Breastfeeding or lactation

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia is the commonest metabolic abnormality encountered in newborns. Besides, there is a growing body of evidence that links the causes of early neonatal mortality to neonatal hypoglycemia in Tanzania. However exact factors associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemia in preterm newborns are not known. OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemia among preterm newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional, analytical hospital- based study was carried out at Dar es salaam public regional referral hospitals...

Fetuses with growth restriction (FGR) have an early activation of hepatic glucose production (HGP), a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here we used fetal hepatic catheterization to directly measure HGP and substrate flux in an FGR sheep model. We hypothesized that FGR fetuses would have increased hepatic lactate and amino acid uptake to support increased HGP. Indeed, FGR compared to normal (CON) fetuses had increased HGP and activation of gluconeogenic genes. Unexpectedly, hepatic pyruvate output was increased while hepatic lactate and gluconeogenic amino acid uptake rates were decreased in FGR fetal liver...

Infection by dengue virus is common in tropical countries. Hepatic involvement in dengue can range from asymptomatic elevation of transaminases to life-threatening acute liver failure (ALF). Dengue-related ALF (DALF) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, especially in Southeast Asia. However, there is a scarcity of literature on DALF, necessitating a thorough examination of its clinical determinants and management strategies. All relevant studies related to DALF were reviewed until December 2023...

BACKGROUND: Alongside the recent worldwide expansion of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) infections, the available literature regarding cases of community acquired pneumonias (KP-CAP) remains scarce but reports a strikingly high and early mortality. We performed a retrospective multicenter study (7 ICU in France) between 2015 and 2019, comparing prognosis and severity of KP-CAP versus Streptococcus pneumoniae - CAP (SP-CAP). METHODS: For each KP-CAP, three SP-CAP admitted in ICUs within the same center and within the same 6-month window were selected...

Lactate can serve as both an energy substrate and a signaling molecule, exerting diverse effects on skeletal muscle physiology. Due to the apparently positive effects, it would be interesting to consider it as a sports supplement. However, the mechanism behind these effects are yet to be comprehensively understood. In this study, we observed that lactate administration could improve the ability of antifatigue, and we further found that lactate upregulated the expression of myosin heavy chain (MYHC I) and MYHC IIa, while downregulating the expression of MYHC IIb...

Objective: To explore the influence of religious beliefs and faith on breastfeeding initiation among mothers in Israel. Materials and Methods: The study, conducted from February 2022 to July 2023 at Bnai Zion Medical Center (located in Haifa district) and Laniado hospital (located in Netanya, Sharon plain), included mothers and their partners who voluntarily completed questionnaires. The survey, comprising 26 questions, delves into religion, faith, religiosity, and infant feeding approaches, while considering various socioeconomic and health-related factors...

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (DEX-HCl) and sufentanil citrate (SFC) are commonly used anesthetic drugs for esophageal cancer (EC) surgery. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of DEX-HCl and SFC treatment on glucose metabolism and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in EC. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), clonogenic, wound healing and Transwell migration assays were performed to assess the effects of the DEX-HCl and SFC on KYSE30 cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Changes in lactate and glucose levels in KYSE30 cells were also detected...

Cancer frequently develops resistance to the majority of chemotherapy treatments. This study aimed to examine the synergistic cytotoxic and antitumor effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, specifically Canagliflozin (CAN), Dapagliflozin (DAP), Empagliflozin (EMP), and Doxorubicin (DOX), using in vitro experimentation. The precise combination of CAN+DOX has been found to greatly enhance the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, it was shown that cancer cells exhibit an increased demand for glucose and ATP in order to support their growth...

Osteosarcoma is a very serious primary bone cancer with a high death rate and a dismal prognosis. Since there is no permanent therapy for this condition, it is necessary to develop a cure. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to assess the impacts and biological functions of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) in osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63). In this investigational study, MG63 cells were utilized. Microarray experiments, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescent staining, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels, proliferation assay, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) staining, and Western blot were performed...

INTRODUCTION: Feeding infants a sub-optimal diet deprives them of critical nutrients for their physical and cognitive development. The objective of this study is to describe the intake of foods of low nutritional value (junk foods) and identify the association with growth and developmental outcomes in infants up to 18 months in low-resource settings. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of data from an iron-rich complementary foods (meat versus fortified cereal) randomized clinical trial on nutrition conducted in low-resource settings in four low- and middle-income countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Pakistan, and Zambia)...

