Blood gases

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements from Polar ElixirTM pulse oximetry technology compared to arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) measurements during acute stepwise steady state inspired hypoxia at rest. A post hoc objective was to determine if SpO2 measurements could be improved by recalibrating the Polar ElixirTM algorithm with SaO2 values from a random subset of participants. METHODS: The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) protocol (ISO 80601-2-61:2017) for evaluating the SpO2 accuracy of pulse oximeter equipment was followed whereby five plateaus of SaO2 between 70-100% were achieved using stepwise reductions in inspired O2 during supine rest...

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are considered a potent source of prebiotics for humans. The global prebiotic market is expanding in size, was valued at USD 6.05 billion in 2021, and is expected to grow at a 14.9% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between 2022 and 2030, indicating a huge demand. These XOS are non-digestible pentose sugar oligomers comprising mainly xylose. Xylose is naturally present in the lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), fruits, and vegetables. Apart from the prebiotic effect, these XOS have been reported to reduce blood cholesterol, antioxidant effect, increase calcium absorption, reduction of colon cancer risk, and benefit diabetic patients...

Background: Nasal high flow (NHF) has various effects on the respiratory system in acute and chronic conditions. There are initial reports that NHF is also able to influence cardiac function in acute decompensation. This study was designed to clarify whether NHF has an influence on the right heart in stable patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension. Methods: Forty-one stable patients from different pulmonary hypertension (PH) WHO classes were recruited. Most patients were assigned to WHO classes 1 and 3...

The usage of the oral contraceptive pill is widespread among athletes of various levels. However, there is limited knowledge on how the intake of the pill alters the submaximal and maximal endurance parameters between the oral contraceptive phases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine potential differences between the pill intake and withdrawal phase on endurance-related parameters in first-division handball players. In total, 15 female team handball players performed two graded exercise tests until volitional exhaustion on a motorized treadmill...

Children who require home mechanical ventilation (HMV) with an artificial airway or invasive mechanical ventilation (HMV) have a possibility of successful weaning due to the potential of compensatory lung growth. Internationally accepted guidelines on how to wean from HMV in children is not available, we summarize the weaning strategies from the literature reviews combined with our 27-year experience in the Pediatric Home Respiratory Care program at the tertiary care center in Thailand. The readiness to wean is considered in patients with hemodynamic stability, having effective cough measured by maximal inspiratory pressure, requiring a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) < 40%, positive end expiratory pressure <5 cmH2 O, and acceptable arterial blood gases...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of aliphatic manufactured compounds comprising fluoro-chemicals with varied functional groups and stable carbon-fluorine bonds. They are defined as "forever chemicals" due to their persistent and bioaccumulative character. These substances have been detected in various environmental samples, including water, air, soil, and human blood, posing significant health hazards. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) is typically employed for the analysis of PFASs...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cardiovascular effects of oral tasipimidine on propofol-isoflurane anaesthesia with or without methadone and dexmedetomidine at equianaesthetic levels. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, placebo-controlled, blinded, experimental trial. ANIMALS: A group of seven adult Beagle dogs weighing (mean ± standard deviation) 12.4 ± 2.6 kg and a mean age of 20.6 ± 1 months. METHODS: The dogs underwent four treatments 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia with propofol...

BACKGROUND: Blood gas analysis is the most commonly ordered test in the intensive care unit. Each investigation, however, comes with risks and costs to the patient and healthcare system. Evidence suggests that many tests are performed with no appropriate clinical indication. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of our prospective interventional study was to investigate the proportion of blood gases undertaken with a valid clinical indication before and after an educational intervention...

The aim of this study was to describe renal chloride metabolism following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in pediatric patients. A prospective observational trial in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with 20 recruited patients younger than 2 years following CPB surgery was conducted. Urinary electrolytes, plasma urea, electrolytes, creatinine, and arterial blood gases were collected preoperatively, on admission to PICU and at standardized intervals thereafter. The urinary and plasma strong ion differences (SID) were calculated from these results at each time point...

