Adult male obsessive eating disorders

BACKGROUND: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is described as an obsessive pathological behavior characterized by a strong preoccupation with healthy eating and the avoidance of foods or ingredients considered unhealthy by the subject. Although it is still not officially recognized as an eating disorder, previous studies have discussed its frequency in some groups and a fifteen-question test (ORTO-15) was developed elsewhere to assess ON behavior. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate ON behavior in a sample of Brazilian dietitians after testing the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of ORTO-15...

This study compared self-reported impulsivity and neurocognitively assessed response inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), eating disorder (ED), and healthy control participants. Participants completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), stop-signal reaction time task, and measures of OCD and ED symptomatology (Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire). Compared to controls, both clinical groups reported higher levels of impulsivity on the BIS-11 however; only the OCD demonstrated increased stop-signal reaction time...

OBJECTIVE: Providing psychiatric consultation to elite athletes presents unique and complex issues. These patients present with multifaceted medical, psychological, and performance concerns. We provide the first report of professional and ethical quandaries that arise in treating elite athletes and ways to address them. METHOD: We identified studies through a MEDLINE search. Search terms included the following, individually and in combination: psychiatry, athletes, elite athletes, professional athletes, sports, sport psychiatry, mental illness, major depressive disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, suicide, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, psychosis, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse, substance dependence, addiction, alcohol, anabolic steroids, stimulants, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, sedative-hypnotics, psychotropics, medications, and psychiatric medications...

This re-audit assessed whether wards at South West London and St Georges' mental health trust (SWLSTG) met agreed standards regarding informing inpatients about their legal status in hospital and rights, following an initial audit in 2009. Three general adult wards were re-audited, and other general and specialist wards (addictions, eating disorders, deaf services and obsessive compulsive disorder) were added. One hundred and five people (61 informal, 44 detained under the Mental Health Act 1983, revised 2007) on 10 wards were interviewed using an agreed proforma...

Striving for enhancing athletic performance, many sportsmen undergo rigid dietary habits, which could lead to eating disorders (EDs) or Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), a psychopathological condition characterized by the obsession for high quality food. The aim of the study was to examine the occurrence of ON in athletes and to verify the relationship between ON and EDs. Five-hundred-seventy-seven athletes and 217 matched controls were administered the following tests: ORTO-15, Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT-26), Body Uneasiness Test (BUT) and Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale (YBC-EDS)...

The aims of this study were, first, to examine the structure and validity of the Eating-related Intrusive Thoughts Inventory (INPIAS), a self-report questionnaire designed to assess eating disorders related to intrusive thoughts (EDITs), and second, to explore the existence of a continuum ranging from normal to abnormal thought intrusions related to eating, weight, and shape. Participants were 574 (408 women) nonclinical community individuals. Analyses revealed that EDITs can be clustered into three sets: appearance-dieting, need to exercise, and thoughts-impulses related to eating disorders...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested increased prevalence of impulsive/compulsive behaviors (ICB) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as compared to general population in different ethnic groups. The spectrum of these behaviors includes dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), punding, pathological gambling (PG), hypersexuality (HS), binge eating (BE), and compulsive shopping (CS). METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-eight consecutive patients with idiopathic PD regularly followed-up at an outpatient clinic were interviewed and screened for the ICB between September 2008 and December 2008 using designated diagnostic criteria...

Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic construct associated with a range of diagnoses, including depression, eating disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder. Treatments that directly target perfectionist cognitions have been shown to successfully reduce associated pathologies. However, the way in which they do this is not clear. We set out to assess the role of one candidate mechanism of action, namely the cognitive process of interpretation of ambiguity. In one experiment we looked for associations between biased interpretation and perfectionism...

OBJECTIVE: Orthorexia, from the Greek words orthos (straight, proper) and orexis (appetite), is a newly conceptualized disorder characterized by distorted eating habits and cognitions concerning supposedly healthy nutrition. In this article we present preliminary results of a wider research aimed to investigate the diffusion of Orthorexia in the general population and to highlight its characteristics and particularly the relationship with Eating Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of sleep related-eating disorder (SRED) and nocturnal smoking (NS) in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: 65 consecutive adult NC patients (33 men; mean age 43.9 ± 19.2 years) and 65 age-, sex-, and geographical origin-matched controls. INTERVENTIONS: Validated questionnaires were used to investigate SRED, NS, restless legs syndrome (RLS), and psychopathological traits (using Eating Disorder Inventory-2 [EDI-2]; Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory [MOCI]; and Beck Depression Inventory [BDI])...

