinical isolates differ. For this purpose, E. coli was isolated from swab samples collected from diseased broilers across 77 poultry farms in Germany, resulting in 107 isolates...

(Basic awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance and prevailing mechanisms can aid emergency physicians in providing appropriate care to patients with infections due to a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO). Empiric treatment of MDRO infections should be approached with caution and guided by the most likely pathogens based on differential diagnosis, severity of the illness, suspected source of infection, patient-specific factors, and local antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Newer broad-spectrum antibiotics should be reserved for critically ill patients where there is a high likelihood of infection with an MDRO...

On-farm dairy processing plants, which are situated close to farms and larger dairy processing facilities, face unique challenges in maintaining environmental hygiene. This can impact various stages of dairy processing. These plants operate on smaller scales and use Low-Temperature-Long-Time (LTLT) pasteurization, making them more susceptible to microbial contamination through direct and indirect contact. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria found on dairy farms pose risks to human health by potentially transferring resistance via dairy products...

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the effects of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (4-H-3-MB) against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) using an in vitro cariogenic biofilm model. DESIGN: The antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm-forming S. mutans was evaluated by disc diffusion method. In vitro investigations were performed using crystal violet staining assay (biofilm assay), exopolysaccharide (EPS) assay, acid production, growth curve analysis, optical microscopic, and FE-SEM analyses to determine the antibiofilm activity of 4-H-3-MB...

Bacterial resistance to β-lactams is mainly attributed to CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). However, the predominant sequence type (ST) of blaCTX-M -carrying Escherichia coli (blaCTX-M -Ec) in chickens, an important food animal, in China and its contribution to human β-lactam resistance are not investigated. In this study, approximately 1808 chicken-derived strains collected from 10 provinces from 2012 to 2020 were screened for blaCTX-M -Ec, and 222 blaCTX-M -Ec were identified...

Waterborne coatings with intrinsic antibacterial attributes have attracted significant attention due to their potential in mitigating microbial contamination while simultaneously addressing the environmental drawbacks of their solvent-based counterparts. Typically, antimicrobial coatings are designed to resist and eliminate microbial threats, encompassing challenges such as biofilm formation, fungal contamination, and proliferation of black mold. Iodine, when solubilized using ethylene glycol and incorporated as a complex into waterborne latex dispersions, has shown remarkable antimicrobial activity...

BACKGROUND: The U.S. antibiotic market failure has threatened future innovation and supply. Understanding when and why clinicians underutilize recently approved gram-negative antibiotics might help prioritize the patient in future antibiotic development and potential market entry rewards. OBJECTIVE: To determine use patterns of recently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved gram-negative antibiotics (ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, plazomicin, eravacycline, imipenem-relebactam-cilastatin, and cefiderocol) and identify factors associated with their preferential use (over traditional generic agents) in patients with gram-negative infections due to pathogens displaying difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR; that is, resistance to all first-line antibiotics)...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of feeding pasteurized waste milk or saleable milk to calves on weight, health and emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from those calves. An experimental study under field conditions on a commercial pasture-based Argentinian dairy farm was carried out. Forty Holstein calves were assigned randomly to either pasteurized waste milk (PWM) or non-pasteurized saleable milk (SM). The antimicrobial agents (AM) used on the farm, both to treat or prevent diseases, were recorded...

Interspecies interactions within a biofilm community influence population dynamics and community structure, which in turn may affect the bacterial stress response to antimicrobials. This study was conducted to assess the impact of interactions between Kocuria salsicia and a three-species biofilm community (comprising Stenotrophomonas rhizophila , Bacillus licheniformis , and Microbacterium lacticum ) on biofilm mass, the abundance of individual species, and their survival under a laboratory-scale cleaning and disinfection (C&D) regime...