Leukemia treatment

Relapse is the leading cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for leukemia. T cells engineered by gene transfer to express T cell receptors (TCR; TCR-T) specific for hematopoietic-restricted minor histocompatibility (H) antigens may provide a potent selective anti-leukemic effect post-HCT. We conducted a phase I clinical trial employing a novel TCR-T product targeting the minor H antigen HA-1 to treat or consolidate treatment of persistent or recurrent leukemia and myeloid neoplasms...

BACKGROUND: MEDI7247 is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of an anti-sodium-dependent alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 antibody-conjugated to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer. OBJECTIVE: This first-in-human phase 1 trial evaluated MEDI7247 in patients with hematological malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM), or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapsed or refractory (R/R) to standard therapies, or for whom no standard therapy exists, were eligible...

INTRODUCTION: Radiation oncology is a pivotal modality in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. To enable state-of-the-art patient care, structured education during residency is essential. However, given the lack of detailed data, the scope of educational opportunities available to trainees remains elusive. This prompted our group to perform a national survey amongst radiation oncology residents in Germany assessing the status quo of competences in the treatment of lymphoma and leukemia patients...

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to self-renew and are multi-potent. They are a primary candidate for cell-based therapy due to their potential anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-leukemic effect of Wharton's Jelly-derived MSC (WJ-MSC) on the leukemic cell lines K562 and HL-60. METHODS: In this present study, WJ-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord. The cells were incubated according to the standard culture conditions and characterized by flow cytometry...

Destruction of erythropoiesis process leads to various diseases, including thrombocytopenia, anaemia, and leukaemia. miR-429-CT10 regulation of kinase-like (CRKL) axis involved in development, progression and metastasis of cancers. However, the exact role of miR-429-CRKL axis in leukaemic cell differentiation are still unknown. The current work aimed to uncover the effect of miR-429-CRKL axis on erythropoiesis. In the present study, CRKL upregulation was negatively correlated with miR-429 downregulation in both chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patient and CR patient samples...

BACKGROUND: The treatment of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) is conducted according to well-defined risk stratification systems. We hypothesized that adherence to the guidelines, namely the decision to refrain from introducing cytoreduction in non-high-risk patients, is particularly difficult in patients diagnosed when they are between 40 and 59 years of age (intermediate-age group). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the group of intermediate-age PV and ET patients, focusing on a first-line treatment approach adapted at diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: A 54-year-old Hispanic OPos female with known history of anti-Rh17 antibodies was diagnosed with Philadelphia-Chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Rh17, also known as Hr0 , is a high-frequency antigen composed of several epitopes on the RhCE protein. Anti-Rh17 antibodies can be made by individuals with missing or varied C/c, E/e antigens. Anti-Rh17 antibodies are clinically significant given multiple case reports of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN)...

The damage or depletion of ovarian reserves due to aging or cancer treatment can increase the need for fertility preservation techniques. One of the most common ways of supporting fertility in prepubertal girls and women who require immediate cancer treatment is through ovarian tissue cryopreservation and re-transplantation following cancer treatment. However, a more appropriate method should be employed in diseases such as leukemia, where malignant cells may be present in cryopreserved tissue, instead of ovarian tissue transplantation...

PURPOSE: Immune dysregulation plays a key role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to explore the correlation between T helper cell 17 (Th17) and the regulatory cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of patients with newly diagnosed (ND) AML and bone marrow blast cells, as well as minimal residual disease (MRD) before and after treatment. METHODS: Changes in Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 32 patients with ND AML were observed before and after induction chemotherapy with cytarabine for seven days and anthracycline for three days...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent pediatric cancer. 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a key component of ALL treatment. Its use, however, is also associated with adverse drug reactions, particularly myelosuppression. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) and, more recently, Nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15) deficiency, due to no-function variants in their respective genes, are well known for their role in the development of this toxicity. Two novel genetic variants, rs12199316 in TPMT and rs73189762 in the NUDT15 gene, were recently identified by targeted sequencing...

