Traumatic optic neuropathy

Neuro-ophthalmic disorders are often documented individually for each illness, with little data available on their overall incidence and pattern. The overall incidence of neuro-ophthalmic illnesses in Iraq is still not recorded. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, demographic, and etiological features of patients seeking consultation at an Iraqi neuro-ophthalmology clinic. A prospective cross-sectional observational research was conducted at the Janna Ophthalmic Center in Baghdad, Iraq. The center serves a diverse patient population from various governorates...

Background : To evaluate and review the current evidence regarding the association between ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) and internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD). Methods : We systematically reviewed studies according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA), searching three databases (Scopus, Pubmed, and Embase) for relevant articles that clearly described the correlation between ION and ICAD. All studies that examined the association between ICAD and the development of ION were synthesized...

Activated astrocytes are a primary source of inflammatory factors following traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Accumulation of inflammatory factors in this context leads to increased axonal damage and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Therefore, in the present study, we explored the role of the astrocyte G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in regulating inflammatory factors following optic nerve crush (ONC), and analyzed its potential regulatory mechanisms. Overall, our results showed that GPER was abundantly expressed in the optic nerve, and co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP)...

INTRODUCTION: Recent diagnostic criteria for optic neuritis include T2-hyperintensity of the optic nerve (ON), even without associated contrast enhancement. However, isolated ON-T2-hyperintensity is a nonspecific finding found in any optic neuropathy or severe retinopathy. We applied the 2022 optic neuritis diagnostic criteria to a cohort of patients with noninflammatory optic neuropathy and ON-T2-hyperintensity in at least one eye, to assess the rate of optic neuritis misdiagnosis using these criteria...

Aim: The research aimed to establish reference values of visual evoked potentials among school-aged children after brain injury. Methods: Eighteen patients with persisting visual symptoms after brain injury have been examined. A pattern-VEP test has been used during the examination. Results: The prolongation of the N2 wave in 55,6%-66,6%, P wave in 55,7%-66,7%, and N3 wave in 16,7%-22,2% was determined in the research group. Likewise, the decrease in the amplitude of the P wave was determined in the case of 16,7%-33,3%...

OBJECTIVE: Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations occur frequently in patients with a traumatic head injury which are often ignored, leading to late presentation with permanent visual disability and visual field defects. This study aimed to find the various neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of traumatic brain injury and correlate them with the neurological status and neuroimaging abnormality. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among patients admitted to our centre with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury for a period of six months from August 2020 to January 2021...

Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is a highly effective and reliable approach for patients with select cases of optic neuropathy. It reduces the hydrostatic pressure and helps in relieving the compressive forces within the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve consequently preserving and arresting the deterioration of vision. The advantages of the endoscopic approach over other procedures include preservation of olfaction, quick recovery, lack of external scars and less morbidity. The objective of the study is to assess the surgical outcome of endoscopic optic nerve decompression in patients with traumatic and atraumatic optic neuropathy...

This study aimed to assess the impact of light perception presence or absence on visual function recovery in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 206 TON patients. Based on the presence or absence of light perception after injury, patients were categorized into a light perception group and a non-light perception group. A comparison was made between the two groups regarding visual acuity recovery before and after treatment. The non-light perception group comprised 63 patients, with a treatment effectiveness rate of 39...

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a rare but potentially devastating complication of craniofacial trauma. Approximately half of patients with TON sustain permanent vision loss. In this study, we sought to identify the most common fracture patterns associated with TON. We performed a retrospective review of craniomaxillofacial CT scans of trauma patients who presented to the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center from 2015 to 2017. Included were adult patients who had orbital fractures with or without other facial fractures...

BACKGROUND: To analyze the morphologic and functional change in traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) divided by the mechanism of optic nerve injury. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 58 patients who were diagnosed as monocular TON from February 2015 to August 2021 was conducted at in CHA Bundang Medical Center in Seongnam, South Korea. The patients visited the clinic of the department of ophthalmology for more than 6 months and at least 4 times during this period...

