Ductal carcinoma in situ

PURPOSE: To assess the role of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in predicting the malignancy of breast calcifications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated patients with suspicious calcifications (BIRADS 4) who underwent CEM and stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) at our institution. We assessed the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CEM in predicting malignancy of microcalcifications with a 95% confidence interval; we performed an overall analysis and a subgroup analysis stratified into group A-low risk (BIRADS 4a) and group B-medium/high risk (BIRADS 4b-4c)...

BACKGROUND: The applicability of ultra-hypofractionated (ultra-HF) whole-breast irradiation (WBI) remains unknown in Japanese women. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach among Japanese women and report the results of an interim analysis performed to assess acute adverse events (AEs) and determine whether it was safe to continue this study. METHODS: We enrolled Japanese women with invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ who had undergone breast-conserving surgery, were aged ≥ 40 years, had pathological stages of Tis-T3 N0-N1, and had negative surgical margins...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a dense fibrotic stroma that contributes to aggressive tumor biology and therapeutic resistance. Current in vitro PDAC models lack sufficient optical and physical access for fibrous network visualization, in situ mechanical stiffness measurement, and metabolomic profiling. Here, we describe an openable multilayer microfluidic PDAC-on-a-chip platform that consists of pancreatic tumor cells (PTCs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) embedded in a 3D collagen matrix that mimics the stroma...

BACKGROUND: For patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergoing breast conservation surgery (BCS), guidelines advise a margin width of at least 2 mm, with studies demonstrating decreased recurrence risk compared to narrower margins. However, limited data exist establishing if this margin is appropriate in mastectomies, and specifically for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). Consequently, we evaluated the margins of DCIS patients undergoing NSM and resulting oncologic outcomes...

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to assess the new trends in characteristics, molecular subtypes, and imaging findings of breast cancer in very young women. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the database of a primary breast cancer referral center in southern Iran in 342 cases of 30-year-old or younger women from 2001 to 2020. Pathologic data, including nuclear subtype and grade, tumor stage, presence of in situ cancer, imaging data including lesion type in mammogram and ultrasound, and treatment data were recorded...

BACKGROUND: Fibroadenoma (FA) is the most common tumor found in young women, although it can occur in any age group. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that is confined in a FA is rare; it is most frequently reported as an incidental finding. CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of DCIS within a FA in a 46-year-old female without cancer-related personal and family histories. The patient was diagnosed with a breast conglomerate of nodules and was followed for 1 year. In the current control image study, we found suspicious microcalcification, as a new finding, within one of the nodules...

The provision of breast cancer care tends to vary substantially from one breast unit to another. To provide state-of-the-art patient-centered care to women diagnosed with breast cancer, adoption and adherence to structured treatment algorithms, protocols, and international guidelines are essential. In this review, we endeavor to audit breast cancer care at our tertiary cancer center against published EUSOMA guidelines. This was a retrospective study with an observational design. All patients who completed recommended treatment for breast diseases at our institute from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were included and evaluated...

Early detection measures for breast cancer, such as breast self-exams, clinical breast exams, and mammography, have considerable benefits in effectively reducing breast cancer-related mortality. As the incidence of breast cancer is steadily increasing, it is crucial to raise awareness on early detection. This scoping review assessed the current knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions of breast cancer screening among female medical students. We used the six phases of Arksey and O'Malley's framework from the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) template...

Pathological calcifications, especially calcium phosphate microcalcifications (MCs), appear in most early breast cancer lesions, and their formation correlates with more aggressive tumors and a poorer prognosis. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a key MC component that crystallizes in the tumor microenvironment. It is often associated with malignant breast cancer lesions and can trigger tumorigenesis in vitro . Here, we investigate the impact of additives on HA crystallization and inhibition, and how precancerous breast cells respond to minerals that are deposited in the presence of these additives...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the quantitative abnormality scores provided by artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) for mammography interpretation can be used to predict invasive upgrade in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed on percutaneous biopsy. METHODS: Four hundred forty DCIS in 420 women (mean age, 52.8 years) diagnosed via percutaneous biopsy from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Mammographic characteristics were assessed based on imaging features (mammographically occult, mass/asymmetry/distortion, calcifications only, and combined mass/asymmetry/distortion with calcifications) and BI-RADS assessments...

Diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents about 25% of newly diagnosed breast cancers. There is debate about the benefit of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for further staging and guidance of therapy in patients with DCIS. Current guidelines recommend SLNB for patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for DCIS. Utilizing superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles as a tracer may allow for a delayed SLNB (d-SLNB), typically within a month of injection. We present our experience with a patient who due to complications from surgery could not complete her d-SLNB for 165 days...

BACKGROUND: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) can progress to invasive breast cancer, but most DCIS lesions never will. Therefore, four clinical trials (COMET, LORIS, LORETTA, AND LORD) test whether active surveillance for women with low-risk Ductal carcinoma In Situ is safe (E. S. Hwang et al., BMJ Open, 9: e026797, 2019, A. Francis et al., Eur J Cancer. 51: 2296-2303, 2015, Chizuko Kanbayashi et al. The international collaboration of active surveillance trials for low-risk DCIS (LORIS, LORD, COMET, LORETTA),  L...

OBJECTIVE: Staging workup and detection of distant metastases is important in newly diagnosed breast cancer in order to make treatment decisions and establish the prognosis. There is wide variation in current recommendations for staging investigations in breast cancer. Routine staging is performed for all patients in Bahrain because of lack of consistent guidelines. Optimization of the criteria for staging is important for identification of metastases, while minimizing harm and costs...

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents pre-invasive breast carcinoma. In untreated cases, 25-60% DCIS progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The challenge lies in distinguishing between non-progressive and progressive DCIS, often resulting in over- or under-treatment in many cases. With increasing screen-detected DCIS in these years, the nature of DCIS has aroused worldwide attention. A deeper understanding of the biological nature of DCIS and the molecular journey of the DCIS-IDC transition is crucial for more effective clinical management...

OBJECTIVE: Film mammography has replaced digital mammography in breast screening programs globally. This led to a small increase in the rate of detection, but whether the detection of clinically important cancers increased is uncertain. We aimed to assess the impact on tumour characteristics of screen-detected and interval breast cancers. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We searched seven databases from inception to 08 October 2023 for publications comparing film and digital mammography within the same population of asymptomatic women at population (average) risk of breast cancer...

BACKGROUND: A large well-annotated recent international cohort of Li-Fraumeni (LFS) patients with early-stage breast cancer (BC) was examined for shared features. METHODS: This multicentre cohort study included females with a germline TP53 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant and nonmetastatic BC diagnosed between 2002-2022. Clinical and genetic data were obtained from institutional registries and clinical charts. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize proportions and differences were assessed by Chi square or Wilcoxon rank sum tests...

INTRODUCTION: Atypical or B3 lesions comprise a heterogeneous group of uncertain malignant potential. B3 lesions diagnosed on core biopsy are usually recommended for diagnostic open biopsy. Identifying factors which could allow conservative management of B3 lesions would be helpful in avoiding unnecessary surgery. The aim of this study was to identify the upgrade rate to malignancy for B3 core biopsy lesions and to compare characteristics of lesions which were malignant and benign at excision...

Although heterogeneity of FAP+ Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAF) has been described in breast cancer, their plasticity and spatial distribution remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze trajectory inference, deconvolute spatial transcriptomics at single-cell level and perform functional assays to generate a high-resolution integrated map of breast cancer (BC), with a focus on inflammatory and myofibroblastic (iCAF/myCAF) FAP+ CAF clusters. We identify 10 spatially-organized FAP+ CAF-related cellular niches, called EcoCellTypes, which are differentially localized within tumors...

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) data have emerged as a pivotal approach to comprehending the function and interplay of cells within intricate tissues. Nonetheless, analyses of ST data are restricted by the low spatial resolution and limited number of ribonucleic acid transcripts that can be detected with several popular ST techniques. In this study, we propose that both of the above issues can be significantly improved by introducing a deep graph co-embedding framework. First, we establish a self-supervised, co-graph convolution network-based deep learning model termed SpatialcoGCN, which leverages single-cell data to deconvolve the cell mixtures in spatial data...

BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS-MI) is a special type of breast cancer. It is an invasive lesion less than 1.0 mm in size related to simple ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Lymph node metastasis (LNM) in DCIS-MI often indicates a poor prognosis. Therefore, the management of lymph nodes plays a vital role in the treatment strategy of DCIS-MI. Since DCIS-MI is often diagnosed by postoperative paraffin section and immunohistochemical detection, to obtain the best clinical benefits for such patients, we aim to establish and verify a nomogram to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis in DCIS-MI patients and help preoperative or intraoperative clinical decision-making...