Oldage

Blood serum from children and young patients with chronic kidney insufficiency at the terminal step as well as from healthy donors was fractionated using ultrafilters "Amicon" XM-50 and Sephadex G-25. Three fractions were obtained: F1--molecular mass 50,000-5,000, F3--3,000-800 (fraction of middle mass molecules, MM) and F5 < 200. Amount of protein in the MM fraction exceeded 7-10-fold the protein content in the same fraction of donor blood serum. Hemodialysis decreased dissimilarly the MM concentration in blood serum of various patients, but the content of this fraction was decreased approximately by 37% after the treatment; the constant value was obtained as a result of calculation per an hour of hemodialysis and per kg of body mass...

Serum of 18 children and adolescents with chronic renal failure at the terminal stage of the kidney disease was fractionated on plates manufactured by Amicon Company and on Sephadex G-25. Uremic serum and ultrafiltrate with a molecular mass of 50,000 produced erythropoiesis inhibiting effect in polycythemic mice. However, the uremic serum and its fractions (50000--5000 and 3000--800) did not alter the number of microscopically visible colonies in the spleen of irradiated mice and their differentiation and proliferation compared to the mice that had received donor serum...

The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was tested in 27 sternotomied dogs using hemodynamic parameters. The left ventricular failure was attained by the starvation of the coronary vessels. The use of cannulae and ventriculi fitting for the size of the animals, and a diastolic vacuum were an essential premise for an effective support of the left heart. By variation of the latent period, the systole duration, and the operating pressures were selected for optimal pumping conditions. The effectiveness of the LVAD was shown by the detected pressure and flow parameters...

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The prerequisite for efficient assist-ventricles and impulses in the pulsatile pumping function are sufficiently dimensioned afflux and flowing off connections. In systematic investigations on the hydraulic circulation model the cannulas from an internal parameter of 12 mm with a total length of the connection distance to the inflow and outflow valve, respectively, at the bypass ventricle of 30 cm proved sufficient for performing a volume of output of 5-6 l/min in clinic-relevant filling pressures in a hypodynamic circulatory situation...

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The left-ventricular (LVAD) and bi-ventricular assistant system (BVAD) were tested in dogs. Our hitherto existing experiences give information specially for the indication of LVAD and BVAD. The risk of a belated application of the LVAD exists in case of only a clinical control by pressure parameters for the degree of a cardiac insufficiency caused by coronary starvations. An aortic pressure of nearly 150/70 mm Hg could be reached by means BVAD on condition of heart fibrillation and a left-atrial pressure of 20 mm Hg...

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Presented are the results of a procedure to characterize the haemodynamic situation and the required therapy in the early post-bypass period by including haemodynamic parameters (Part, CVP, PLA, TPR, PVR, f, Cl) in a system of seven parameter constellations although directly measured values must be supplemented by clinical data. In this way situations with increased or normal cardiac output and pathological peripheral resistance can be more easily distinguished from situations with reduced cardiac output. The investigations were performed in 300 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 1985 and 1986...

The increased incidence of infections after operations can be connected with changes of the immunocompetent cells. Mononuclear blood-cells were investigated by means of the cell electrophoresis during and after operations under the extracorporeal circulation, because electrophoretically different cells correlate with several immunological phenotypes. A heavy decrease of the electrophoretic quick mobility cell population was found out on the first postoperative day above all. This change allows itself the interpretation by decreasing the T-lymphocytes connected to a relative increase of monocytes, B-cells, and immature T-cells...

1. In 12 dogs the right part of the diaphragm was stimulated 4, 5, 8, 11, and 14 weeks by means of a pacemaker. 2. Essential findings have been the increase of the amount of glycogen after 5 weeks, the increase of myofilaments per myofibril after 8 weeks, and the increase in the share of mitochondria in the 11th week. After 14 weeks all values have reached again their initial level as the result of an adaptation. 3. From the quantitative structural findings it can be taken that the diaphragm musculature is not changed by the electrostimulation in such a way that the functional preconditions for covering heart muscle deficiencies by diaphragm flaps are given...

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A baby of 5 months had an incomplete aortic ring (arcus aortae circumflexus) in combination with a ligamentum arteriosum. Even in infancy specific symptoms may occur. Carefull angiographic investigation can avoid misjudging the symptoms (stridor, dysphagia) and can contribute to an exact diagnosis thus preventing unnecessary operation.

In 7 children with Fallot's tetralogy ultrastructural quantitative and qualitative investigations on the heart muscle were carried out. Bizarre nuclei and slightly increased volume of mitochondrial part indicated hypertrophy. The amount of mitochondria was 35.07 per cent. The content of glycogen is relatively high. The lipofuscin bodies, mainly originating from mitochondria, amount to 1.43 per cent. No essential damage is observed. From the ultrastructural findings can be concluded that surgery may be done without suspicion as to cardiac cell morphology...

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The behaviour of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration (2,3-DPG) of red blood cells of babies and children with cyanotic heart diseases is studied before and after shunt operations. In babies with cyanotic heart diseases at the age of up to 6 months an increase of 2,3-DPG-level and haematocrit (HCT) is seen. Later, the compensation of chronic hypoxia is effected by further increase of HCT at unchanged high 2,3-DPG-level. The 2,3-DPG concentration which is still increased after successfull shunt operations as compared with the normal value is considered as an effective adaptation mechanism to the residual hypoxia presenting only a small load on the circulatory system...

Ultrastructural quantitative and qualitative investigations of the myocardium of 7 children with Fallot's disease and 3 children with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) have shown bizarre nuclei and a slight increase in the myofibril share of the volume (Fallot's disease: 51.22%; VSD: 56.85%). This may be interpreted as a sign of a cellular hypertrophy. The mitochondria have a proportion of 35.07% and 33.75%, respectively. The glycogen content is relatively high. The lipofuscin bodies originate mainly from mitochondria having a percentage of 1...