BACKGROUND: Causes of methanol poisoning may include accidental or suicidal use, as well as self home-distillation. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and outcomes of home-distillation methanol poisoning in two different time periods as an outbreak during the pandemic. The source of the methanol poisoning in all patients was home-brewing or distillation of methanol. METHODS: The study was a single-center, retrospective, and observational case-control study...

We investigated the role played by lactate and hydrogen in evoking the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) in decerebrated rats whose hindlimb muscles were either freely perfused or ischaemic. Production of lactate and hydrogen by the contracting hindlimb muscles was manipulated by knocking out the myophosphorylase gene (pygm). In knockout rats (pygm-/- ; n = 13) or wild-type rats (pygm+/+ ; n = 13), the EPR was evoked by isometrically contracting the triceps surae muscles. Blood pressure, tension, blood flow, renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood lactate concentrations were measured...

Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 (13 C) MRI represents an innovative approach for noninvasive, real-time assessment of dynamic metabolic flux, with potential integration into routine clinical MRI. The use of [1-13 C]pyruvate as a probe and its conversion to [1-13 C]lactate constitute an extensively explored metabolic pathway. This review comprehensively outlines the establishment of HP 13 C-MRI, covering multidisciplinary team collaboration, hardware prerequisites, probe preparation, hyperpolarization techniques, imaging acquisition, and data analysis...

This paper explores the legislative and operational commonalities and differences in Medical Products of Human Origin (MPHO) programs, including blood, hematopoietic cells, tissues and reproductive cells and human milk banking. The analysis includes ethical principles in donation and utilization, policies and legislation, public awareness and education, registries, guidelines in donor selection, safety and quality assurance, operational models and funding, infrastructure and human resources and biovigilance and evaluation of outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Hypothermia is a cause of neonatal calf death in cold climates. Practical and effective rewarming methods are important for bovine health within affected regions. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To compare the rewarming rate and blood analytes (glucose, lactate, and cortisol) of calves resuscitated with forced air with warm water bath, with or without oral administration of caffeine. ANIMALS: Twenty healthy neonatal Holstein bull calves...

Thyroid hormone (TH) system disrupting compounds can impair brain development by perturbing TH action during critical life stages. Human exposure to TH system disrupting chemicals is therefore of great concern. To better protect humans against such chemicals, sensitive test methods that can detect effects on the developing brain are critical. Worryingly, however, current test methods are not sensitive and specific towards TH-mediated effects. To address this shortcoming, we performed RNA-sequencing of rat brains developmentally exposed to two different thyroperoxidase (TPO) inhibiting compounds, the medical drug methimazole (MMI) or the pesticide amitrole...

INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) poses a life-threatening condition with the lungs being one of the most susceptible organs to its deleterious effects. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA binding protein (eCIRP) has emerged as a pivotal mediator of inflammation, and its release has been observed as a case of HS-induced tissue injury. Previous studies unveiled a promising engineered microRNA, designated PS-OMe miR130, which inhibits eCIRP, thereby safeguarding vital organs. In this study, we hypothesized that PS-OMe miR130 serves as a protective shield against HS-induced lung injury by curtailing the overzealous inflammatory immune response...

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the feeding characteristics and growth of children with prenatal exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) from birth to 48 months. DESIGN: Using data from the prospective Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort (MERG-PC), children without microcephaly born to mothers with evidence of ZIKV infection during pregnancy (ZIKV-exposed children without microcephaly) and children with Zika-related microcephaly were compared using repeated cross-sectional analyses within the following age strata: birth; 1 to 12; 13 to 24; 25 to 36; and 37 to 48 months...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic disturbances adversely impact productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle due to changes in endocrine status and immune function, which increase the risk of disease. This may occur in the post-partum phase, but also throughout lactation, with sub-clinical symptoms. Recently, increased attention has been directed towards improved health and resilience in dairy cattle, and genomic selection (GS) could be a helpful tool for selecting animals that are more resilient to metabolic disturbances throughout lactation...