Hypernatremia dehydration

Hypernatremic dehydration is an uncommon condition, whose main treatment is fluid administration. In cases of extreme hypernatremia, that treatment paradoxically poses a real danger to the patient's morbidity and mortality. In very rare cases, restrictive type anorexia nervosa causes extreme dehydration that can result in elevated sodium levels. In this case study we present a teenage girl who suffers from restrictive anorexia nervosa and was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with an acute confusional state, with extremely severe hypernatremia up to 203 mEq/L, combined with hyperglycemia up to 700 mg/dL...

We report a case of thromboembolism in a patient with hypernatremia resulting from lithiuminduced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). A 49-year-old female patient on chronic lithium therapy due to bipolar disorder was transferred to the emergency department with signs of dehydration, altered mental status, and increased oxygen demand. She was admitted to a local psychiatric clinic first because of an exacerbation of a manic episode. When she was transferred to our clinic, her blood pressure was 130/80 mmHg, she was tachycardic (110 beats/min), had tachypnea (24 breaths/min), normal body temperature (36...

Overdrinking and non-osmotic arginine vasopressin release are the main risk factors for exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) in ultra-marathon events. However, particularly during ultra-marathon running in mountainous regions, eccentric exercise and hypoxia, which have been shown to modulate inflammation, hormones regulating fluid homeostasis (hypoxia), and oxidative stress, could contribute to serum sodium changes in a dose-dependent manner. To the best of our knowledge, the contribution of these factors, the extent of which depends on the duration and geographical location of the race, has not been well studied...

Hypernatraemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is more common in patients of older age, nursing home residents and those with cognitive impairment and restricted mobility. The most common cause in hospital settings is water dehydration due to reduced intake although other causes should be identified. Once identified, prompt management is necessary to avoid delayed correction as prolonged hypernatremia is associated with increased hospital stay and mortality. Comprehensive history-taking and physical examination, basic investigations and medication review are essential to identify causative and remediable factors in those admitted with hypernatraemia...

In this study, we present the case of a 5-year-old female who presented for evaluation of dehydration with labs that revealed significant hypernatremia concerning for diabetes insipidus (DI). Further evaluation revealed that she had underlying chronic malnutrition. Her diagnostic work up for DI produced some evidence consistent with DI while other data indicated otherwise, bringing up the possibility of partial DI. She was ultimately diagnosed with sporadic vasopressin release secondary to her chronic malnutrition...

Insufficient milk intake in breastfed neonates is common, frequently missed, and causes preventable hospitalizations for jaundice/hyperbilirubinemia, hypernatremia/dehydration, and hypoglycemia - accounting for most U.S. neonatal readmissions. These and other consequences of neonatal starvation and deprivation may substantially contribute to fully preventable morbidity and mortality in previously healthy neonates worldwide. Previous advanced civilizations recognized this problem of breastfeeding insufficiencies and had an infrastructure to solve it: Wetnursing, shared nursing, and prelacteal feeding traditions used to be well-organized and widespread...

OBJECTIVE: To find out the incidence, spectrum, and topographical distribution of brain lesions in neonatal hypernatremic dehydration. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 100 consecutive neonates admitted with hypernatremic dehydration. 93 neonates underwent magnetic resonance imaging brain to identify the nature and site of neurological injury. RESULTS: Neuroradiological lesions were found in 42 (45.2%) babies. Edema was the most common finding in 37 (39...

BACKGROUND: In septic mice, supplementing parenteral nutrition with 150 mg/day 3-hydroxybutyrate-sodium-salt (3HB-Na) has previously shown to prevent muscle weakness without obvious toxicity. The main objective of this study was to identify the toxic threshold of 3HB-Na supplementation in septic mice, prior to translation of this promising intervention to human use. METHODS: In a centrally-catheterized, antibiotic-treated, fluid-resuscitated, parenterally fed mouse model of prolonged sepsis, we compared with placebo the effects of stepwise escalating doses starting from 150 mg/day 3HB-Na on illness severity and mortality (n = 103)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is a rare hereditary tubular dysfunction caused mainly by X-linked recessive inheritance of AVPR2 gene mutations. Pathogenic genes are a result of mutations in AVPR2 on chromosome Xq28 and in AQP2 on chromosome 12q13. The clinical manifestations of CNDI include polyuria, compensatory polydipsia, thirst, irritability, constipation, developmental delay, mental retardation, persistent decrease in the specific gravity of urine, dehydration, and electrolyte disorders (hypernatremia and hyperchloremia)...