Injuries to axons within the central nervous system (CNS) pose a substantial clinical challenge due to their limited regenerative capacity. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Cell-free fat extract (CEFFE) in CNS injury. CEFFE was injected intravitreally after the optic nerve was crushed. Two weeks post-injury, quantification of regenerated axons and survival rates of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were performed. Subsequently, comprehensive gene ontology (GO) an-notation elucidated the cellular origins and functional attributes of CEFFE components...

A woman, 19 years old, with a history of falling from a height with resulting zygomatico-maxillar complex fracture on the right side, a mandibular fracture on the left side for which she underwent repair with plate insertion, and traumatic optic atrophy in her right eye, presented 9 months later with eye facial swelling, proptosis, and acute rapid loss of vision in the left eye. The diagnosis was done immediately aided by radiology assistance and a decision was taken to admit the patient to undergo urgent decompression to save the vision and the patient did recover well...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce traumatic axonal injury in the optic nerve, which is referred to as traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). TON occurs in up to 5% of TBI cases and leads to irreversible visual deficits. TON-induced phosphorylation of eIF2α, a downstream ER stress activator in the PERK pathway presents a potential point for therapeutic intervention. For eIF2α phosphorylation can lead to apoptosis or adaptation to stress. We hypothesized that dephosphorylation, rather than phosphorylation, of eIF2α would lead to reduced apoptosis and improved visual performance and retinal cell survival...

Retinal neurodegenerative disease is a leading cause of blindness among the elderly in developed countries, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, traumatic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis, etc . The current clinical treatment is not very effective. We investigated indirubin, one of the main bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Danggui Longhui Pill, in the present study for its role in retinal neurodegeneration. Indirubin exhibited no detectable tissue toxicity in vivo or cytotoxicity in vitro ...

Orbital apex fractures are a debilitating condition that can cause vision problems and are often associated with intracranial injury. Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TON), which results in vision loss following a traumatic injury to the optic nerve, can be caused by various mechanisms, but most cases involve injuries to the globe, orbit, or adnexa. We are reporting a case of an 18 year old male with a history of an air gun being accidentally discharged into his left eye. He was evaluated and found to have an Orbital apex fracture with left eye TON...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as prevalent contributors to the development of inner retinal injuries including optic neuropathies such as glaucoma, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, among others. This underscores the pivotal significance of oxidative stress in the damage inflicted upon retinal tissue. To combat ROS-related challenges, this study focuses on creating an injectable and tissue-adhesive hydrogel with tailored antioxidant properties for retinal applications...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been implemented in a breadth of scientific investigations of optic neuropathies, though it has yet to be fully adopted for diagnosis or prognosis. This is potentially due to a lack of standardization and weak replication of results. The aim of this investigation was to review DTI results from studies specific to three distinct optic neuropathies in order to probe its current clinical utility. METHODS: We reviewed the DTI literature specific to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), optic neuritis (ON), and traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) by systematically searching the PubMed database on March 1st , 2023...

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a devastating condition that can occur after blunt or penetrating trauma to the head, leading to visual impairment or blindness. Despite these debilitating effects, no clinically available therapeutic targets neuroprotection or promotes axon regeneration in this or any optic neuropathy. Limited data in large animal models is a major obstacle to advancing treatments toward clinical therapeutics. To address this issue, we refined a surgical model of TON in Yucatan minipigs...

BACKGROUND: Electrical activity has a crucial impact on the development and survival of neurons. Numerous recent studies have shown that noninvasive electrical stimulation (NES) has neuroprotective action in various retinal disorders. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature on in vivo studies and provide a comprehensive summary of the neuroprotective action and the mechanisms of NES on retinal disorders. METHODS: Based on the PRISMA guideline, a systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library to collect all relevant in vivo studies on "the role of NES on retinal diseases" published up until September 2023...

PURPOSE: To report a case of functional visual loss (FVL) diagnosed through bilateral randomized visual field testing using Imo vifa with a trick method. OBSERVATIONS: A 27-year-old man complained of visual field abnormality in his left eye after falling from a height of 4 m. The left eye had a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/16 and a critical flicker frequency (CFF) of 44.5 Hz at the first visit. Commotio retinae was observed in the inferior retina of the left eye, and the pupillary light reflex was normal...