The noncanonical NF-κB pathway is involved in lymphoid organ development, B cell maturation, and cytokine production. However, new research has demonstrated that this pathway is also key for the orderly and sequential maturation of myeloid cells, including neutrophils and eosinophils. When this pathway is disrupted or constitutively activated, aberrations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) survival and proliferation, as well as subsequent granulopoiesis and eosinophilopoiesis are affected...

BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used as the primary chemotherapy for lymphoid malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the development of GC resistance limits their prolonged use. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the potential of a newly synthesized indole derivative called LWX-473, in combination with the classic GC Dexamethasone (DEX), to enhance the responsiveness of Jurkat cells to GC treatment. RESULTS: Our findings demonstrate that LWX-473 alone or in combination with DEX significantly improves GC-induced cell apoptosis and arrests the cell cycle in the G1 phase...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a growing need to comprehend the potential outcomes of nanoparticles (NPs) on human well-being, including their potential for detecting and treating leukemia. This study examined the role of iron folate core-shell and iron oxide nanoparticles in inducing apoptosis and altering the expression of the B-cell lymphoma 2 ( Bcl-2 ), Bcl-2 associated X-protein ( Bax ), and Caspase-3 genes in leukemia cells. METHODS: The obtained iron oxide and iron folate core-shell nanoparticles were analyzed using a variety of analytical techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)...

BACKGROUND: Rapid reduction of leukemic cells in the bone marrow during remission induction chemotherapy (RIC) can lead to significant complications such as tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). We investigated whether prephase steroid treatment before RIC could decrease TLS incidence and improve overall survival in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS: Data were extracted from the Common Data Model databases in two tertiary-care hospitals in Seoul, South Korea...

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor of immature granulocytic cells and is most often associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Myeloid sarcomas can occur anywhere in the body but are seldom present in the testicles, especially in the pediatric population. The treatment of MS, especially testicular myeloid sarcoma (TMS) is not well defined in the literature and the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of TMS is even less well defined. In this case report, we discuss the treatment for TMS in a pediatric patient, review the literature, and discuss the role of radiation therapy in the treatment...

Venetoclax (VEN) has been shown to play a synergistic effect in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in the frontline treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the potential role of this therapy in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML setting, still needs to be further unveiled. The aim of the current study was to retrospectively outline the safety profile, response and survival outcomes of R/R AML patients treated with VEN in association with HMAs. Clinical, biological, and molecular data were collected from 57 patients with R/R AML treated with VEN combined with azacitidine or decitabine between 2018 and 2023...

Background: Recurrence of ALL in the central nervous system, CNS Relapse, is known as a poor prognostic factor. Few studies have been performed on the CNS Relapse in adults with ALL. This study aimed to evaluate the recurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the central nervous system, CNS relapse, in adults with ALL. Materials and Methods: Seventy newly diagnosed patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia aged 15 years and older referred to Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital in Isfahan between 2014 and 2019 were included in this study...

BACKGROUND: We recently reported results of the prospective, open-label HOVON-100 trial in 334 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) randomized to first-line treatment with or without clofarabine (CLO). No improvement of event-free survival (EFS) was observed, while a higher proportion of patients receiving CLO obtained minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity. AIM: In order to investigate the effects of CLO in more depth, two multi-state models were developed to identify why CLO did not show a long-term survival benefit despite more MRD-negativity...

Metabolic reprogramming occurs to meet cancer cells' high energy demand. Its function is essential to the survival of malignancies. Comparing cancer cells to non-malignant cells has revealed that cancer cells have altered metabolism. Several pathways, particularly mTOR, Akt, PI3K, and HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) modulate the metabolism of cancer. Among other aspects of cancer biology, gene expression in metabolism, survival, invasion, proliferation, and angiogenesis of cells are controlled by HIF-1, a vital controller of cellular responsiveness to hypoxia...

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for leukemia and a range of non-malignant disorders. The success of the therapy is hampered by occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD); an inflammatory response damaging recipient organs, with gut, liver, and skin being the most susceptible. Intestinal GvHD injury is often a life-threatening complication in patients unresponsive to steroid treatment. Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) infusions are a promising potential treatment for steroid-resistant aGvHD...