Hypothyroid treatment

BACKGROUND: The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been associated with many adverse reactions. Thyroid dysfunction, the most common adverse reaction of the endocrine system, has also attracted significant attention. This study aimed to analyse the effect of ICIs combined with chemotherapy on thyroid function in patients with TNBC. METHODS: As of November 4, 2023, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for clinical trials of ICIs combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of TNBC...

BACKGROUND: Treating hyperthyroidism induced by autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) through radioactive iodine and surgery often results in undesirable hypothyroidism. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has arisen as a favorable option. European guidelines recommend RFA for small AFTN in young patients, aiming to restore normal thyroid function and avoid irradiation. The procedure, costing between 500 and 1,000 euros, is conducted in outpatient clinics and takes 15 to 40 minutes...

BACKGROUND: Hypocalcaemia is a rare, but reversible, cause of dilated cardiomyopathy causing heart failure. Several case reports have been reported on reversible cardiomyopathy secondary to hypocalcaemia. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of 54-year-old female Sri Lankan patient who presented with shortness of breath and was diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction due to dilated cardiomyopathy. The etiology for dilated cardiomyopathy was identified as hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy, secondary to primary hypoparathyroidism, which was successfully treated with calcium and vitamin D replacement therapy...

Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and/or anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) positivity at baseline is a risk marker for thyroid immune-related adverse events (thyroid-irAEs) in anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (PD-1-Ab) treatment; however, it is unknown if TgAb and TPOAb titers are associated with clinical characteristics of thyroid-irAEs. Among 586 patients treated with PD-1-Ab at Nagoya University Hospital between 2 November 2015 and 30 September 2021, 57 patients developed thyroid-irAEs (thyrotoxicosis [n = 38]; hypothyroidism without prior thyrotoxicosis {isolated hypothyroidism} [n = 19]) in whom thyroid function, and TgAb and TPOAb titers were determined at baseline and at the onset...

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and platinum as first-line treatment in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm, open label, phase 2 clinical study enrolling patients at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences with R/M HNSCC treated with pembrolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin or carboplatin. After six cycles of treatment, patients received pembrolizumab as maintenance therapy until disease progression or intolerable toxicity or completion of 35 cycles of treatment...

PURPOSE: Immune-related thyroid adverse events (irTAEs) occur frequently following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The purpose of this study is to provide knowledge about the incidence, clinical timeline characteristics, associated factors of irTAEs, and potential impact on treatment efficacy in patients with melanoma receiving adjuvant ICI therapy. METHODS: A national multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with resected stage III/IV melanoma treated with adjuvant PD-1 inhibitors between November 2018 and December 2020...

BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism, a prevalent endocrine disorder, carries significant implications for maternal and infant health, especially in the context of maternal hypothyroidism. Despite a gradual surge in recent research, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the current state, focal points, and developmental trends in this field remains challenging. Clarifying these aspects and advancing research could notably enhance maternal-infant health outcomes. Therefore, this study employs bibliometric methods to systematically scrutinize maternal hypothyroidism research, serving as a reference for further investigations...

CONTEXT: Between 10% and 15% of people with hypothyroidism experience persistent symptoms, despite achieving biochemical euthyroidism. The underlying causes are unclear. Type D personality (a vulnerability factor for general psychological distress) is associated with poor health status and symptom burden but has not been studied in people with hypothyroidism. OBJECTIVE: To investigate type D personality in hypothyroidism and explore associations with other characteristics and patient-reported outcomes...

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study analyzed factors influencing hypothyroidism development after radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred and three patients with Graves' disease treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) from 2013 to 2022 at two Egyptian hospitals were included. Data collected included demographics, lab values, thyroid imaging, RAI doses, and outcomes. Patients were followed for ≥1 year to assess hypothyroidism onset...

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid-releasing hormones are pivotal in regulating cardiovascular (CVS) function and maintaining its hemodynamics and homeostasis. Even a minor alteration in thyroid function has an enormous implication on CVS morbidity and mortality. Moreover, hypothyroidism was found to be a potential menace for coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of this study was to determine the role of thyroid-releasing hormones in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS)...

