Bone Demineralization

BACKGROUND: Conventional treatment for alveolar cleft repair is done using autologous iliac crest alveolar bone graft (ABG). However, this method may not be ideal in all patients. Analysis of the efficacy of a mixture of demineralized bone matrix (DBX), bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP-2), and freeze-dried bone chips (FDBC) as an alternative for alveolar cleft repair was performed. METHODS: Consecutive patients from August 2019 to June 2022 undergoing early alveolar cleft repair, concomitant hard palate and alveolar cleft repair, secondary alveolar cleft repair, and regrafting from a previously failed ABG were analyzed...

Eosinophils are involved in tissue homeostasis. Herein, we unveiled eosinophils as important regulators of bone homeostasis. Eosinophils are localized in proximity to bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the bone marrow. The absence of eosinophils in ΔdblGATA mice results in lower bone mass under steady-state conditions and amplified bone loss upon sex hormone deprivation and inflammatory arthritis. Conversely, increased numbers of eosinophils in IL-5 transgenic mice enhance bone mass under steady-state conditions and protect from hormone- and inflammation- mediated bone loss...

BACKGROUND: Journal of Oral Biosciences is dedicated to advancing and disseminating fundamental knowledge concerning every aspect of oral biosciences. This review features review articles in the fields of "bone regeneration," "periodontitis," "periodontal diseases," "salivary glands," "sleep bruxism," and "Sjögren's syndrome." HIGHLIGHT: This review focused on human demineralized dentin/cementum matrix for bone regeneration, oxidized low-density lipoprotein in periodontal disease and systemic conditions, the relationship between inflammatory mediators in migraine and periodontitis, phosphoinositide signaling molecules in the salivary glands, and the pathophysiology of sleep bruxism and Sjögren's syndrome...

BACKGROUND: The effects of combining resistance training (RT) and concurrent training (CT; resistance + endurance training) with varied protein doses on bone measures remain poorly understood. Hence, we conducted a comparison of the impacts of two high-protein diets (1.6 or 3.2 g kg-1 d-1 ) over 16 weeks in resistance-trained males, either with CT or RT alone. METHODS: A total of forty-eight males, all of whom were resistance-trained, had the following demographics: 26...

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been widely used as an allogeneic alternative to autologous bone graft for bone repair. However, more extensive use of DBM is limited due to its particulate nature after demineralization and rapid particle dispersion following irrigation, resulting in unpredictable osteoinductivity. Here, we report a new design of injectable hydrogel carriers for DBM that combine self-healing ability and osteogenic properties based on the self-assembly of guanidinylated hyaluronic acid and silica-rich nanoclays...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294291.].

Laying hens can experience a progressive increase in bone fragility due to the ongoing mobilization of calcium from bones for eggshell formation. Over time, this escalates their susceptibility to bone fracture, which can reduce their mobility and cause pain. The provision of perches as an exercise opportunity could potentially enhance bone strength, but the timing of exposure to perches during the birds' development may modulate its impact. The objective of this study was to investigate the enduring impacts of perch provision timing on the musculoskeletal health of laying hens...

The issue of bone volume loss is playing an increasing role in bone tissue engineering. Research has focused on studying the preparation and use of different types of human or xenogenic materials and their osteogenic properties. An alternative source for this purpose could be autologous extracted teeth. The simple preparation protocol, minimal immune response, and rapid organizing of the newly formed bone with optimal mechanical properties predispose autologous hard teeth tissues (HTTs) as a promising material suitable in the indication of augmentation of maxillary and mandible defects, comparable to other high-end augmentation materials...

Allogenic demineralized bone matrix (DBM), processed to expose bioactive proteins imbedded by calcium salts, is widely used for bone repair and regeneration as an alternative to the autologous bone graft. However, demineralized bone matrices from tissue banks vary significantly in residual calcium content and osteogenicity for clinical bone regeneration. The present study produced DBM with various residual calcium contents by partial demineralization using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA) and hydrochloric acid...

Intrinsic permeability describes the ability of a porous medium to be penetrated by a fluid. Considering porous scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE) applications, this macroscopic variable can strongly influence the transport of oxygen and nutrients, the cell seeding process, and the transmission of fluid forces to the cells, playing a crucial role in determining scaffold efficacy. Thus, accurately measuring the permeability of porous scaffolds could represent an essential step in their optimization process...

