Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase CML

Trisomy 13, as a sole karyotypic abnormality in acute leukemia, has been reported in several cases. However, in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), only two cases with this abnormality were reported so far. We describe herein a 68-year-old case with Philadelphia chromosome-negative CML and trisomy 13. Leukocytosis was pointed out during the treatment for other diseases. After 7 months, abrupt increase in leukocyte count (108,000/microliters) and splenomegaly developed. Decreased neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity and morphological features fulfilled the diagnostic terms for CML...

Inferferon alfa-2b (IFN) plays a major role in the current management of previously untreated patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) as well as patients with CML who have relapsed after bone marrow transplantation. Hydroxyurea (HU) is the best conventional drug for treatment of CML in the chronic phase. Ten patients, six men and four women, 40-70 years of age, were treated during the accelerated phase of CML with a combination of IFN and HU. Patients had received only HU during the chronic phase of the disease...

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is successfully used in the cyto-differentiating treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Paradoxically, APL cells express PML-RAR, an aberrant form of the retinoic acid receptor type alpha (RAR alpha) derived from the leukemia-specific t(15;17) chromosomal translocation. We show here that AM580, a stable retinobenzoic derivative originally synthesized as a RAR alpha agonist, is a powerful inducer of granulocytic maturation in NB4, an APL-derived cell line, and in freshly isolated APL blasts...

A previously healthy 11 year-old-white boy presented with persistent mild leukocytosis and a posterior mediastinal mass. Surgical excision of the mass showed it to be a ganglioneuroma. Postoperatively, the patient had marked leukocytosis (white blood cell count 57,000/mm3) and a low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score. Bone marrow aspirate for cytogenetics performed in the evaluation of the posterior mediastinal mass showed the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) in 19 of 20 metaphase spreads. The diagnosis of Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was confirmed on repeat cytogenetics...

The correlations between select clinical and laboratory data recorded at the time of diagnosis in 125 chronic myelogenous leukemia patients (60 men and 65 women) and survival time these patient was analysed. All patients were treated with similar methods. Characteristics for which there was evidence of associations with shorter survival outcome were older age, anemia, high percentage of peripheral and marrow blasts and thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis. There was no evidence of statistically significant prognostic value such parameters as: sex, presence of symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, high leukocytosis (WBC), high proportion of circulating promyelocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils and serum LDH or leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity...

Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) blasts with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogs, in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), results in the upregulation of the expression of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP), a marker for the differentiation of the granulocyte. The synergistic interaction between the cyclic nucleotide analogs and the retinoid is not unique to APL cells, as it is observed also in the peripheral granulocytes of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying LAP induction were studied in NB4, an immortalized APL cell line...

In hematological diseases such as myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), some abnormalities in the chemiluminescence of neutrophils are observed. There are two groups; one includes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and MDS, which all have decreased chemiluminescence of neutrophils. The other group includes polycythemia vera (PV) which has increased neutrophil chemiluminescence. We studied the neutrophil function by analyzing the chemiluminescence in 35 patients with hematological diseases...

Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) is a heterogeneous disorder composed of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) CML, which is similar to CML in adults, and Ph-negative (Ph-) CML, a childhood myelodysplasia resembling chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in adults. These two disorders are not always readily separable by leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) scoring and by karyotyping, yet they have different courses and outcomes. We compared the results of breakpoint cluster region (bcr) gene rearrangement analysis with LAP score and karyotype in these patients...

In this report we show a strong synergistic interaction between granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the expression of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) in freshly isolated acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) blasts as well as in NB40 and HL-60 cell lines. The strong synergism observed in these cell types was not evident in two acute leukemia cell lines (K562 and GF-D8), in normal granulocytes, and in monocytes. In freshly isolated leukocytes derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), in the stable phase of the disease, a weaker interaction between ATRA and G-CSF was documented...

The prognostic value of several clinical and hematologic features, recorded at diagnosis, in chronic phase Ph1 positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), was analyzed in 135 patients using life-table analysis. About one third of patients were atomic bomb survivors and they had been examined twice a year before the diagnosis of CML. In general, features representing tumor cell burden, i.e., leukocyte count, spleen sizes, and absolute differential cell counts of all granulocyte series cells except myeloblasts affected survival significantly, while sex, age, hemoglobin, platelets and features representing quality of leukemia, i...

We describe two patients who had similar features of erythrocytosis and marked leukocytosis but who were subsequently classified as having chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia vera, respectively, using leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores and cytogenetic studies to detect the Philadelphia chromosome. The patient diagnosed as having polycythemia vera had a leukocyte count of 164,000/cu mm, which remained at similar levels when the patient was not in remission. We believe this is the first well documented case of PV with a leukocyte count above 150,000/cu mm...

Granulocyte alkaline phosphatase (GAP) was extracted from the leukocyte suspensions of 15 subjects with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), determining the Zn content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The purified enzymatic preparation was dialyzed against a ZnCl2 solution (.01 mg%) in TRIS-HCl 0.1 M, pH 7.5, for 48 hours. After dialysis Zn concentration and GAP activity reached normal values. This suggests that the GAP molecule isolated from CML subjects is not altered as it is able to receive at most 2 Zn moles responsible for the enzymatic function...

A 44-year-old woman with Ph1-positive CML achieved a complete remission following small doses of MCNU. She is still in remission after more than 18 months without maintenance therapy. Chromosomal analyses revealed Ph1 chromosomes in 100% of cells before the therapy, and a mosaic of Ph1-positive cells (74%) and negative cells (26%) after the therapy. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores were low before the therapy and became normal after the therapy. MCNU seems to be an effective drug for treating CML producing prolonged remission with reappearance of Ph1-negative normal clones in the present case...

To study the relationship granulocyte alkaline phosphatase (AP)--zinc (Zn) in mixed leukocyte suspensions, the enzyme from 51 mixed leukocyte suspensions was separated and purified. In the pure extract, determinations were carried out for enzymatic activity--using the autoanalyzer LKB 8600--and for Zn content--using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. From the data obtained it resulted that, in agreement with the results in the literature Zn concentration in the mixed leukocyte suspensions from chronic myeloid leukemia, (CML) patients is about half that in the normal controls (0...

Leukocyte transfusions from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and elevated WBC counts were given to 14 patients with acute leukemia for the treatment of 16 infectious episodes. The WBCs were not irradiated to determine if engraftment with production of granulocytes would occur following infusion of immature myeloid elements. No recipient was alloimmunized by clinical and serologic criteria. High leukocyte yields were obtained using a variety of differential centrifugation techniques with a mean WBC yield/transfusion of 95 X 10(9) (range 19-275)...

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Lysosomal arylsulfatases A and B of peripheral leukocytes from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and from healthy subjects were studied. Two enzyme activities of leukemia cells were significantly higher than those of cells from healthy subjects, irrespective of total and differential counts of leukemic cells. Upon anion-exchange chromatography, the arylsulfatases of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells and normal leukocytes were separated into the basic B enzyme and its anionic variant (B1) and A enzyme...

Starch-gel electrophoresis of leukocyte alkaline phosphatases, rendered soluble by treating normal leukocytes with butanol, revealed three electrophoretic variants of the enzyme. The phosphatases in similarly prepared extracts of leukemia cells differed from the normal isozymes in electrophoretic. mobility. A single variant was detected in one case of untreated leukemia; a similar component and three additional ones were seen in leukemia treated with 6-mercaptopurine.

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