OBJECTIVES: We report a case of an infant with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) diagnosed by the measurement of serum copeptin. There is only one study that previously evaluated the use of copeptin measurement in a pediatric patient. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 10-month-old child with polyuria-polydipsia syndrome (PPS) and hypernatremia that could not support water restriction due to increased risk of dehydration and worsening of his condition. Therefore, plasma measurement of copeptin allowed the diagnosis of NDI...

BACKGROUND: Variable neurological manifestations and imaging findings have been described in children with severe hypernatremia. We aimed to describe the spectrum of neuroimaging changes in infants with severe hypernatremia. METHODS: This retrospective study included infants with severe hypernatremia (serum sodium >160 mEq/L), abnormal neurological examination, and an abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain over a period of 2 years in a tertiary care hospital...

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by renal inability to concentrate urine. We utilized a multicenter strategy to investigate the genotype and phenotype in a cohort of Chinese children clinically diagnosed with NDI from 2014 to 2019. Ten boys from nine families were identified with mutations in AVPR2 or AQP2 along with dehydration, polyuria-polydipsia, and severe hypernatremia. Genetic screening confirmed the diagnosis of seven additional relatives with partial or subclinical NDI...

SUMMARY: We report a male infant with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) who presented with hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia since birth. Serum sodium started to increase at 39 days. Although there was no polyuria, urine osmolality was 71 mOsm/kg, when serum osmolality was 296 mOsm/kg with plasma arginine vasopressin 22.5 pg/mL. He was thus diagnosed as NDI. An undetectable level of urine calcium and unsuppressed intact parathyroid hormone suggested hyperparathyroidism including calcium-sensing receptor mutations that could cause hypercalcemia-induced NDI...

Adipsia is a rare condition characterized by a lack of thirst due to a defect in specific osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus. The disorder is characterized by failure to maintain the body's normal plasma osmolality (POSM), resulting in chronic or recurrent severe hypernatremia and dehydration. Adipsia is usually accompanied by central diabetes insipidus (DI). Isolated adipsia (without DI) is very rare, with causes ranging from congenital central nervous system malformations to acquired anterior hypothalamic lesions...

INTRODUCTION: The hypernatremic neonatal dehydration is a severe condition whose incidence has increased in recent years resulting in complications leading to the hospitalization of the newborn. OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of term-newborns with Hypernatremic Dehy dration diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive observational study of hospitalized term- newborns due to hypernatremic dehydration between a period from 2014 to 2016...

BACKGROUND: Craniopharyngioma (CP), despite being a malformational tumor of low histological grade, causes considerable morbidity and mortality mostly due to hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction that is created by tumor itself or its treatment. SUMMARY: Fluid-electrolyte disturbances which range from dehydration to fluid overload and from hypernatremia to hyponatremia are frequently encountered during the acute postoperative period and should be carefully managed to avoid permanent neurological sequelae...

Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis is an uncommon complication of hypernatremic dehydration in neonates. Non-improvement in neurological status even after correction of hypernatremia should lead to suspicion of intracranial complications due to hypernatremia or its overtreatment. Slow correction of hypernatremia, calculated fluid administration, and anticoagulation improve outcome in neonates with CSVT.

The co-existence of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a patient that presents in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is rare and, to our knowledge, has not been described even in case reports. We report the case of a 16-year-old male with known NDI who presented to the pediatric emergency department (ED) for one day with generalized weakness and decreased appetite, found to be in moderate DKA from new-onset DM. The initial management of his dehydration and hyperosmolar state presented a unique challenge...

Untreated and rapid correction of neonatal hypernatremia leads to severe neurological complications. We describe the case of a six-week-old female who presented with failure to thrive, and further workup revealed hypernatremic dehydration. Initially, she did not respond to treatment to correct the hyperosmotic state. Treatment with desmopressin was then initiated to determine the cause of hypernatremia. Central diabetes insipidus was confirmed as the patient responded to desmopressin. Serum sodium levels then dropped significantly, and the patient had three seizures within 24 hours...