Spinal trauma accounts for a large portion of injuries to the spine area, particularly as societies are entering an era of aging populations. Consequently, spine fractures accompanied by osteoporosis are becoming more prevalent. Achieving successful fusion surgery in patients with spine fractures associated with osteoporosis is even more challenging. Pseudarthrosis in the spine does not yield clinically favorable results; however, considerable effort has been made to achieve successful fusion, and the advancement of bone graft substitutes has been particularly crucial in this regard...

Due to the lack of a precise in vitro model that can mimic the nature microenvironment in osteosarcoma, the understanding of its resistance to chemical drugs remains limited. Here, we report a novel three-dimensional model of osteosarcoma constructed by seeding tumor cells (MG-63 and MNNG/HOS Cl no. 5) within demineralized bone matrix scaffolds. Demineralized bone matrix scaffolds retain the original components of the natural bone matrix (hydroxyapatite and collagen type I), and possess good biocompatibility allowing osteosarcoma cells to proliferate and aggregate into clusters within the pores...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a new direct lysis repair technique using internal fixation with rod, screws, and Songer cable in symptomatic lumbar spondylolysis. METHODS: Between December 2015 and January 2020, patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic lumbar spondylolysis and surgically treated with a rod-screw-cable system were recruited. Pedicle screwing by the Magerl technique was performed in all included patients, followed by direct lysis repair with bone allograft and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) by stabilizing the posterior lamina and spinous process using a rod-screw-cable system...

The removal of a failed implant with high torque causes significant damage to the surrounding tissue, compromising bone regeneration and subsequent osseointegration in the defect area. Here, we report a case of carrier screw fracture followed by immediate implant removal, bone grafting and delayed reimplantation. A dental implant with a fractured central carrier screw was removed using the bur-forceps technique. The resulting three-wall bone defect was filled with granular surface demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (SD-FDBA)...

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed biomechanical properties of pedicle screws enhanced or revised with 3 materials. We aimed to compare the efficacy of these materials in pedicle augmentation and revision. METHODS: One hundred twenty human cadaveric vertebrae were utilized for in vitro testing. Vertebrae bone density was evaluated. Allograft bone particles (ABP), calcium phosphate cement (CPC), and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) were used to augment or revise pedicle screw...

OBJECTIVE: Although several studies have reported successful fusion rates after oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) using allografts or dimerized bone matrix (DBM) instead of autografts, whether OLIF can achieve satisfactory solid fusion without the use of autografts remains unclear. This study investigated the real fusion rates after OLIF using allografts and DBM, which were evaluated using both dynamic radiographs and computed tomography scans. METHODS: We enrolled 79 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive OLIF followed by percutaneous pedicle screw fixation...

UNLABELLED: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a form of congenital osteoporosis. Depending on the type of OI, patients experience various types of hearing loss. Depending on the type and degree of hearing loss, various methods of hearing rehabilitation are used in this category of patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the features and results of surgical rehabilitation of hearing loss in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period from 2009 to 2022, 2221 primary stapedoplasty was performed in the department, of which 23 (1...

Immunoregulatory and vascularized microenvironments play an important role in bone regeneration; however, the precise regulation for vascularization and inflammatory reactions remains elusive during bone repair. In this study, by means of subcutaneous preimplantation, we successfully constructed demineralized bone matrix (DBM) grafts with immunoregulatory and vascularized microenvironments. According to the current results, at the early time points (days 1 and 3), subcutaneously implanted DBM grafts recruited a large number of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages with positive expression of CD68 and iNOS, while at the later time points (days 7 and 14), these inflammatory cells gradually subsided, accompanying increased presence of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages with positive expression of CD206 and Arg-1, indicating a gradually enhanced anti-inflammatory microenvironment...

Serum phosphate concentration is regulated by renal phosphate reabsorption and mediated by sodium-phosphate cotransporters. Germline mutations in genes encoding these cotransporters have been associated with clinical phenotypes, variably characterized by hyperphosphaturia, hypophosphatemia, recurrent kidney stones, skeletal demineralization, and early onset osteoporosis. We reported a 33-year-old male patient presenting a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis and early onset osteopenia in the lumbar spine and femur...

Several studies have already demonstrated the biocompatibility of a tooth as a grafting material in the regeneration of bone tissue, showing its osteoconductive potential, while no studies have verified whether the osteoinductive potential of a tooth remains constant or is altered after its treatment with the Tooth Transformer (TT) device. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the treatment with the TT device did not alter the osteoinductivity of an extracted tooth that was stored dry. Twelve extracted human teeth were collected from real patients...