Uveitis anterior

Background: Noonan syndrome (NS) represents a fairly common genetic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Its features include inherited heart defects, characteristic facial features, short stature, and mild retardation of motor skills. Case presentation: A 16-year-old Caucasian girl with NS reported visual deterioration, photophobia, and pain in the right eye (RE). The initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.3 in the RE. An examination demonstrated conjunctival and ciliary body hyperemia, keratic precipitates, and flare in the anterior chamber...

Uveitis is a complex ocular inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology that can result in blindness. Although corticosteroid eye drops are the primary treatment for anterior uveitis, their efficacy is limited by low bioavailability, adverse effects, and a narrow focus on inflammation. In this study, the multifunctional hydrogel eye drops (designated as DCFH) were developed by incorporating the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone (DSP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger cerium-based metal-organic frameworks (Ce-MOFs) into thermosensitive triblock copolymer F127 for the synergistic treatment against uveitis...

Objective (Aim): To observe the ocular structural changes in active and inactive uveitis patients. Methods: This retrospective study involved 30 patients (32 eyes) with anterior and intermediate uveitis cases and 54 eyes of 54 cases in a control group, who were admitted to the Ophthalmology Department at Trakya University. In the study group, 14 patients were females, 16 patients were males and in the control group 26 volunteers were females, and 28 volunteers were male of the 54 volunteers. Anterior chamber depth, axial length, intraocular pressure, lens thickness, central corneal thickness, steep and flat values in keratometry, corrected visual acuity in both eyes, anterior chamber cells, and vitreous cells were measured and compared between three groups (two uveitis groups - active and inactive - and control group)...

Autoimmunity is intrinsically driven by memory T and B cell clones inappropriately targeted at self-antigens. Selective depletion or suppression of self-reactive T cells remains a holy grail of autoimmune therapy, but disease-associated T cell receptors (TCRs) and cognate antigenic epitopes remained elusive. A TRBV9-containing CD8+ TCR motif was recently associated with the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and acute anterior uveitis, and cognate HLA-B*27-presented epitopes were identified...

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD), which was initially identified as a type of autoimmune pancreatitis around the year 2000, is now widely acknowledged to be a systemic sickness. Based on both general and organ-specific criteria, alongside laboratory measurements of IgG4-subtype, the diagnosis is made. The diagnosis requires, however, a heightened index of suspicion, especially given the nonspecific clinical presentation. In addition to this, the symptoms may be "disseminated" in time and the multitude of organ-system involvement may seem initially unrelated...

BACKGROUND: Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is an uveits characterized by complications of idiopathic acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, and most cases present only anterior uveitis. We report a case of TINU syndrome in which the presence of choroiditis was revealed by multimodal imaging. CASE PRESENTATION: A 12-year-old male visited our hospital with a 6-day history of ocular pain and hyperemia. Conjunctival and ciliary injections, 1 + flare and 3 + cells of anterior chamber inflammation with mutton fat keratic precipitates were observed in both eyes (OU), together with redness and swelling of the optic disc OU...

Anterior uveitis is the most common type of uveitis worldwide. The etiologies of anterior uveitis can be divided into infectious and non-infectious (idiopathic, autoimmune, autoinflammatory, trauma, and others). The viral pathogens most commonly associated with infectious anterior uveitis include Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Rubella Virus. Other emerging causes of viral anterior uveitis are West Nile Virus, Human-Immunodeficiency Virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Parechovirus, Dengue Virus, Chikungunya Virus, and Human Herpesvirus type 6,7, and 8...

PURPOSE: To report the clinical and fluorescein angiographic (FA) features of demyelinating plaque-associated uveitis (DPU), a subset of uveitis in which patients have demyelinating plaques on the brain/cervical magnetic resonance image (MRI) but do not meet the criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, Persian Patients were diagnosed with DPU and included if (1) they never satisfied the MS criteria, (2) all other possible etiologies were excluded, and (3) they were followed for at least 2 years...

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatosis of unknown etiology, defined by the presence of epithelioid and gigantocellular granulomas, without caseous necrosis. Ocular sarcoidosis manifests mainly as bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis. Occlusion of the central retinal vein in sarcoidosis is a rare manifestation, which is the particularity of our observation. We report the case of a patient presenting with unilateral central retinal vein occlusion associated with granulomatous anterior uveitis on the same side...

