Musculo

UNLABELLED: The primary motor cortex does not uniquely or directly produce α -MN drive to muscles during voluntary movement. Rather, α -MN drive emerges from the synthesis and competition among excitatory and inhibitory inputs from multiple descending tracts, spinal interneurons, sensory inputs, and proprioceptive afferents. One such fundamental input are velocity-dependent stretch reflexes in lengthening (antagonist) muscles, which the shortening (agonist) muscles are thought to inhibit to allow voluntary movement...

BACKGROUND: Non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism, an uncommon entity, is defined as the embolization of tissues, microorganisms, air, or foreign material. One subset in this non-thrombotic category is septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) that refers to embolism of microorganisms with or without a thrombotic mantle into the pulmonary vasculature. This condition is often recognized on the basis of imaging with a clinical correlation. Unfortunately, data regarding the pathological features are meager...

INTRODUCTION: Total hip aarthroplasty (THA) is not performed worldwide as an emergency surgical procedure and has often been postponed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The hypothesis of this study was that COVID-19 caused the extra burden and mortality of THA patients. This study aimed to investigate the problems caused by comorbid COVID-19 in addition to the current clinical status in patients who had undergone THA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control group study was conducted with the participation of patients with COVID-19 and without COVID-19 who had undergone THA and were hospitalized in an orthopedic clinic and intensive care unit at a research and training hospital...

BACKGROUND: Subjective well-being (SWB) has been described as a new vital sign that predicts the overall health and future health status of individuals. Despite the process of natural ageing, older persons in addition suffer morbid, comorbid and multimorbid medical conditions that affect their SWB. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the morbidity, comorbidity and multimorbidity as predictors of SWB among older persons in a rural environment of Nigeria. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out on 214 older persons from January to December 2022 in Nigeria...

Rational prescribing is essential for the quality of health care. However, many final-year medical students and junior doctors lack prescribing competence to perform this task. The availability of a list of medicines that a junior doctor working in Europe should be able to independently prescribe safely and effectively without supervision could support and harmonize teaching and training in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) in Europe. Therefore, our aim was to achieve consensus on such a list of medicines that are widely accessible in Europe...

Abdominal wall reconstruction techniques have evolved significantly over the last fifty years and continue to do so at an increasing pace. Beginning with open incisional hernia repair with bilateral rectus myofascial release, multiple techniques to offset tension at the midline by exploring options of layered myofascial release have been described. This article reviews the history, technique, advancements, and future of myofascial release in abdominal wall reconstruction leading from the open Rives-Stoppa repair to the robotic-assisted iteration of the transversus abdominis release...

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PURPOSE: To assess ciliary muscle (CM) and anterior scleral thickness (AST) dimensions in vivo in high myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to compare with emmetropic and hyperopic subjects. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 34 high myopic patients (≥ -6 diopters [D]), 90 emmetropes (-1 to +1 D) and 38 hyperopic patients (≥ +3.5 D). CM thickness (CMT) and AST were measured in the temporal and nasal quadrants at 1, 2, and 3 mm from the scleral spur using SS-OCT...

BACKGROUND: Prolotherapy may be a good option in the complementary treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients, specifically for the increase of functionality. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of prolotherapy in OA grade II - III in the functionality and muscular work of knee flexors and extensors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. It included patients diagnosed with OA grades II-III...

Introduction Our aim was to describe whether Latarjet's technique affects subscapularis muscle innervation. Materials and methods We studied 12 embalmed shoulders. Subscapularis muscle innervation pattern was registered. Dimensions of the subscapularis at the glenohumeral joint line and the nerves entry point were measured. Horizontal distances from the nerves to the glenohumeral joint line as well as vertical ones to the split were measured before and after Latarjet procedure. A safe zone for the split was designed to avoid damage to subscapularis innervation...

