Gamma interferon

To investigate the association between 146S antigen contents in FMD inactivated vaccines and levels of antiviral immunity, this study vaccinated 30 kg pigs with three batches of FMD types O and A bivalent inactivated vaccines. Antibody titers and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion levels were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after primary immunization and on days 14 and 28 following booster immunization to assess associations between 146S contents and both antibody titers and IFN-γ secretion levels...

Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial components of innate immunity, known for their potent tumor surveillance abilities. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown promise in cancer targeting, but optimizing CAR designs for NK cell functionality remains challenging. CAR-NK cells have gained attention for their potential to reduce side effects and enable scalable production in cancer immunotherapy. This study aimed to enhance NK cell anti-tumor activity by incorporating PD1-synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors...

BACKGROUND: The loss of two or more pregnancies is considered recurrent miscarriage (RM). One of the causes of this pathology is the occurrence of mutations both in pleiotropic and pathway-specific regulators and in structural genes. The simplest type of such mutations is single nucleotide polymorphisms. AIMS: The aim of the study is to study the relationship between gene polymorphisms of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines - interferon-gamma (T874A), interleukin (IL1B) (C3954T), IL6 (G572C) and IL10 (G1082A); placental function, apoptosis and angiogenesis - apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) (G5163C), kinase insert domain receptor (A1719T, G1192A), P53 (Arg72Pro) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (C1697G) with the development of idiopathic RM (iRM) in the Kazakh population...

Interferons (IFNs) and IFN-related pathways play key roles in the defence against microbial infection. However, these processes may also be activated during the pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases, where they may contribute to organ injury, or function in a compensatory manner. In this review, we explore the roles of IFNs and IFN-related pathways in heart disease. We consider the cardiac effects of type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs); the emerging role of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway; the seemingly paradoxical effects of the type II IFN, IFN-γ; and the varied actions of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors...

OBJECTIVE: Embryonic interferon-tau (IFNT) and progesterone affect expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), progesterone receptor (PGR) and progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) in the ovine thyroid. METHODS: Thyroids of ewes were sampled at day 16 of nonpregnancy, days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy, and RT-qPCR assay, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect expression of ISGs, PGR and PIBF. RESULTS: Free ISG15 protein was undetected, but ISG15 conjugated proteins upregulated at day 16 of pregnancy, and expression levels of ISG15 conjugated proteins, PGR isoform (70 kDa), PIBF, interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 and myxovirusresistance protein 1 peaked, but expression level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 was the lowest at day 16 of pregnancy...

INTRODUCTION: Emapalumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets free and receptor-bound interferon-gamma (IFNγ), neutralizing its biological activity. IFNγ levels differ by orders of magnitude between patients with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS; a form of secondary HLH) in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Therefore, this study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for emapalumab across a patient population with a wide range of total (free and emapalumab-bound) IFNγ levels using observations from patients with primary HLH or MAS in sJIA in clinical trials...

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by its extremely aggressive nature and ranks 14th in the number of new cancer cases worldwide. However, due to its complexity, it ranks 7th in the list of the most lethal cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of PC involves several complex processes, including familial genetic factors associated with risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, and smoking. Mutations in genes such as KRAS, TP53 , and SMAD4 are linked to the appearance of malignant cells that generate pancreatic lesions and, consequently, cancer...

The immune mechanism underlying hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, particularly type I inflammatory response, during pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN) therapy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate such immune mechanisms. Overall, 82 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including 41 with HBsAg loss (cured group) and 41 uncured patients, received nucleos(t)ide analogue and PEG-IFN treatments. Blood samples from all patients, liver tissues from 14 patients with CHB, and hepatic perfusate from 8 liver donors were collected for immune analysis...

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) has emerged as a promising therapy to treat end-stage heart failure. However, immunogenicity of hiPS-CMs in transplanted patients has not been fully elucidated. Thus, in vivo models are required to estimate immune responses against hiPS-CMs in transplant recipients. METHODS: We transferred human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) into NOD/Shi-scid IL2rgnull (NOG) MHC class I/II double knockout (NOG-ΔMHC) mice, which were reported to accept hPBMCs without xenogeneic-graft-versus-host disease (xeno-GVHD)...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a serious disease in piglets that leads to high mortality. An effective measure that provides higher IgA levels in the intestine and milk is required to decrease losses. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was dissolved in calcium alginate (Alg) and combined with chitosan (CS) via electrostatic interactions between cationic chitosan and anionic alginate to create a porous gel (Alg-CS+PEDV). The gel was used to immunize mice orally or in combination with subcutaneous injections of inactivated PEDV vaccine...