Ocular tuberculosis is a great mimicker of various uveitis entities. We present a case of a 29-year-old male who came in with blurring of vision and floaters in the left eye. On examination, the left eye had anterior chamber cells and vitritis associated with retinitis. He had no other symptoms. The initial presentation was consistent with ocular toxoplasmosis, and he was started on oral sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and showed a good response to the treatment. However, work-up revealed negative toxoplasma antibody titers but a positive M...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the outcome of infliximab treatment in patients with non-infectious paediatric uveitis who have previously failed biologic treatment. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed at Bristol Eye Hospital, UK. Paediatric patients with chronic non-infectious uveitis who had been switched to infliximab due to inadequate uveitis control were identified. Two separate groups were evaluated: group 1 consisted of 20 children (36 eyes) who had been switched to infliximab following treatment failure with adalimumab (=in-class switching), while group 2 (5 patients; 9 eyes) included those who had been switched to infliximab from a non-TNF antagonist after failing several biologics (=across-class switching)...

OBJECTIVE: To develop evidence-based expert-consensus recommendations for the management of non-infectious, non-neoplastic, non-demyelinating disease associated uveitis. METHODS: Clinical research questions relevant to the objective of the document were identified, and reformulated into PICO format (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome) by a panel of experts selected based on their experience in the field. A systematic review of the available evidence was conducted, and evidence was graded according to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) criteria...

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (clinical, IVCM in vivo confocal microscopy, and anterior optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings) in a non-immunosuppressed patient with mpox infection. METHODS: A 24-year-old male was consulted for bilateral ocular pain, red eye, itchiness, and mucoid discharge. In his left eye, multiple vesicles and papules, some with central ulceration, were found in the superior and inferior eyelids. Mucoid discharge, chemosis, limbitis, and an anterior chamber reaction were also found...

To study the clinical profile, risk factors and complications of paediatric Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). Case records of clinically diagnosed paediatric HZO over the past five years period were collected. An analysis was done with the existing data to determine the patient's clinical presentation, risk factors and treatment outcomes. Among seven children (three males and four females), two were less than ten years. Risk factors like previous history of chickenpox were present in one patient and immunosuppression in another...

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the gut microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis, but the specific pathogenic microbes and metabolites in different types of uveitis are still unclear. METHODS: Microbiome and metabolites were detected using 16S ribosomal DNA and LC‒MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) in 45 individuals, including 16 patients with Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH), 11 patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and 18 healthy controls...

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PURPOSE: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of uveitis in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), their treatments, and evolution. METHODS: A national retrospective cohort study was performed. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients with GCA fulfilling the 2022 ACR/EULAR criteria and a diagnostic of uveitis attested by an ophthalmologist. RESULTS: Seven women were included. The median age at diagnosis of uveitis was 71 years (64-84)...

BACKGROUND: Uveitis is an inflammatory eye condition that threatens vision, and effective anti-inflammatory treatments with minimal side effects are necessary to treat uveitis. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. against endotoxin-induced uveitis in rat and mouse models. METHODS: Endotoxin-induced uveitis models of rats and mice were used to evaluate the effects of l. erythrorhizon treatment...

PURPOSE: To report a case series of herpetic uveitis following COVID-19 vaccinations. METHODS: Demographic, clinical and treatment-related data of herpetic anterior uveitis cases was collected at five tertiary eye hospitals between January 2021 and June 2022. A retrospective database review at one of the centers comparing the number of cases of herpetic eye disease before and after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination was performed as well. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (9 female, 15 male) with a mean age of 54 years (range 28-83 years) were diagnosed with herpetic uveitis, reporting an onset of symptoms 3-42 days after the first, second or third dose of COVID-19 vaccination...

Assessing anterior chamber (AC) inflammation is highly subjective and challenging. Although various grading systems attempt to offer objectivity and standardization, the clinical assessment has high interobserver variability. Traditional techniques, such as laser flare meter and fluorophotometry, are not widely used since they are time-consuming. With the development of optical coherence tomography with high sensitivity, direct imaging offers an excellent alternative to objectively assess inflammation with the potential for automated analysis...