BACKGROUND: Ratio of arterial pressure of oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio) together with the fractional dead space (Vd /Vt ) provides a global assessment of pulmonary gas exchange. The aim of this study was to assess the potential value of these variables to prognosticate 90-day survival in patients with COVID-19 associated ARDS admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for invasive ventilatory support. METHODS: In this single-center observational, retrospective study, P/F ratios and Vd /Vt were assessed up to 4 weeks after ICU-admission...

Intubation for mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most common high-risk procedures performed in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Early prediction of intubation may have a positive impact by providing timely alerts to clinicians and consequently avoiding high-risk late intubations. In this work, we propose a new machine learning method to predict the time to intubation during the first five days of ICU admission, based on the concept of cure survival models. Our approach combines classification and survival analysis, to effectively accommodate the fraction of patients not at risk of intubation, and provide a better estimate of time to intubation, for patients at risk...

N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) is postulated to improve fetal growth in nutrient-restricted gestations when supplemented from day 35 to 110 of gestation, but the effects of supplementation from 100 days of gestation to birth have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral NCG supplementation from 100 days of gestation (dga) to term in naturally nutrient-restricted grazing twin-bearing ewes, on the maternal body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), placental morphology, fetal body and organ weights and blood biochemistry and antioxidant status in the ewe and fetuses...

A 58-year-old man who was an active smoker was admitted twice to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary referral thoracic center for severe hypercapnic acute respiratory failure and persistent bilateral chest radiograph opacities that were unchanged over the course of the two ICU admissions within a 3-month period (Fig 1). He had obesity (body mass index, 36 kg/m2 ), stage 3 vascular chronic renal insufficiency, and hebephrenic schizophrenia treated with haloperidol, carbamazepine, and cyamemazine. He reported chronic dyspnea on exertion, which worsened for 6 months...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Venous blood gases (VBGs) are not consistently considered suitable surrogates for arterial blood gases (ABGs) in assessing acute respiratory failure due to variable measurement error. The physiological stability of patients with chronic ventilatory failure may lead to improved agreement in this setting. METHODS: Adults requiring ABGs for sleep or ventilation titration studies had VBGs drawn before or after each ABG, in a randomized order. Veno-arterial correlation and agreement were examined for carbon dioxide tension (PCO2 ), pH, oxygen tension (PO2 ) and oxygen saturation (SO2 )...

INTRODUCTION: A radical paradigm shift in the treatment of premature infants failing conventional treatment is to recreate fetal physiology using an extracorporeal Artificial Placenta (AP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of changing fetal hemoglobin percent (HbF%) on physiology and circuit function during AP support in an ovine model. METHODS: Extremely premature lambs ( n = 5) were delivered by cesarean section at 117-121 d estimated gestational age (EGA) (term = 145d), weighing 2...

The coronary sinus reducer (CSR) is an emerging medical device for treating patients with refractory angina, often associated with myocardial ischemia. Patients implanted with CSR have shown positive outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study sought to understand the mechanisms of CSR by investigating its effects on coronary microcirculation hemodynamics that may help explain the therapy's efficacy. We applied a validated computer model of the coronary microcirculation to investigate how CSR affects hemodynamics under different degrees of coronary artery stenosis...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Respiratory complications in liver cirrhosis can occur due to various mechanisms, such as ascites causing restricted lung expansion and opening of intrapulmonary vascular shunts due to high portal pressures. We aimed to study the effects of the liver dysfunction on the lungs by evaluating arterial blood gas (ABG) and pulmonary function test (PFT) of all study subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done between August 2020 and September 2022...

BACKGROUND: Bronchopneumonia (BP) in calves potentially causes systemic changes. OBJECTIVES: To describe metabolic, arterial blood gas, and acid-base disorders in calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasound (TUS), Wisconsin score (WISC), and combinations of WISC and TUS. ANIMALS: Two hundred thirty-one dairy preweaned dairy calves from 13 dairy farms. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Each calf sequentially underwent arterial blood gas evaluation, WISC score, venous sampling, and TUS...

BACKGROUND: Mechanical power (MP) is the energy delivered by the ventilator to the respiratory system and combines factors related to the development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) is a new ventilation mode using a constant low flow during both inspiration and expiration, which is hypothesized to lower the MP and to improve ventilation homogeneity. Data demonstrating these effects are scarce, since previous studies comparing FCV with conventional controlled ventilation modes in ICU patients suffer from important methodological concerns...