Recombinant Factor VIII-Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) is an enhanced half-life therapeutic protein product used for the management of hemophilia A. Recent studies have demonstrated that rFVIIIFc interacts with Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) resulting in the activation or inhibition of various FcγR-expressing immune cells. We previously demonstrated that rFVIIIFc, unlike recombinant Factor IX-Fc (rFIXFc), activates natural killer (NK) cells via Fc-mediated interactions with FcγRIIIA (CD16). Additionally, we showed that rFVIIIFc activated CD16+ NK cells to lyse a FVIII-specific B cell clone...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of miltefosine on Toxoplasma gondii RH strain by various techniques. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2020. Four groups of five BALB/c mice were selected. The cytotoxicity test was conducted by adding miltefosine to T. gondii tachyzoites; control tachyzoites received PBS and MTT assay was done on each suspension...

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BACKGROUND: Despite therapy advances, one of the leading causes of cancer deaths still remains lung cancer. To improve current treatments or prevent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the role of the nutrition in cancer onset and progression needs to be understood in more detail. While in colorectal cancer, the influence of local microbiota derived SCFAs have been well investigated, the influence of SCFA on lung cancer cells via peripheral blood immune system should be investigated more deeply...

Abortion caused by the parasite Neospora caninum is an important threat to the livestock industry worldwide. Trophoblasts and caruncular cells play major roles in initiating innate immune responses and controlling parasite infection at the fetal-maternal interface. In the present study, bovine uterine epithelial cells (BUECs) and bovine trophoblastic (BT) cells treated with bovine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IFN-alpha (IFN-α) and IFN-tau (IFN-τ) followed by infection with N. caninum were examined by measuring the mRNA expression levels of numerous pregnancy-associated proteins and observing parasite growth to elucidate the host-parasite interaction at the uteroplacental region...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine associations between markers of inflammation and endogenous anticoagulant activity with delirium and coma during critical illness. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled adults with respiratory failure and/or shock treated in medical or surgical intensive care units (ICUs) at 5 centers. Twice per day in the ICU, and daily thereafter, we assessed mental status using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and the Confusion Assessment Method-Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU)...

BACKGROUND: Zearalenone (ZEA), a natural food contaminant, is reported to act as a mycoestrogen due to its estrogen-mimicking properties. According to studies, ZEA has a greater potential for estrogenic activity compared to any other naturally occurring non-steroidal estrogen. ZEA has been found in the endometrium of individuals with reproductive problems and the serum of children facing early puberty. These studies suggested a possible link between ZEA exposure and endometrial toxicity; nonetheless, no thorough research has been done...

Tuberculosis remains a large health threat, despite the availability of the tuberculosis vaccine, BCG. As BCG efficacy gradually decreases from adolescence, BCG-Prime and antigen-booster may be an efficient strategy to confer vaccine efficacy. Mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 (MDP1, namely Rv2986c, hupB or HU) is a major Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein that induces vaccine-efficacy by co-administration with CpG DNA. To produce MDP1 for booster-vaccine use, we have created recombinant MDP1 produced in both Escherichia coli (eMDP1) and Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (mMDP1), an avirulent rapid-growing mycobacteria...

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, regulate neuroinflammation which can lead to secondary neuronal damage and cognitive impairment under pathological conditions. Two of the many molecules that can elicit an inflammatory response from microglia are lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacteria, and interferon gamma (IFNγ), an endogenous pro-inflammatory cytokine. We thoroughly examined the concentration-dependent relationship between LPS from multiple bacterial species and IFNγ in cultured microglia and macrophages...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can lead to infectious mononucleosis (EBV-IM) and, more rarely, EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), which is characterized by a life-threatening hyperinflammatory cytokine storm with immune dysregulation. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) has been identified as a critical mediator for primary HLH; however, the detailed role of IFNγ and other cytokines in EBV-HLH is not fully understood. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the immune landscape of EBV-HLH and compared it with EBV-IM...