A prevalent clinical scenario is provided in this case study, in which a 22-year-old lady with a five-year history of lupus nephritis with acute motor axonal neuropathy presents for therapy. The patient received immunomodulator medication and steroids to control her symptoms to keep up with her everyday life despite the absence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and hypothyroidism. No laboratory measures were changed, including hemoglobin, serum creatinine, or thyroid function. Examining the nervous system indicated a potentially harmful consequence, underscoring the significance of prompt investigation and treatment...

BACKGROUND: Studies from different parts of the world on thyroid dysfunction have shown it to be widespread in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there is insufficient local data to support this observation. AIM: To determine the burden of thyroid dysfunction among patients with T2DM at a Tertiary Hospital in Southeast Nigeria with emphasis on its prevalence and pattern of presentation. METHODS: Four hundred and seventy-two subjects were recruited for the study...

BACKGROUND: Combination therapy with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (multi-TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been increasingly tested in clinical studies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the addition of ICI to multi-TKIs on the profile of treatment-related adverse events. METHODS: An electronic database search was performed using PubMed and Web of Science to identify published clinical studies on multi-TKI monotherapy and multi-TKI plus ICI combination therapy from July 20, 2005 to July 1, 2023...

BACKGROUND: β-Thalassemia major (BTM) is one of the most common hereditary anemias worldwide. Patients suffer from iron overload that results from repeated blood transfusion This in turn leads to multiple organ damage and endocrinopathies. This study aims to assess the prevalence of growth retardation, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents with BTM treated at Dubai Thalassemia Centre. METHODS: A total of 105 children and adolescents were included in this retrospective observational study...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) has been found to have some interesting association with vaccinations. This paper mainly focuses on exploring different associations between COVID-19 vaccination and GBS. METHODS: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Embase were searched using MESH terms for case reports published till 1 August 2023 from which 70 case reports were documented involving 103 individuals from 23 different countries...

Headaches attributed to disorders of homeostasis include those different headache types associated with metabolic and systemic diseases. These are headache disorders occurring in temporal relation to a disorder of homeostasis including hypoxia, high altitude, airplane travel, diving, sleep apnea, dialysis, autonomic dysreflexia, hypothyroidism, fasting, cardiac cephalalgia, hypertension and other hypertensive disorders like pheochromocytoma, hypertensive crisis, and encephalopathy, as well as preeclampsia or eclampsia...

The aim of the study was to explore the clinical features related to early hypothyroidism and the relationship between the changes of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) and early hypothyroidism in the course of 131 I treatment for Graves' disease. This study was a retrospective observation, including 226 patients who received the first 131 I treatment. The general information and laboratory tests were collected before and after 131 I treatment, and the laboratory data affecting the difference in disease outcome were analyzed...

PURPOSE: To assess the difference in state and trait anxiety levels in patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) at the first episode (FE) versus recurrent episodes (RE), before and after vestibular physiotherapy. A secondary objective was to assess the difference in the prevalence of underlying health conditions between FE and RE BPPV patients. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with BPPV, aged 40-70, were recruited. The diagnosis of BPPV was confirmed based on subjective complaints of vertigo and positive results from the Dix-Hallpike and Supine Roll tests...

Most patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) test negative in newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Here, we present a case of RTH diagnosed through NBS. The patient presented to us after her NBS for CH revealed high TSH (23.4 µIU/mL) and free T4 (FT4) (5.40 ng/dL) levels. Apart from tachycardia, she exhibited no other manifestations related to excess or deficiency of thyroid hormones. A confirmatory test replicated the findings, showing elevated serum TSH levels (35.7 µIU/mL) along with high FT4 levels (5...

BACKGROUND: Early detection, monitoring, and managing adverse events (AEs) are crucial in optimising treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence, factors, management, and impact of AEs on treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients. METHODS: This study reviewed the medical records of 275 MDR-TB patients at Fatimah Jinnah Institute of Chest Diseases in Quetta, Pakistan. Patient information was collected using a designed data collection form...