Mannan

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing among young adults in the United States with pervasive racial and ethnic differences in this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate contemporary associations between race and ethnicity, clinical comorbidities, and outcomes among young to middle-aged adults with HF. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All participants with a self-report of HF aged 20-64 years from 2005 to 2018 were included and stratified by race and ethnicity [non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, NH Blacks, and Hispanics]...

INTRODUCTION: IgE-mediated peanut allergy is an important public health problem of increasing prevalence leading to anaphylactic reactions both in children and adults. Allergen-specific oral immunotherapy (OIT) is the single treatment with the potential capacity to modify the course of the disease, but it still faces some drawbacks in terms of efficacy, safety, patients' adherence, and cost. Alternative strategies, including the use of novel adjuvants, to overcome such limitations are highly demanded...

Antibiotic treatment often causes collateral damage to the gut microbiota, including changes in its diversity and composition. Dietary fiber helps maintain intestinal health, regulate short-chain fatty acids, and promote the recovery of the intestinal microbiome. However, it is currently unknown which specific plant-based dietary fiber is optimal as a dietary supplement for restoring the intestinal microbiota after antibiotic disturbance. Previously, we proposed predictive recovery-associated bacterial species (p-RABs) and identified the most important interventions...

Two lipoglycans, lipomannan (LM) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM), play various, albeit incompletely defined, roles in the interactions of mycobacteria with the host. Growing evidence points to the modification of LM and LAM with discrete covalent substituents as a strategy used by these bacteria to modulate their biological activities. One such substituent, originally identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ), is a 5-methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) sugar, which accounts for the antioxidative properties of LAM...

Background  Ulnar-sided wrist pain is a common problem encountered by hand surgeons. Symptomatic recurrent subluxation of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon has become increasingly recognized as one of the pathological conditions leading to ulnar-sided wrist pain. Surgical reconstruction of the subsheath is usually needed. ECU tendon subsheath reconstruction with the periosteal flap was first described by Schlesinger in 1907. Since then, various other techniques have been widely used. We describe a technique of ECU subsheath reconstruction using the dorsal capsule of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ)...

Fiber-like cells with thickened cell walls of specific structure and polymer composition that includes (1 → 4)-β-galactans develop in the outer stem cortex of several moss species gametophytes. The early land plants evolved several specialized cell types and tissues that did not exist in their aquatic ancestors. Of these, water-conducting elements and reproductive organs have received most of the research attention. The evolution of tissues specialized to fulfill a mechanical function is by far less studied despite their wide distribution in land plants...

The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a causative agent of white spot disease (WSD) in crustaceans, especially in cultivated black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ), leading to significant economic losses in the aquaculture sector. The present study describes four whole genome sequences of WSSV obtained from coastal regions of Bangladesh.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Advanced heart failure therapies and heart transplantation (HT) have been underutilized in women. Therefore, we aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and outcomes of HT by sex. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult discharges from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2012 and 2019. International Classification of Disease (ICD) procedure codes were used to identify those who underwent HT. RESULTS: A total of 20,180 HT hospitalizations were identified from 2012-2019...

Microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and regulate body metabolism by maintaining intestinal health. The state of gastrointestinal health is influenced not only by the macro-level factors of optimal development and the physiological structure integrity but also by the delicate equilibrium between the intestinal flora and immune status at the micro-level. Abrupt weaning in young ruminants causes incomplete development of the intestinal tract resulting in an unstable and unformed microbiota...

Background: Various studies have examined occlusive dressings in fingertip amputations and reported good outcomes. Occlusive dressing preserves appropriate pH, cell accumulation and moisture for healing, thereby limiting scar formation and deformity. To our knowledge, no study was performed in tropical Asia. This study aims to demonstrate the viability of healing fingertip amputations through secondary intention using an effective dressing technique, even in warm tropical climates. Methods: All patients who presented to our institution with fingertip amputations from 1 July 2020 to 31 July 2022 were analysed retrospectively...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Leprosy leads to nerve damage and slow-healing ulcers, which are treatable with routine therapy. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the use of honey for the treatment of different kinds of wounds. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study, Honey Experiment on Leprosy Ulcer (HELP), is to evaluate the healing properties of raw, unadulterated African honey in comparison with normal saline dressing for the treatment leprosy ulcers. METHODS: This is a multicenter, comparative, prospective, single-blinded, parallel-group, and 1:1 individually randomized controlled trial to be conducted at The Leprosy Referral Hospital, Chanchaga in Minna, Niger State, North Central Nigeria, and St...

Stress in poultry production is energy-demanding. Nucleotides and yeast cell-wall products are essential nutrients for broiler performance, gut function, and immune response. Antibiotics, like florfenicol, negatively affect the immune system. A total of 600 one-d-old broiler chickens (Cobb-500) were weighed and randomly allotted into four groups with three replicates each. The control group (G1) received the basal diet, G2 received a diet supplemented with a combination of nucleotides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae derivatives (250 g/Ton), G3 received the basal diet and medicated with florfenicol (25 mg/Kg body weight) in drinking water for 5 days, while G4 received a combination of nucleotides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae -derivatives (250 g/Ton) and medicated with florfenicol in drinking water...

PURPOSE: Studies have shown an increased risk of epilepsy in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). However, most reports focus on the pediatric population. In this study, we describe the trajectory of patients with NF1 and epilepsy beyond childhood. METHODS: Patients with NF1 ≥18 years-old consecutively seen at a multidisciplinary neurofibromatosis clinic during a four-year period were prospectively enrolled and offered routine EEG, MRI, and genetic testing...

Type I hypersensitivity, or so-called type I allergy, is caused by Th2-mediated immune responses directed against otherwise harmless environmental antigens. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment with the potential to re-establish clinical tolerance towards the corresponding allergen(s). However, conventional AIT has certain drawbacks, including long treatment durations, the risk of inducing allergic side effects, and the fact that allergens by themselves have a rather low immunogenicity...

The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-responsive transcription factor that binds at enhancers to drive terminal differentiation of the prostatic luminal epithelia. By contrast, in tumors originating from these cells, AR chromatin occupancy is extensively reprogrammed to drive hyper-proliferative, metastatic, or therapy-resistant phenotypes, the molecular mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the tumor-specific enhancer circuitry of AR is critically reliant on the activity of Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain Protein 2 (NSD2), a histone 3 lysine 36 di-methyltransferase...

UNLABELLED: Mammalian switch/sucrose non-fermentable (mSWI/SNF) ATPase degraders have been shown to be effective in enhancer-driven cancers by functioning to impede oncogenic transcription factor chromatin accessibility. Here, we developed AU-24118, a first-in-class, orally bioavailable proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader of mSWI/SNF ATPases (SMARCA2 and SMARCA4) and PBRM1. AU-24118 demonstrated tumor regression in a model of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) which was further enhanced with combination enzalutamide treatment, a standard of care androgen receptor (AR) antagonist used in CRPC patients...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, de Montmorency, College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from 1st April 2019 to 31st April 2020. METHODOLOGY: OSF patients were diagnosed with different clinical staging of mouth opening by Vernier caliper with the help of a professional dentist in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, de Montmorency, College of Dentistry, Lahore...

β-mannanases are pivotal enzymes that cleave the mannan backbone to release short chain mannooligosaccharides, which have tremendous biotechnological applications including food/feed, prebiotics and biofuel production. Due to the high temperature conditions in many industrial applications, thermophilic mannanases seem to have great potential to overcome the thermal impediments. Thus, structural analysis of thermostable β-mannanases is extremely important, as it could open up new avenues for genetic engineering, and protein engineering of these enzymes with enhanced properties and catalytic efficiencies...