AIM: Dissociative symptoms are often found in psychiatric patients and have been implicated in psychotic trauma. We aimed to explore dissociative tendencies in psychiatric patients including dissociative disorders (DDs), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), eating disorder (ED), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by using the Dissociation Questionnaire Japanese version (DIS-Q-J). METHODS: We evaluated the reliability and the validity of DIS-Q-J by comparing it with the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES)...

The aim of this study was to detect the possible changes in dietary behavior among college students from the University Campus of Orense by means of self-perception of their body image. 145 college students participated, 107 women (74% of the study population with a mean age of 25.2 ± 2.9 years) and 38 men (26%, with a mean age of 25.3 ± 3.3 years). This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using questionnaires and assessing the body mass index (BMI), the subjective weight and using two sub-scales of the Eating Disorders Inventory 2: the body dissatisfaction (EDI-IC) sub-scale and the slimness obsession (EDI-OD) sub-scale...

The estimated prevalence of anorexia nervosa is highest in teenagers and probably increasing in prepubertal girls, while morbidity rates in female adults remain constant. Childhood and adolescent AN often take a chronic and disabling course with severe consequences for somatic and mental health in adulthood and an eventually high mortality. Besides a reduced growth, diminished reproduction rate and an increased risk of osteoporosis a prolonged course of the disorder may impact on the development of the adolescent brain, probably by hormonal dysfunctions such as those of the corticoid and gonadal system and by severe changes in neuropeptides such as leptin...

BACKGROUND: Experts have proposed removing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from the anxiety disorders section and grouping it with putatively related conditions in DSM-5. The current study uses co-morbidity and familiality data to inform these issues. METHOD: Case family data from the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (382 OCD-affected probands and 974 of their first-degree relatives) were compared with control family data from the Johns Hopkins OCD Family Study (73 non-OCD-affected probands and 233 of their first-degree relatives)...

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may be a risk factor for the development of an eating disorder (ED) later in life, but prospective studies are lacking. We aimed to determine the prevalence of ED at follow-up and clinical predictors in a longitudinal clinical sample of adolescents/young adults diagnosed with OCD in childhood. METHOD: All contactable (n=231) young people with OCD assessed over 9 years at a national and specialist paediatric OCD clinic were included in this study...

The present research evaluated an Italian version of the Body Image Concern Inventory (I-BICI). A total of 412 Italian volunteers from Central and Southern Italy completed the measure (M=27.05 years, range=13-66 years) and the basic psychometric properties (factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity) were assessed. The total measure demonstrated good internal consistency. Significant correlations were found between the I-BICI and measures of eating disorder (EDI-2) and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (PI)...

AIMS: The aims of the study are to evaluate, in the Italian context, the presence and clinical features of early prodromal symptoms before the psychotic onset and, most of all, the duration of the period between the first onset of any psychiatric symptom and the psychotic onset (Duration of Untreated Illness). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on a sample of 296 inpatients with a diagnosis of "non-affective psychosis" enrolled in "Villa dei Fiori" inpatients Clinic in Rome...

We studied the relation between intrusive and repetitive hair pulling, the defining feature of trichotillomania, and compulsive and impulsive features in 1,453 individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. We conducted a series of regression models examining the relative influence of compulsive features associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder, compulsive features associated with eating disorders, trait features related to harm avoidance, perfectionism, and novelty seeking, and self harm. A final model with a reduced sample (n = 928) examined the additional contribution of impulsive attributes...

BACKGROUND: Muscle dysmorphia or vigorexia is a disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with the idea that he or she is not muscular enough. AIM: To assess physical exercise, eating behaviors and the presence of muscle dysmorphia among weightlifters and medical students. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross sectional evaluation of 88 male weightlifters aged 27 ± 7 years and 84 male medical students aged 22 ± 1 year was made. Eating behaviors were evaluated using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess preliminarily the effectiveness of acamprosate in binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD: In this 10-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, flexible dose trial, 40 outpatients with BED received acamprosate (N = 20) or placebo (N = 20). The primary outcome measure was binge eating episode frequency. RESULTS: While acamprosate was not associated with a significantly greater rate of reduction in binge eating episode frequency or any other measure in the primary longitudinal analysis, in the endpoint analysis it was associated with statistically significant improvements in binge day frequency and measures of obsessive-compulsiveness of binge eating, food craving, and quality of life...