BACKGROUND: Restoration of form and function of the oral cavity post resection for oral cavity malignancies is an enormous challenge in head and neck reconstructive surgery. The facial artery musculo-mucosal (FAMM) flap is an unexplored, underutilized yet an extremely versatile option for such defects. In this analysis we review the performance of the FAMM flap used to reconstruct tongue/floor of mouth (FOM) defects following tumor resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, demographic and disease profiles of 15 patients with Tongue and Floor of Mouth carcinomas reconstructed with a FAMM flap between January 2019 to January 2021 were studied...

The primary objective of mastoid obliteration is the eradication of the disease and prevention of its recurrence. We intend to evaluate the impact of mastoid obliteration using autologous materials on the achievement of a dry mastoid bowl and frequency of maintenance care and hearing outcome of the operated ear. This was a hospital-based, non - randomized, prospective study. The study was performed over a period of 2 years. The study was performed in the Department of ENT of a tertiary care teaching hospital...

OBJECTIVES: It is known that COVID-19 has multisystemic effects. However, its early effects on muscle tissue have not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate early changes in the pectoral muscle in patients with COVID-19 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pectoral muscle areas (PMA) and pectoral muscle index (PMI) of 139 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were measured from chest CTs taken at the time of the first diagnosis and within 6 months after the diagnosis...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causal effect of sense of coherence on long-term work participation after rehabilitation, including stratification by age and diagnoses. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged ≤ 60 years, employed and accepted for somatic interprofessional rehabilitation in 2015 (n = 192). METHODS: Patients reported sense of coherence before rehabilitation in 2015 and mental and physical functioning in 2016...

Introduction Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders are one of the common health issues affecting people of various ages. The main risk factors for musculoskeletal pain are age, obesity, gender, level of education, psychosocial factors, occupational factors, decreased mobility and flexibility, and common factors such as consuming TV and video games. College students, especially medical students, are at a higher risk of these complaints as they have longer hours of studying than most faculties due to the competitiveness of their specialty...

Smooth muscle tumors that cannot be histologically classified as leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas are defined as smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential. The location of these tumors in the nose is very rare, and the appropriate surgical extent to manage these neoplasms has not been adequately defined. Here we describe the case of a 16-year-old female adolescent who consulted due to a vascular-like tumor in the right nasal cavity who was successfully treated with intranasal surgery. The histological diagnosis was smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential...

BACKGROUND: Cervical spondylopathy is a common musculo-articular disorder, multiple exercises are recommended. Chinese fitness exercises are prevalent and used to treat various diseases. AIM: To explore the efficacy of Chinese fitness exercise Yi Jin Jing exercise in intervening the cervical spondylopathy in adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 60 adolescent patients with cervical spondylopathy, with 30 patients in each group...

Cancer formation is defined as the unrestrained proliferation of cells due to various factors acting as a causing agent. A limited number of over-expressed transcription factors are contributed to the development of numerous types of cancer. The metastatic regulator protein BTB And CNC Homology 1 (BACH1) is Cap 'N' Collar (CNC) and it belongs to a basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family. The presence of the least level concentration of intracellular heme BACH1 forms heterodimers with musculo aponeurotic fibrosarcoma (sMAF) proteins and inhibits or induces the target gene expression...

INTRODUCTION: The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is a well described facial functional unit in humans. SMAS connects mimic musculature to the skin having many implication in facial mimic expression. One of the various morphological and physiological analogies in human and Macaca mulatta species is the facial mimic. The present study analyzed Macaca mulatta species SMAS morphology and its facial topographical differences and compared this with human SMAS tissue morphology...

INTRODUCTION: Although pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common neoplasm of both minor and major salivary glands, its presence in the buccal surface of upper lip is rare. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 70-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of recent rapid growth of a mass in the buccal aspect of the upper lip. A well-circumscribed mass measuring 3 × 2 cm with intact overlying mucosa without regional lymphadenopathy was evident. Core needle biopsy report was suggestive of PA...